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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases  (4)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations  (2)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous  (2)
  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
  • Elsevier  (6)
  • Blackwell publishing  (2)
  • Birkhauser  (1)
  • Springer
  • Taylor & Francis
  • The Geological Society of America
  • 2020-2020
  • 2005-2009  (9)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949
  • 1940-1944
  • 2006  (9)
Sammlung
Schlagwörter
Verlag/Herausgeber
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2020-2020
  • 2005-2009  (9)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949
  • 1940-1944
Jahr
  • 1
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    Numerical simulation of pyroclastic density currents on Campi Flegrei topography: a tool for statistical hazard estimation. (2006)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We describe a numerical simulation of both concentrated and dilute gravity-driven pyroclastic flows on a digital topographic model of the Campi Flegrei volcanic field. Families of numerical flows are generated by sampling a multi-dimensional matrix of vent coordinates, flow properties and dynamical parameters within a wide range of values. Hazard maps are constructed from the data base of simulated flows, using a mixed deterministic^statistical approach. The set of probable vents covers the area of recent eruptions. Results show the key role of topography in controlling the flow dispersion. The maximum hazard appears to be the NE sector of the caldera. Flows in the eastern sector, including the city of Naples, are shown to be efficiently hindered by the Posillipo and Camaldoli hills at the caldera borders, thus reducing the hazard. The results represent the first physically based estimate of hazard from pyroclastic flows in this densely populated area, and can be used for civil defence purposes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-14
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Campi flegrei ; calderas ; pyroclastic flows ; hazard maps ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Effects of the hydrothermal circulation on the strain field of the Campanian Plain (southern Italy) (2006)
    Blackwell publishing
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Focal mechanisms of earthquakes and fault-slip data have been collected to constrain the strain regime acting in the hydrothermal zone and surrounding areas of the Campanian Plain (southern Italy), a NW–SE elongated structural depression. The NW–SE striking faults bounding the depression move in response to a NE–SW striking regional extension. Within the depression, an extended hydrothermal circulation occurs related to the Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia active volcanoes. In this zone, the strike of the extension is N–S. Results from a finite element model constrained by the collected data show that the presence of a lower rigidity zone due to the hydrothermal circulation may explain (a) the observed deflection of the direction of regional extension, and (b) why large magnitude earthquakes occur at the boundaries of the hydrothermal zone and not along the faults delimiting the structural depression.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 205-209
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Campanian Plain ; hydrothermal zone ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Bayesian inversion of 1994-1998 vertical displacements at Mt Etna: evidence for magma intrusion (2006)
    Blackwell publishing
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We have developed a Bayesian method for the inversion of static ground deformations at volcanic areas.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 935-946
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Bayesian inversion ; deformation ; Geodesy ; magma ; Mt Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 473 bytes
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  • 4
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    Solubility and speciation of sulfur in silicate melts: The Conjugated Toop-Samis-Flood-Grjotheim (CTSFG) model (2006)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A Conjugated Toop-Samis-Flood-Grjotheim (CTSFG) model is developed by combining the framework of the Toop-Samis polymeric approach with the Flood-Grjotheim theoretical treatment of silicate melts and slags. Electrically equivalent ion fractions are computed over the appropriate matrixes (anionic and cationic) in a Temkin notation for fused salts, and are used to weigh the contribution of the various disproportionation reactions of type: M2/pO(melt)+ 1/2S(gas)+M2/pS(melt)+1/2O2(gas) M2/po(melt)+1/2S2(gas)+3/2O2(gas)-M2/pSO4(melt)v being the charge of the generic Mp-1 cation. The extension of the anionic matrix is calculated in the framework of a previously developed polymeric model (Ottonello et al., 2001), based on a parameterization of Lux-Flood acid-base properties of melt components. Model activities follow the Raoultian behavior implicit in the Temkin notation, without the needs of introducing adjustable parameters. The CTSFG model is based on a large amount of data available in literature and exhibits a satisfactory heuristic capability, with virtually no compositional limits, as long as the structural role given to each oxide holds. The model may be employed to compute gas-melt equilibria involving sulfur and allows computing sulfide and sulfate contents of silicate melts whenever the fugacity of a gaseous sulfur species and oxygen are known. Alternatively, the model calculates the oxidation state of the system (i.e., oxygen fugacity), whenever an analytical determination of either sulfide/sulfate or ferrous/ferric ratios in the melt is provided. Calculated sulfide and sulfate capacities allow the estimates of sulfur abundance in various melts of geological interest, both under anhydrous and hydrous conditions or, alternatively, of fS2, given fO2 and the bulk sulfur content. In this case, fSO2 and fH2S may be eventually computed along the water-sulfur-melt boundary provided fH2O is known.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 801-823
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): sulfur ; silicate melts ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 568 bytes
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  • 5
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    Magma dynamics at mid-ocean ridges by noble gas kinetic fractionation: Assessment of magmatic ascent rates (2006)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Despite its impact in understanding oceanic crust formation and eruptive styles of related volcanism, magma dynamics at midocean ridges are poorly known. Here, we propose a new method to assess ascent rates of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) magmas,as well as their pre- and sin-eruptive dynamics. It is based on the idea that a rising magma can reach a variable degree of both CO2 supersaturation in melt and kinetic fractionation among noble gases in vesicles in relation to its ascent rate through the crust. To quantify the relationship, we have used a model of multicomponent bubble growth in MORB melts, developed by extending the single-component model of Proussevitch and Sahagian [A.A. Proussevitch, D.L. Sahagian, Dynamics and energetics of bubble growth in magmas: analytical formulation and numerical modeling, J. Geophys. Res. 103 (1998), 18223–18251.] to CO2–He–Ar gas mixtures. After proper parameterization, we have applied it to published suites of data having the required features (glasses from Pito Seamount and mid-Atlantic ridges). Our results highlight that the investigated MORB magmas display very different ranges of ascent rates: slow rises of popping rock forming-magmas that cross the crust (0.01–0.5 m/s), slightly faster rates of energetic effusions (0.1–1 m/s), up to rates of 1–10 m/s which fall on the edge between lava effusion and Hawaiian activity. Inside a single plumbing system, very dissimilar magma dynamics highlight the large differences in compressive stress of the oceanic crust on a small scale. Constraints on how the systems of ridges work, as well as the characteristics of the magmatic source, can also be obtained. Our model shows how measurements of both the dissolved gas concentration in melt and the volatile composition of vesicles in the same sample are crucial in recognizing the kinetic effects and definitively assessing magma dynamics. An effort should be made to correctly set the studied samples in the sequence of volcanic submarine deposits where they are collected. Enhanced knowledge of a number of physical properties of gas-bearing MOR magmas is also required, mainly noble gas diffusivities, to describe multicomponent bubble growth at a higher confidence level.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 138-158
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Bubble growth ; MORB ; Noble gas ; Kinetic fractionation ; Modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Geochemistry of fluids from submarine hot springs at Punta de Mita, Nayarit, Mexico (2006)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Thermal springs with a maximum measured temperature of 89°C discharge hot water and gas from a depth of 11 m, 400 m offshore of Punta Pantoque, located in the northern part of Bahìa de Banderas, near Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. The composition of all water samples collected from the sea bottom is close to that of sea water. Nevertheless, it was possible to estimate the thermal endmember composition by extrapolating the sulfate concentration to zero. This endmember is similar in chemical composition both to waters of the Rio Purificacion and La Tuna thermal springs, located to the South along the Pacific coast of the Jalisco Block, and to pore waters from the deep-sea drilling cores from some accretionary complexes. Gas composition as well as isotopic composition of He and carbon from CO2, CH4 and C2H6 suggests an essentially thermo-biogenic origin for the gas and the presence of a high proportion of radiogenic, crustal helium. Isotopic composition of He in the Punta de Mita gas (0.4 Ra) is the lowest ever measured in Mexican hydrothermal gases. These findings do not support the idea that there exists a direct connection between the Punta de Mita springs and the last volcanic events which occurred in this area at V3 Ma. Rather, this hydrothermal activity is related to deep active faulting and the existence of a deep regional aquifer or local aquifers of connate waters underlying the granites of the Jalisco Block.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 329-338
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): submarine springs ; hydrothermal systems ; geothermometry ; He-isotopes ; formation waters ; Jalisco Block ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 539 bytes
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  • 7
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    Far-field Gravity and Tilt Signals by Large Earthquakes: Real or Instrumental Effects? (2006)
    Birkhauser
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A wide set of dynamics phenomena (i.e., geodynamics, Post Glacial Rebound, seismicity and volcanic activity) can produce time gravity changes, which spectrum varies from short (1… 10 s) to long (more than 1 year) periods. The amplitude of the gravity variations is generally in the order of 10 8…10 9 g, consequently their detection requires instruments with high sensitivity and stability: then, high quality experimental data. Spring and superconducting gravimeters are intensively used with this target and they are frequently jointed with tiltmeters recording stations in order to measure the elastogravitational perturbation of the Earth. The far-field effects produced by large earthquakes on records collected by spring gravimeters and tiltmeters are investigated here. Gravity and tilt records were analyzed on time windows spanning the occurrence of large worldwide earthquakes; the gravity records have been collected on two stations approximately 600 km distant. The background noise level at the stations was characterized, in each season, in order to detect a possible seasonal dependence and the presence of spectral components which could hide or mask other geophysical signals, such as, for instance, the highest mode of the Seismic Free Oscillation (SFO) of the Earth. Some spectral components (6.5’; 8’; 9’; 14’, 20’, 51’) have been detected in gravity and tilt records on the occasion of large earthquakes and the effect of the SFO has been hypothesized. A quite different spectral content of the EW and NS tiltmeter components has been detected and interpreted as a consequence of the radiation pattern of the disturbances due to the earthquakes. Through the analysis of the instrumental sensitivity, instrumental effects have been detected for gravity meters at very low frequency.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1379–1397
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Gravimeters ; seismic free oscillation ; earthquakes ; tiltmeters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Reply to the comment by R.M. Prol-Ledesma on ‘‘Geochemistry of fluids from submarine thermal springs at Punta de Mita, Nayarit, Mexico’’ (2006)
    Elsevier
    In:  Taran Y. A., Inguaggiato S., Marin M., and Yurova L. M. (2002) Geochemistry of fluids from submarine hot springs at Punta de Mita, Nayarit, Mexico. J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 115, 329-338.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We thank R.M. Prol-Ledesma for her comment on the paper by Taran et al. (2002a) and the new data presented on the water composition of the Punta de Mita (PM) submarine springs. Prol-Ledesma (2003) comments refer to a supposedly wrong citation, superficial description of the geological background, incorrect method of water sampling, wrong approach for the estimation of the end-member composition, irrelevant discussion on the origin of fluids and, lastly, the using of someone else’s ideas and conclusions. In addition, she claims that our data on the fluid chemistry of the springs are not the first (original)ones. The Comment is supported by numerous references to publications by Prol-Ledesma et al. The text below follows the rubrics in the Comment.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 319-322
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): submarine springs ; hydrothermal systems ; geothermometry ; He-isotopes ; formation waters ; Jalisco Block ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 539 bytes
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  • 9
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    "Explosive Energy" during volcanic eruptions from fractal analysis of pyroclasts (2006)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-01-08
    Beschreibung: Despite recent advances by means of experiments and high-resolution surveys and the growing understanding of the physical processes before and during volcanic eruptions, duration and type of eruptive activity still remain highly unpredictable. This uncertainty hinders appropriate hazard and associated risk assessment tremendously. In an effort to counter this problem, experimentally generated pyroclasts have been studied by fractal statistics with the aim of evaluating possible relationships between eruption energy and fragmentation efficiency. Rapid decompression experiments have been performed on three differently porous sample sets of the 1990–1995 eruption of Unzen volcano (Japan) at 850 °C and at initial pressure values above the respective fragmentation threshold [U. Kueppers, B. Scheu, O. Spieler, D. B. Dingwell, Fragmentation efficiency of explosive volcanic eruptions: a study of experimentally generated pyroclasts. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 153 (2006) 125–135.,O. Spieler, B. Kennedy, U. Kueppers, D.B. Dingwell, B. Scheu, J. Taddeucci, The fragmentation threshold of pyroclastic rocks. EPSL 226 (2004) 139–148.]. The size distribution of generated pyroclasts has been studied by fractal fragmentation theory and the fractal dimension of fragmentation (Df), a value quantifying the intensity of fragmentation, has been measured for each sample. Results showthat size distribution of pyroclastic fragments follows a fractal law(i.e. power-law) in the investigated range of fragment sizes, indicating that fragmentation of experimental samples reflects a scale-invariant mechanism. In addition, Df is correlated positively with the potential energy for fragmentation (PEF) while showing a strong influence of the open porosity of the samples. Results obtained in this work indicate that fractal fragmentation theory may allow for quantifying fragmentation processes during explosive volcanic eruptions by calculating the fractal dimension of the size distribution of pyroclasts. It emerges fromthis study that fractal dimension may be utilised as a proxy for estimating the explosivity of volcanic eruptions by analysing their natural pyroclastic deposits.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 800-807
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): volcanic fragmentation ; simulation of eruptions ; explosive energy ; pyroclasts ; fragment size distribution ; fractal fragmentation theory ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Format: 279718 bytes
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