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  • 1
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    Radiation Safety Problems in the Caspian Region (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Astronomy ; Cardiology ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Nuclear chemistry ; Radiology, Medical
    ISBN: 9781402023781
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2378-2
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    A clonogenic bone marrow progenitor specific for macrophages and dendritic cells (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-03
    Description: Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for immune and inflammatory responses and belong to a network of cells that has been termed the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). However, the origin and lineage of these cells remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the isolation and clonal analysis of a mouse bone marrow progenitor that is specific for monocytes, several macrophage subsets, and resident spleen DCs in vivo. It was also possible to recapitulate this differentiation in vitro by using treatment with the cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Thus, macrophages and DCs appear to renew from a common progenitor, providing a cellular and molecular basis for the concept of the MPS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fogg, Darin K -- Sibon, Claire -- Miled, Chaouki -- Jung, Steffen -- Aucouturier, Pierre -- Littman, Dan R -- Cumano, Ana -- Geissmann, Frederic -- A133856/PHS HHS/ -- G0900867/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):83-7. Epub 2005 Dec 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Laboratory of Mononuclear Phagocyte Biology, Avenir Team, Necker Enfants Malades Institute, 75015 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16322423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Clone Cells ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/pharmacology ; Dendritic Cells/*cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology ; Macrophages/*cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myeloid Progenitor Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/analysis ; Receptors, Cytokine/analysis ; Receptors, HIV/analysis ; Recombinant Proteins ; Spleen/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Representation of action-specific reward values in the striatum (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-29
    Description: The estimation of the reward an action will yield is critical in decision-making. To elucidate the role of the basal ganglia in this process, we recorded striatal neurons of monkeys who chose between left and right handle turns, based on the estimated reward probabilities of the actions. During a delay period before the choices, the activity of more than one-third of striatal projection neurons was selective to the values of one of the two actions. Fewer neurons were tuned to relative values or action choice. These results suggest representation of action values in the striatum, which can guide action selection in the basal ganglia circuit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samejima, Kazuyuki -- Ueda, Yasumasa -- Doya, Kenji -- Kimura, Minoru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1337-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational Neurobiology, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 619-0288 Kyoto, Japan. samejima@lab.tamagawa.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; *Choice Behavior ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Female ; Macaca ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Probability ; Putamen/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Elephants, ecology, and nonequilibrium? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Illius, Andrew W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):674; author reply 674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15714610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Elephants ; Environment ; *Mammals ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Questions about Orrorin femur (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohman, James C -- Lovejoy, C Owen -- White, Tim D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 11;307(5711):845; author reply 845.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15709231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Femoral Neck Fractures/pathology ; Femur/*anatomy & histology/radiography ; Femur Neck/anatomy & histology/radiography ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Adaptive coding of reward value by dopamine neurons (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-12
    Description: It is important for animals to estimate the value of rewards as accurately as possible. Because the number of potential reward values is very large, it is necessary that the brain's limited resources be allocated so as to discriminate better among more likely reward outcomes at the expense of less likely outcomes. We found that midbrain dopamine neurons rapidly adapted to the information provided by reward-predicting stimuli. Responses shifted relative to the expected reward value, and the gain adjusted to the variance of reward value. In this way, dopamine neurons maintained their reward sensitivity over a large range of reward values.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tobler, Philippe N -- Fiorillo, Christopher D -- Schultz, Wolfram -- 095495/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 11;307(5715):1642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK, and Institute of Physiology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15761155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Learning ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Probability ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The influence of social hierarchy on primate health (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: Dominance hierarchies occur in numerous social species, and rank within them can greatly influence the quality of life of an animal. In this review, I consider how rank can also influence physiology and health. I first consider whether it is high- or low-ranking animals that are most stressed in a dominance hierarchy; this turns out to vary as a function of the social organization in different species and populations. I then review how the stressful characteristics of social rank have adverse adrenocortical, cardiovascular, reproductive, immunological, and neurobiological consequences. Finally, I consider how these findings apply to the human realm of health, disease, and socioeconomic status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sapolsky, Robert M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):648-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Biological Sciences, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, MC 5020, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. sapolsky@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety ; Behavior, Animal ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; Dominance-Subordination ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Immune System/physiology ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; *Primates/physiology/psychology ; Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Social Class ; *Social Dominance ; *Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Neurodegeneration. Huntington's research points to possible new therapies (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):43-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autophagy ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Corpus Striatum/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Peptides ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: Deregulation of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and diabetes. Akt/PKB activation requires the phosphorylation of Thr308 in the activation loop by the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and Ser473 within the carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic motif by an unknown kinase. We show that in Drosophila and human cells the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase and its associated protein rictor are necessary for Ser473 phosphorylation and that a reduction in rictor or mammalian TOR (mTOR) expression inhibited an Akt/PKB effector. The rictor-mTOR complex directly phosphorylated Akt/PKB on Ser473 in vitro and facilitated Thr308 phosphorylation by PDK1. Rictor-mTOR may serve as a drug target in tumors that have lost the expression of PTEN, a tumor suppressor that opposes Akt/PKB activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarbassov, D D -- Guertin, David A -- Ali, Siraj M -- Sabatini, David M -- R01 AI47389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1098-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Immunoprecipitation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; RNA Interference ; Serine/metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    What constitutes a proper description? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Timm, Robert M -- Ramey, Rob Roy 2nd -- Nomenclature Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2163-6; author reply 2163-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercocebus/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; Photography ; Tanzania ; *Terminology as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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