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  • Articles  (121,000)
  • 2000-2004  (121,000)
  • 2003  (121,000)
  • Physics  (117,915)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (7,587)
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  • Articles  (121,000)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Bismuth Sodium Titanate Nanosized Powders by Solution/Sol–Gel Process (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 (BNT) is a prominent candidate for a lead-free piezoelectric material. In this study, BNT was synthesized using the solution/sol–gel method, in which a solution of Bi2O3 and Na2CO3 was dissolved in HNO3 as starting materials. The solution then was mixed with ethylene glycol and titanium tetraisopropoxide. The obtained BNT powder was analyzed using FT-IR, DTA-TG, Raman spectroscopy, and high-temperature XRD. Results showed that BNT crystallization occurred above 600°C. TEM investigation showed that 100–200 nm BNT particles were formed by heat-treating the sol–gel-derived BNT sol at 700°C for 6 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03497.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressureless Sintering of Boron Carbide (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: B4C powder compacts were sintered using a graphite dilatometer in flowing He under constant heating rates. Densification started at 1800°C. The rate of densification increased rapidly in the range 1870°–2010°C, which was attributed to direct B4C–B4C contact between particles permitted via volatilization of B2O3 particle coatings. Limited particle coarsening, attributed to the presence or evolution of the oxide coatings, occurred in the range 1870°–1950°C. In the temperature range 2010°–2140°C, densification continued at a slower rate while particles simultaneously coarsened by evaporation–condensation of B4C. Above 2140°C, rapid densification ensued, which was interpreted to be the result of the formation of a eutectic grain boundary liquid, or activated sintering facilitated by nonstoichiometric volatilization of B4C, leaving carbon behind. Rapid heating through temperature ranges in which coarsening occurred fostered increased densities. Carbon doping (3 wt%) in the form of phenolic resin resulted in more dense sintered compacts. Carbon reacted with B2O3 to form B4C and CO gas, thereby extracting the B2O3 coatings, permitting sintering to start at ∼1350°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03498.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additive-Enhanced Redispersion of Ceramic Agglomerates (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Deagglomeration of ceramic powders is usually accomplished by immersion of powders in a surfactant-containing liquid vehicle, followed by milling. We seek alternative mechanisms to the classical milling approach by generating a chemical pressure to break up the agglomerate. This study explores the enhanced redispersion of TiO2 ceramic compacts that contain a nonionic water-soluble polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). PEG forms a polymer solution within the agglomerated structure during redispersion. The resulting osmotic pressure gradient forces water into the porous structure and creates a tensile stress on the particle network with magnitudes as high as 0.6 MPa. Thus, the principle to achieving redispersion is to develop osmotic pressures that exceed the cohesive strength of the agglomerated structure. A critical PEG concentration of 2.0 vol% PEG 400 with respect to titania has been determined, below which redispersion is minimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03501.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wet-Chemical Routes Leading to Scandia Nanopowders (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two wet-chemical routes have been used to synthesize Sc2O3 nanopowders from nitrate solutions employing ammonia water (AW) and ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) as the precipitants. The precursors and the resultant oxides are characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffractometry, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Crystalline γ-ScOOH·nH2O (n≈ 0.5) is the only phase obtained by the AW method. This phase dehydrates to Sc2O3 at ∼400°C, yielding hard aggregated nanocrystalline Sc2O3 powders. Three types of precursors have been synthesized by the AHC method, depending on the AHC/Sc3+ molar ratio (R): amorphous basic carbonate [Sc(OH)CO3·H2O] at R≤ 3, crystalline double carbonate [(NH4)Sc(CO3)2·H2O] at R≥ 4, and a mixture of the two phases at 3 〈 R 〈 4. Among these precursors, only the basic carbonate shows spherical particle morphology, ultrafine particle size (∼50 nm), and weak agglomeration. Sc2O3 nanopowders (∼28 nm) with high surface area (∼49 m2/g) have been prepared by calcining the basic carbonate at 700°C for 2 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03502.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton Conductivity in Zr4+-Ion-Doped P2O5–SiO2 Porous Glasses (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of zirconium ions on glass structure and proton conductivity was investigated for sol-gel-derived P2O5–SiO2 glasses. Porous glasses were prepared through hydrolysis of PO(OCH3)3, Zr(OC4H9)4, and Si(OC2H5)4. Chemical bonding of the P5+ ions was characterized using 31P-NMR spectra. The phosphorous ions, occurring as PO(OH)3 in the ZrO2-free glass, were polymerized with one or two bridging oxygen ions per PO4 unit with increased ZrO2 content. The chemical stability of these glasses was increased significantly on the addition of ZrO2, but the conductivity gradually decreased from 26 to 12 mS/cm at room temperature for 10P2O5·7ZrO2·83SiO2 glass. A fuel cell was constructed using 10P2O5·5ZrO2·85SiO2 glass as the electrolyte; a power of ∼4.5 mW/cm2 was attained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03504.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersing Behavior of Hydroxyapatite Powders Produced by Wet-Chemical Synthesis (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three hydroxyapatite powders with different surface properties were produced by wet-chemical synthesis and characterized. The electrokinetic properties of powders dispersed in water were investigated by electroacoustic spectroscopy measurements. The different surface reactivity (pHiep and ζ potential versus pH curves) was related to the interplay of dissolution and adsorption of Ca2+ ions. With a view toward the preparation of porous bodies by sponge impregnation, the behavior of powder suspensions was studied. Four deflocculants were tested, and the optimum dispersing conditions for each powder were found. Anionic polyelectrolytes resulted in the best effective dispersing agent, with different optimum amounts added to the suspensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03510.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zeolite Synthesized by Alkaline Hydrothermal Treatment of Bottom Ash from Combustion of Municipal Solid Wastes (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The conversion of bottom ash from fluidized-bed combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) to zeolite, by means of alkaline hydrothermal treatment (HT), in 1M NaOH solution, is presented in this work. The transformation of the bottom ash was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, surface area (BET-N2), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. As a result of the HT at 100°C, Na6[AlSiO4]6·4H2O, of the structural family of zeolites, together with Ca3AlFe(SiO4)(OH)8, of the structural family of hydrogarnets, began to appear; the surface area of the bottom ash increased 11 times. At 150°C, the amount of Na6[AlSiO4]6·4H2O increased and andradite, hydroxylian (Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3−x(OH)4−x), of the structural family of garnet, was formed. After 200°C of HT, Na6[AlSiO4]6·4H2O was massively formed together with aluminum tobermorite (Ca5Si5Al(OH)O17·5H2O); Ca3AlFe(SiO4)(OH)8 decreased. The surface area of the bottom ash increased 13 times. The conversion of bottom ash in zeolite is considered of great significance, opening new opportunities for stabilization and applications of this type of waste. Zeolite and also the other compounds—aluminum tobermorite, andradite, and Ca3AlFe(SiO4)(OH)8—can substitute a variety of ionic species, which allows the bottom ash to be useful for immobilizing toxic and radioactive wastes. An equivalent study was conducted in water instead of NaOH as a reference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03509.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CeO2−CoO Phase Diagram (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Phase equilibria in the CeO2−CoO system at temperatures above 1500°C were investigated. The microstructures and the phase compositions of the DTA (differential thermal analysis) samples and the quenched solid pellets were analyzed using SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray), and WDX (wavelength dispersive X-ray). A eutectic reaction was found at 1645 ± 5°C. The eutectic point was calculated to be at 82 ± 1.5 mol% CoO. The eutectic phases were the CeO2-rich phase (containing 〈5 mol% CoO) and the CoO-rich phase (containing ∼0.5 mol% CeO2). At 1580°C, the solubility of CoO in CeO2 was ∼3 mol%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03515.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yttrium Silicate Powders Produced by the Sol–Gel Method, Structural and Thermal Characterization (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Yttrium silicate (Y2SiO5) powders of high purity have been synthesized using the sol–gel method. Alkoxide precursors were used with commercial tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silica source and yttrium propoxide synthesized from YCl3. Powders calcined from the xerogel showed submicrometer crystal sizes. These powders were sintered at temperatures 〈1300°C and are suitable for coating applications such as a thermal barrier system for SiC/SiC composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03520.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the Retarded Solution-Reprecipitation Process to Attain a Higher Initial Permeability in MnZn Ferrites (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We investigated the effect of various amounts of liquid phase on microstructure development during sintering and the resulting magnetic permeability of MnZn ferrite (MZF) samples. Our results revealed that the microstructure and the final magnetic permeability depend on the thickness of the liquid-phase film during sintering. The solution-reprecipitation (S-R) process, which is associated with an intensive microstructure development in MZF, starts when a continuous liquid-phase film of critical thickness δo, which wets the MZF grains, is formed. The solid-state sintering that takes place before the formation of the continuous liquid-phase film is essential for the final microstructure of MZF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03522.x
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