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  • Articles  (7,446)
  • Springer Nature  (7,362)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2000-2004  (7,446)
  • 1960-1964
  • 2001  (7,446)
  • Medicine  (7,446)
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  • Articles  (7,446)
Source
Publisher
Years
  • 2000-2004  (7,446)
  • 1960-1964
Year
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing the composition of intestinal microflora as a prospective treatment target in infant allergic disease (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We assessed the fecal microflora of 10 healthy infants and 27 infants with atopic eczema during breast-feeding and after weaning. The atopic infants had less frequently Gram-positive species among the most predominant aerobes and smaller total cell counts. Further differences were associated with more extensive manifestations, seen as higher bacteroides and lower bifidobacteria counts. Weaning resulted in decreased bacteroides counts in atopic and total cell counts in healthy infants and diminished predominance by bifidobacteria in both. In conclusion, the most prominent question raised by these data is whether Gram-positive bacteria may have distinctive importance in protection against atopic sensitization. Further studies aiming to answer this question are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00526.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probiotic Lactobacillus dose required to restore and maintain a normal vaginal flora (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Forty-two healthy women were randomized to receive one of three encapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 plus Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 probiotic dosage regimens or L. rhamnosus GG by mouth each day for 28 days. However, the vaginal flora, assessed by Nugent scoring, was only normal in 40% of the cases, and 14 patients had asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Treatment with L. rhamnosus GR-1/L. fermentum RC-14 once and twice daily correlated with a healthy vaginal flora in up to 90% of patients, and 7/11 patients with bacterial vaginosis converted to normal or intermediate scores within 1 month. Ingestion of L. rhamnosus GG failed to have an effect. This study confirms the potential efficacy of orally administered lactobacilli as a non-chemotherapeutic means to restore and maintain a normal urogenital flora, and shows that over 108 viable organisms per day is the required dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00531.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunomodulatory effects of dietary lipids alter host natural resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Over the past two decades, unsaturated fatty acids have received particular attention due to their ability to suppress immune functions. Nevertheless, suppression of immune functions also involves a reduction of host natural resistance to eliminate the infectious agents. We have analyzed the role of dietary lipids on immune functions in cells cultured with Listeria monocytogenes. Bactericidal efficiency of peritoneal cells from mice fed a fish oil diet against this bacterium was reduced and the incubation of peritoneal cells with polyunsaturated fatty acids led to similar results. The levels of superoxide radicals in the presence of L. monocytogenes increased in cells from mice fed olive oil or fish oil diets. Proteasome activity, a mechanism that participates in T cell activation, was inhibited in all of the dietary groups assayed in the presence of L. monocytogenes, but this inhibition was abolished in the presence of both MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) and L. monocytogenes. Overall, these results underline the potential role of fatty acids in the modulation of many functions of the immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00533.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial 1. (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00514.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon-β induction by Chlamydia pneumoniae in human smooth muscle cells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Clinical studies have suggested a causal or contributory role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in asthma and atherosclerosis. The activation of synthetic functions of smooth muscle cells (SMC) including the production of cytokines and growth factors plays a major role in the formation of fibrous atherosclerotic plaques as well as in structural remodelling of the airway wall in chronic asthma. In this study we demonstrated that C. pneumoniae induced the production of low levels of interferon (IFN)-β in bronchial and vascular SMC when infected cells were treated with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). IFN-β production was analysed by reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The upregulation of IFN-β was paralleled by an increase in mRNA levels of interferon regulatory factor-1 and interferon-stimulated gene factor 3γ, two transcription factors activating the expression of the IFN-β gene. In addition, C. pneumoniae infection enhanced the mRNA level of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an IFN-inducible factor mediating the restriction of intracellular chlamydial growth, in TNF-α-stimulated SMC. C. pneumoniae-induced IFN-β production by SMC may modulate inflammation and tissue remodelling during respiratory and vascular infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00527.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo expression of Neisseria meningitidis proteins homologous to the Haemophilus influenzae Hap and Hia autotransporters (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The genome sequences of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain MC58 and serogroup A strain Z2491 were systematically searched for open reading frames (ORFs) encoding autotransporters. Eight ORFs were identified, six of which were present in both genomes, whereas two were specific for MC58. Among the identified ORFs was the gene encoding the known autotransporter IgA1 protease. The deduced amino acid sequences of the other identified ORFs were homologous to known autotransporters and found to contain an N-terminal signal sequence and a C-terminal domain that could constitute a β-barrel in the outer membrane. The ORFs NMB1985 and NMB0992, encoding homologs of the Hap (for H aemophilusa dhesion and p enetration protein) and Hia (for H aemophilus i nfluenzaea dherence protein) autotransporters of H. influenzae, were cloned from serogroup B strain H44/76 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Western blots revealed that all sera of patients (n=14) and healthy carriers (n=3) tested contained antibodies against at least one of the recombinant proteins. These results indicate that both genes are widely distributed among N. meningitidis isolates and expressed during colonization and infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00534.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol consumption is associated with alterations in macrophage responses to interferon-γ and infection by Salmonella typhimurium (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abuse of ethanol (EtOH) by human beings and administration of EtOH to experimental animals has been shown to be associated with a suppression of the immune system. Consumption of EtOH has also been associated with an increased incidence and severity of infections of human beings and experimental animals, which has been attributed to the immunosuppression associated with EtOH consumption. It has been shown that EtOH also affects the function of macrophages (MØ), which are important effector cells in the innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious agents. The present studies were designed to investigate the effects of EtOH on MØ function with an animal model of EtOH consumption. The experiments reported in this paper were done with inflammatory MØ and were designed to determine the effects of EtOH on the ability of inflammatory MØ to respond to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to control the intracellular growth of Salmonella typhimurium, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. The ability of MØ from EtOH-fed mice to respond to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) and IFN-γ was also evaluated. MØ isolated from EtOH-fed mice did not respond as well to IFN-γ as MØ isolated from control mice as measured by control of S. typhimurium, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitric oxide production. Interleukin (IL)-6 production was not affected. Activation of MØ from EtOH-fed mice with LPS and IFN-γ produced levels of nitric oxide and TNF only slightly less than the levels seen in MØ from control mice, but a significant decrease in IL-6 was seen when MØ from EtOH-fed mice were stimulated with this combination. Flow cytometric analyses showed that IFN-γ receptor expression was not affected by EtOH. Together the data presented in this paper show that consumption of EtOH is associated with changes in inflammatory MØ responses to IFN-γ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00537.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of human clusterin by Staphylococcus epidermidis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: To hypothesise that Staphylococcus epidermidis may possess clusterin receptor(s), bacterial binding of human clusterin was determined. In a fluid phase, the binding was markedly influenced by culture medium and three out of 12 S. epidermidis strains grown on ISO-sensitest agar expressed clusterin-binding ability. S. epidermidis J9P, selected for further study, showed saturable binding of iodine-labelled clusterin, and the binding was only inhibited by unlabelled clusterin. The binding was sensitive to protease treatment. Scatchard plot indicated one single class of binding sites (Kd=104.2 nM). None of the S. epidermidis strains bound immobilised clusterin. These data imply that ligand–receptor interaction exists between S. epidermidis and clusterin in fluid phase, but the domain(s) recognised by bacteria may have been occluded when clusterin was adsorbed on a surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00520.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection of xenogeneic cells from human complement-mediated lysis by the expression of human DAF, CD59 and MCP (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: CD59 and membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) are widely expressed cell surface glycoproteins that protect host cells from the effect of homologous complement attack. cDNAs encoding human CD59 and MCP cloned from Chinese human embryo were separately transfected into NIH/3T3 cells resulting in the expression of human CD59 and MCP protein on the cell surface. The functional properties of expressed proteins were studied. When the transfected cells were exposed to human serum as a source of complement and naturally occurring anti-mouse antibody, they were resistant to human complement-mediated cell killing. However, the cells remained sensitive to rabbit and guinea pig complement. Human CD59 and MCP can only protect NIH/3T3 cells from human complement-mediated lysis. These results demonstrated that complement inhibitory activity of these proteins is species-selective. The cDNAs of CD59 and MCP were also separately transfected into the endothelial cells (ECs) of the pigs transgenic for the human DAF gene to investigate a putative synergistic action. The ECs expressing both DAF and MCP proteins or both DAF and CD59 proteins exhibited more protection against cytolysis by human serum compared to the cells with only DAF expressed alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00521.x
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