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  • Articles  (146)
  • Amino Acid Sequence  (78)
  • *Biological Evolution  (69)
  • 2000-2004  (146)
  • 2003  (146)
  • Physics  (146)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • Articles  (146)
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  • 2000-2004  (146)
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  • 1
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    Evolution. Climb every mountain? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elena, Santiago F -- Sanjuan, Rafael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2074-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain. sfelena@ibmcp.upv.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlamydomonas/physiology ; Darkness ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Light ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/genetics/*physiology ; RNA Viruses/physiology ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Adaptation limits diversification of experimental bacterial populations (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: Adaptation to a specific niche theoretically constrains a population's ability to subsequently diversify into other niches. We tested this theory using the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, which diversifies into niche specialists when propagated in laboratory microcosms. Numerically dominant genotypes were allowed to diversify in isolation. As predicted, populations increased in fitness through time but showed a greatly decreased ability to diversify. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that niche generalists and reductions in intrinsic evolvability were not responsible for our data. These results show that niche specialization may come with a cost of reduced potential to diversify.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buckling, Angus -- Wills, Matthew A -- Colegrave, Nick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. bssagjb@bath.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    A C. elegans CLIC-like protein required for intracellular tube formation and maintenance (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: The Caenorhabditis elegans excretory canal is composed of a single elongated and branched cell that is tunneled by an inner lumen of apical character. Loss of the exc-4 gene causes a cystic enlargement of this intracellular tube. exc-4 encodes a member of the chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) family of proteins. EXC-4 protein localizes to various tubular membranes in distinct cell types, including the lumenal membrane of the excretory tubes. A conserved 55-amino acid domain enables EXC-4 translocation from the cytosol to the lumenal membrane. The tubular architecture of this membrane requires EXC-4 for both its formation and maintenance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berry, Katherine L -- Bulow, Hannes E -- Hall, David H -- Hobert, Oliver -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/*embryology/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Chloride Channels/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Reporter ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/*metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Pinocytosis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Vacuoles/*metabolism/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Cell biology. In sex reversal, protein deterred by nuclear barrier (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sreenivasan, Aparna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2050.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/*etiology/genetics/metabolism ; Gonads/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Nuclear Pore/metabolism ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Protein Binding ; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein ; *Transcription Factors ; beta Karyopherins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Paleontology. Marsupial origins (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cifelli, Richard L -- Davis, Brian M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1899-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA. rlc@ou.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; China ; *Fossils ; *Mammals/classification/genetics/physiology ; *Marsupialia/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology ; Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    An Early Cretaceous tribosphenic mammal and metatherian evolution (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Derived features of a new boreosphenidan mammal from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China suggest that it has a closer relationship to metatherians (including extant marsupials) than to eutherians (including extant placentals). This fossil dates to 125 million years ago and extends the record of marsupial relatives with skeletal remains by 50 million years. It also has many foot structures known only from climbing and tree-living extant mammals, suggesting that early crown therians exploited diverse niches. New data from this fossil support the view that Asia was likely the center for the diversification of the earliest metatherians and eutherians during the Early Cretaceous.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Ji, Qiang -- Wible, John R -- Yuan, Chong-Xi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1934-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. luoz@carnegiemuseums.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; China ; Dentition ; *Fossils ; Geography ; Locomotion ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; *Marsupialia/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Paleodontology ; Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Invertebrate paleontology. Gutsy fossil sets record for staying the course (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crustacea/*anatomy & histology/classification ; *Fossils ; Great Britain ; Paleontology ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    An ostracode crustacean with soft parts from the Lower Silurian (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: An exceptionally well-preserved ostracode from the Silurian of Herefordshire, United Kingdom, provides a rare view of the fossilized soft-part anatomy of this important group of living crustaceans and confirms that Ostracoda were extant in the Paleozoic. The fossil has striking similarity to the extant myodocopid family Cylindroleberididae, to which it is assigned, and demonstrates remarkable evolutionary stasis over 425 million years. The fossil is identified as a male on the basis of its copulatory organ.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siveter, David J -- Sutton, Mark D -- Briggs, Derek E G -- Siveter, Derek J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. djs@leicester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crustacea/*anatomy & histology/classification ; *Fossils ; Great Britain ; Paleontology ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Redox regulation of germline and vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: In vitro studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidation of signaling molecules are important mediators of signal transduction. We have identified two pathways by which the altered redox chemistry of the clk-1 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans acts in vivo on germline development. One pathway depends on the oxidation of an analog of vertebrate low density lipoprotein (LDL) and acts on the germline through the Ack-related tyrosine kinase (ARK-1) kinase and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signaling. The other pathway is the oncogenic ras signaling pathway, whose action on germline as well as vulval development appears to be modulated by cytoplasmic ROS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shibata, Yukimasa -- Branicky, Robyn -- Landaverde, Irene Oviedo -- Hekimi, Siegfried -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1779-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1B1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenotype ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Vulva/growth & development ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Ecological adaptation during incipient speciation revealed by precise gene replacement (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: To understand the role of adaptation in speciation, one must characterize the ecologically relevant phenotypic effects of naturally occurring alleles at loci potentially causing reproductive isolation. The desaturase2 gene of Drosophila melanogaster is such a locus. Two geographically differentiated ds2 alleles underlie a pheromonal difference between the Zimbabwe and Cosmopolitan races. We used a site-directed gene replacement technique to introduce an allele of ds2 from the Zimbabwe population into Cosmopolitan flies. We show that the Cosmopolitan allele confers resistance to cold as well as susceptibility to starvation when the entire genetic background is otherwise identical. We conclude that ecological adaptation likely accompanies sexual isolation between the two behavioral races of D. melanogaster.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenberg, Anthony J -- Moran, Jennifer R -- Coyne, Jerry A -- Wu, Chung-I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1754-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Africa ; Alkadienes/analysis ; Alkenes/analysis ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Caribbean Region ; Cold Temperature ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology/*genetics/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Fatty Acid Desaturases/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, Insect ; Genotype ; Male ; Phenotype ; Pheromones/physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Species Specificity ; Starvation ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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