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  • Articles  (20,527)
  • 2000-2004  (20,527)
  • 2002  (20,527)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (20,527)
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  • Articles  (20,527)
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  • 2000-2004  (20,527)
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Journal
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel Method for Obtaining Corundum Layers of High Surface Area on Ceramic Supports for High-Temperature Catalysis (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The surface of an aluminosilicate ceramic was transformed to a corundum layer of high specific surface area by heating at 1300°–1450°C in a controlled reducing atmosphere. This procedure selectively reduced and volatilized the silica of the glass and mullite, and the alumina of the mullite formed a layer of corundum crystals with a thickness of ≤20 μm and a specific surface area of ≤16 m2/g. Specific surface area remained stable at 10.5 m2/g after prolonged heating at 1300°C in air, and at 8.5 m2/g at 1450°C. These materials are well suited for use as catalyst supports in applications such as catalytic combustion at temperatures in this range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00359.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibrium Shape of Internal Cavities in Ruby and the Effect of Surface Energy Anisotropy on the Equilibrium Shape (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Cavities formed in ruby (99.46Al2O3·0.54Cr2O3) by the healing and annealing of indentation cracks at 1600°C are more equiaxed than similar cavities in sapphire. Surface energies for the observed facet planes (R, S, and A) relative to the surface energy of the basal plane, C, were γA/C= 1.00 ± 0.03, γR/C= 1.05 ± 0.07, and γS/C= 1.02 ± 0.04, with the uncertainty representing 95% confidence limits. Thus, the surface energies of all observed facets were statistically indistinguishable. Unlike sapphire, P-plane facets were not observed. The substantial rounding of the cavities in ruby indicated that portions of the Wulff shape were above the roughening transition temperature. Thus, even though Cr2O3 and Al2O3 form ideal solutions, Cr3+ ions are sufficiently surface active to modify the relative free energy of the surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00362.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and Aging Behavior of Chemical-Solution-Deposited (Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3)1-x–(PbTiO3)x Thin Films without Seeding Layers (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aging behavior of the solid-solution series (Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3)1−x–(PbTiO3)x (PMN1−x−PTx) prepared by chemical-solution deposition without seeding layers was investigated. A strong influence of the rapid thermal annealing step on the film density was determined. The best nucleation and density of the thin films occurred when each deposited layer was separately pyrolyzed and crystallized. The thin-film microstructure was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Conventional capacitance-voltage and hysteresis measurements were performed. For the first time, investigations on the fatigue performance and the leakage current for alternating-current and direct-current voltage were executed, which are important for the reliability in device applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00366.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of Uranium in Zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7) (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Up to 0.15 formula unit (f.u.) of U4+ incorporated in the Zr site of zirconolite by firing CaUxZr(1−x)Ti2O7 compositions in argon at 1400°C allows retention of the 2M polytype. Further U4+ substitution for Zr, up to 0.4 f.u., produces the 4M polytype (containing ∼0.4 f.u. of U) plus the 2M polytype containing 0.15 f.u. of U. The pyrochlore structure (containing 0.6 f.u. of U) forms in conjunction with the 4M polytype at U contents of 0.4 f.u. up to 0.7 f.u. Higher U contents give the pyrochlore structure, but the solid-state reactivity of even alkoxide-based preparations becomes increasingly poor for x 〉 ∼0.7 and hot pressing in graphite dies at ∼1250°C is necessary to achieve near single-phase pyrochlore structures for x= 1. When samples of CaUxZr1−xTi2O7 stoichiometry (x= 0.1 and 0.2) are oxidized at 1400°C in air, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) shows evidence for U5+ formation at the expense of U4+ via enhanced absorption bands, ∼50 nm in half-width, near 970 and 1500 nm and correspondingly weakened absorption at 1150 and 1660 nm. Weight gains consistent with complete oxidation of U4+ to U5+ are observed when finely powdered argon-fired samples with x= 0.1 and 0.4 are heated in air to 1200°C. Evidence for U valence states higher than +4 in both argon- and air-heated materials containing charge compensators to encourage U5+ or U6+ formation was also derived from DRS (showing U5+ in particular), and XANES. DRS shows weak absorption bands attributable to U4+ in zirconolites containing ∼0.2 f.u. of U incorporated in the Ca site via Mg or Al substitutions in the Ti sites, with the spectrum being closely but not exactly similar to that attributed to U4+ in the Zr site. Zirconolite and pyrochlore compositions which are melted at 1500° or 1550°C in argon and furnace-cooled yield broadly similar phase assemblages to the corresponding sintered materials, but there is evidence of incongruent melting in all materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00364.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Properties of Porous Single-Phase β′-SiAlON Ceramics (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Single-phase β′-SiAlON (Si6−zAlzOzN8−z, z= 0–4.2) ceramics with porous structure have been prepared by pressureless sintering of powder mixtures of á-Si3N4, AlN, and Al2O3 of the SiAlON compositions. A solution of AlN and Al2O3 into Si3N4 resulted in the β′-SiAlON, and full densification was prohibited because no other sintering additives were used. Relative densities ranging from 50%–90% were adjusted with the z-value and sintering temperature. The results of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that single-phase β′-SiAlON free from a grain boundary glassy phase could be obtained. Both grain and pore sizes increased with increasing z-value. Low z-value resulted in a relatively high flexural strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00370.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence Probing of the Formation of Titanium Dioxide Sols from a Titanium Peroxide Solution (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to probe the formation of colloidal TiO2 sols from a titanium peroxide solution, which were prepared by reaction of H2O2 and titanium hydrate gel that was precipitated from acidic TiOCl2 solution neutralized by NH4OH, during aging at 100°C for 0–64 h. Emission spectra revealed broad band luminescence which is interpreted as the superposition of a multiple photoluminescence process involving TiO2 precursors. The maximum peak position of the luminescence band was shifted to a shorter wavelength by the generation of the dominant emission peak as aging time increased, and a peak at ∼390 nm, indicating the anatase phase, was observed after aging for 〉48 h. However, sols aged for 2 h already were of the anatase phase, according to X-ray diffraction analysis. It was deduced that the interfacial layers between the particles and the liquid in an aqueous solution caused luminescence quenching or accelerated sink.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00373.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films on Textured Silver Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of deposition conditions on the growth of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films on textured silver substrates using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was investigated. The crystalline structure of the YSZ film depended strongly on the deposition conditions, such as substrate temperature and deposition time. YSZ films prepared at 750°C using β-diketone chelate sources, which had an orientation of c-axis normal to the textured silver substrate surface. The YSZ surface was dense but not rough, and the YSZ film grew granular-like. The cross-sectional image of YSZ film showed the columnar growth feature; the growth rate was ∼20 nm/min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00376.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of Ceramic–Polymer Photonic Crystals by Stereolithography and Their Microwave Properties (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three-dimensional photonic crystals with periodic variations in the dielectric constant were fabricated using a stereolithographic rapid prototyping method. The structures were composed of millimeter-scale ordered epoxy lattices in which ceramic particles with high dielectric constants (such as silica and titania) were dispersed. These crystals were designed to reflect microwaves via the formation of photonic band gaps in a gigahertz range. The attenuation of transmission amplitude through the photonic crystals, which was measured as a function of frequency using a network analyzer, clearly showed the formation of band gaps in the microwave range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00281.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing and Characterization of Bulk Chalcogenide Glasses Used for Waveguide Applications (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chalcogenide glasses (ChG) are of interest due to their optical and electronic properties for use in waveguide applications. To assess expected uniformity in films deposited from bulk glass starting materials, the extent of parent bulk glass property variation was evaluated. Resulting structural and optical properties of melt-derived ChG's were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and spectrophotometric analysis. The influence of melt size, purification, and other melting conditions on sample homogeneity were quantified and within-melt property variation of bulk glass samples was found to be less than 5% for all parameters examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00282.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visible Frequency Thin Film Photonic Crystals from Colloidal Systems of Nanocrystalline Titania and Polystyrene Microspheres (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This work describes a simple and novel ceramic processing technique to form periodic ordered structures in ceramic materials with a uniform pore size distribution. This material shows photonic gaps at visible/near-IR wavelengths. Monodisperse colloidal polystyrene microspheres are self-organized into a crystalline structure of close-packed spheres in a suspension of nanocrystalline titania. The nanoparticle titania fills the intersphere region simultaneously during colloidal crystallization. Removal of the polystyrene microspheres by calcination at a temperature of 520°C results in a periodic porous structure with a high refractive index background material. Crystals having ordered regions, a few millimeters across with typical grain sizes of 50–70 μm, are grown as thin films on substrates including glass and silicon. Optical reflectivity measurements indicate peaks at the stop band wavelengths that scale with the pore size. Visual inspection and optical microscopy reveal uniform colored regions for crystals with periodicity comparable to visible wavelengths. Despite the presence of cracks resulting from drying and heat treatment as well as numerous grain boundaries, optical characterization clearly demonstrates a photonic band gap. Reflectance peaks due to a pseudogap can be shifted by application of high pressure. In the following sections we will describe the experimental procedure and discuss optical reflectance and transmission measurements that can reveal information about the crystals, namely, the lattice constant, the refractive index, and the filling fraction of the background material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00284.x
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