ALBERT

Description:    We examine the implementation of the program-target approach in a comprehensive typology of rural areas. The study has revealed stratification elements of rural territories and provides groups of areas according to the status of socioeconomic environment and the development potential and polarization. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Techniques Pages 380-385 DOI 10.1134/S1875372811040135 Authors N. V. Rogovskaya, Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia M. A. Grigoryeva, Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia Journal Geography and Natural Resources Online ISSN 1875-371X Print ISSN 1875-3728 Journal Volume Volume 32 Journal Issue Volume 32, Number 4

Description:    A comparison is made of the performance of different schemes (models) for calculating the monthly mean water runoff from the catchment. To maximize objectivity of results and for ease of the modeling process, a special-purpose software was developed in order to construct the models compared using a unified technology. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Techniques Pages 376-379 DOI 10.1134/S1875372811040123 Authors A. V. Ignatov, Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia Journal Geography and Natural Resources Online ISSN 1875-371X Print ISSN 1875-3728 Journal Volume Volume 32 Journal Issue Volume 32, Number 4

Description:    The hydrographic network structure of continents conveys the chief peculiarities of relief of mainland at the planetary level of organization. In eastern Eurasia, it is a general northward ramp occupying the entire Siberian part of Russia and the central elevation of the Tibetan Plateau and extending further in the form of Arctic shelves. The other continents are characterized by some elevation of their marginal parts, and by the presence of central basins with hydrographic nodes and rivers, or catchments. Content Type Journal Article Pages 308-314 DOI 10.1134/S1875372811040020 Authors G. F. Ufimtsev, Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia Journal Geography and Natural Resources Online ISSN 1875-371X Print ISSN 1875-3728 Journal Volume Volume 32 Journal Issue Volume 32, Number 4

Description:    The Villány area, as a central part of the Tisza microcontinent/terrane along the European margin of Tethys, was characterized by intense subsidence in the Early and Middle Triassic, followed by a long interruption of subsidence in the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic. During the Middle–Late Jurassic transition, marine sedimentation started with three distinct sedimentary episodes dated as Late Bathonian, Early Callovian, and Middle–Late Callovian, respectively. The succession is terminated by a thick limestone of Middle Oxfordian age. The sedimentary features, microfacies, and macroinvertebrate associations of these four stratigraphic units are documented and illustrated. The Middle to Late Jurassic sedimentary episodes of the Villány succession record an interplay of local and global factors and paleogeographical changes. At the beginning, local tectonic movements governed the main features of sedimentation, though the role of eustasy was also essential. From the mid-Callovian onwards, global climatic, biotic, and paleoceanographical changes controlled the nature and formation of the local carbonate sediments. The Callovian stromatolites are attributed to the activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria in a deep sublittoral, current-swept environment. Upwelling of eutrophic Tethyan waters is recorded by the prevalence of the Bositra filament microfacies in the Callovian. The long submarine hiatus at around the Callovian–Oxfordian transition mirrors a serious restriction of the carbonate budget, due to sudden cooling and a change in the oceanic current system (opening of a circumglobal Tethyan Passage), and to a higher amount of dissolved CO 2 . In the Middle Oxfordian, the carbonate production considerably increased in accordance with the sudden global warming. Content Type Journal Article Category Original Article Pages 1-29 DOI 10.1007/s10347-011-0287-8 Authors A. Vörös, Research Group for Paleontology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences–Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Ludovika tér 2, 1083 Hungary Journal Facies Online ISSN 1612-4820 Print ISSN 0172-9179

Description:    Investigations into the vegetation cover on the polygon-transect in the Kulikalon depression (Tajikistan) revealed the influence of anthropogenic pressure on the ecosystem of archovniks (juniper forests). Archovniks constitute the main landscape component of the Zarafshan geobotanical region. Only small areas occupied by them are not disturbed by human economic activity on the territory of the Kulikalon depression. Content Type Journal Article Category Geography Abroad Pages 386-393 DOI 10.1134/S1875372811040147 Authors O. Rahmonov, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland M. Rahmonova, Higher School of Ecology, Sosnowiec, Poland V. A. Snytko, Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia T. Szczypek, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Journal Geography and Natural Resources Online ISSN 1875-371X Print ISSN 1875-3728 Journal Volume Volume 32 Journal Issue Volume 32, Number 4

Description:    The increasing availability of data monitoring the phenomena that occur on the Earth makes it necessary to provide ad hoc tools allowing the researchers to exploit efficiently all information. The study presented in this paper has been dedicated to the design and implementation in a GIS environment of tools and indices for the analysis and inter-comparison of several datasets representing CO emissions at a global level. The objective of the work was to provide the scientists with an instrument for the consultation and processing of CO emission datasets, with as much automation as possible, besides guided setting of the parameters and interface for graph generation. Both proprietary and open source software have been considered, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The use of proprietary software (ArcGIS 9.3) was requested by the users; for a more efficient customisation the implementation involved also the use of Python 2.5 language and of the Matplotlib library. Then the same kind of tools were implemented in a new module of the GRASS software (version 6.4), developed in C language. In this paper the tools are presented together with examples of CO emission datasets inter-comparisons. Content Type Journal Article Category Original Paper Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s12518-011-0075-8 Authors Federica Migliaccio, Sezione Rilevamento, DIIAR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133 Milano, Italy Daniela Carrion, Sezione Rilevamento, DIIAR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133 Milano, Italy Cynthia Zambrano, Sezione Rilevamento, DIIAR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133 Milano, Italy Journal Applied Geomatics Online ISSN 1866-928X Print ISSN 1866-9298

Description:    After sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO) was first assumed in 2001, several works have been published describing this process in laboratory-scale bioreactors or occurring in the nature. In this paper, the SRAO process was performed using reject water as a substrate for microorganisms and a source of NH 4 + , with SO 4 2− being added as an electron acceptor. At a moderate temperature of 20°C in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) sulfate reduction along with ammonium oxidation were established. In an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR) the SRAO process took place at 36°C. Average volumetric TN removal rates of 0.03 kg-N/m³/day in the MBBR and 0.04 kg-N/m³/day in the UASBR were achieved, with long-term moderate average removal efficiencies, respectively. Uncultured bacteria clone P4 and uncultured planctomycete clone Amx - PAn30 were detected from the biofilm of the MBBR, from sludge of the UASBR uncultured Verrucomicrobiales bacterium clone De2102 and Uncultured bacterium clone ATB - KS - 1929 were found also. The stoichiometrical ratio of NH 4 + removal was significantly higher than could be expected from the extent of SO 4 2− reduction. This phenomenon can primarily be attributed to complex interactions between nitrogen and sulfur compounds and organic matter present in the wastewater. The high NH 4 + removal ratio can be attributed to sulfur-utilizing denitrification/denitritation providing the evidence that SRAO is occurring independently and is not a result of sulfate reduction and anammox. HCO 3 – concentrations exceeding 1,000 mg/l were found to have an inhibiting effect on the SRAO process. Small amounts of hydrazine were naturally present in the reaction medium, indicating occurrence of the anammox process. Injections of anammox intermediates, hydrazine and hydroxylamine, had a positive effect on SRAO process performance, particularly in the case of the UASBR. Content Type Journal Article Category Original Paper Pages 1-16 DOI 10.1007/s10532-011-9529-2 Authors Ergo Rikmann, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia Ivar Zekker, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia Martin Tomingas, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia Taavo Tenno, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia Anne Menert, Tallinn University of Technology, 5 Ehitajate Street, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia Liis Loorits, Tallinn University of Technology, 5 Ehitajate Street, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia Toomas Tenno, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia Journal Biodegradation Online ISSN 1572-9729 Print ISSN 0923-9820

Description:    A pot experiment was carried out (1) to compare C and N yield of different plant parts, nutrient concentrations, and root colonization between the non-mycorrhizal mutant P2 ( myc − ) and the symbiotic isoline Frisson ( myc + ), (2) to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and growing pea plants on microbial decomposition of 15 N-labeled maize residues, and (3) to follow the distribution of the added substrate over different soil fractions, such as particulate organic matter, soil microbial biomass, and microbial residues. Yields of C in straw, grain, and roots of myc + peas were significantly higher by 27%, 11%, and 92%, respectively, compared with those of myc − peas. The δ 13 C values in the different plant parts were significantly higher in myc + than in myc − tissue with and without maize. Application of labeled maize residues generally resulted in 15 N enrichment of pea plants. At the end of the experiment, the ergosterol concentration in roots of mature peas did not differ between the two isolines, indicating similar colonization by saprotrophic fungi. The decomposition of added maize residues was significantly reduced by the myc − peas, but especially by myc + peas. The formation of microbial residue C was increased and that of microbial residue N was reduced in the presence of plants. The insufficient N supply to soil microorganisms reduced decomposition of maize residues in the presence of peas, especially myc + peas. Content Type Journal Article Category Original Paper Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00374-011-0647-0 Authors Ramia Jannoura, Department of Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany Bernd Kleikamp, Life Science Coach & Consult, Plesseweg 75, 37120 Bovenden, Germany Jens Dyckmans, Center for Stable Isotope Research and Analysis, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Rainer Georg Joergensen, Department of Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany Journal Biology and Fertility of Soils Online ISSN 1432-0789 Print ISSN 0178-2762

Description:    The concept of geophysical systems of landscapes is suggested. This study identifies the energy components of the geophysical system of landscape and the most important functions that derive from them, which determine the boundaries and individuality of landscapes, and their differences in the rate of matter moisture transport. A methodological solution is suggested for the metric characteristic of landscapes from the system of intervals of basic hydrothermal indicators that control the rate of matter moisture transport and are used as a standard of functional stability of landscapes. Content Type Journal Article Pages 301-307 DOI 10.1134/S1875372811040019 Authors G. S. Makunina, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Journal Geography and Natural Resources Online ISSN 1875-371X Print ISSN 1875-3728 Journal Volume Volume 32 Journal Issue Volume 32, Number 4