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  • Articles  (6)
  • ATPG  (6)
  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1955-1959
  • 2000  (6)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (6)
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  • Articles  (6)
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Years
  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 2000  (6)
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  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 16 (2000), S. 289-299 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: FPGA ; test ; ATPG ; iterative testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes an approach to minimize the number of test configurations for testing the logic cells of a RAM-based FPGA taking into account the configurability of such flexible device. The proposed approach concerns the XILINX 4000 family. On this example of FPGA, a bottom-up test technique is first used to generate test configurations for the elementary modules, then test configurations for a single logic cell, and finally test configurations for the m × m array of logic cells. In this bottom-up technique, it is shown that the key point is the minimization of the number of test configurations for a logic cell. An approach for the logic cell of the XILINX4000 family is then described to define a minimum number of test configurations knowing the test configurations of its logic modules. This approach gives only 5 test configurations for the XILINX4000 family while the previous published works concerning Boolean testing of this FPGA family gives 8 or 21 test configurations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 16 (2000), S. 319-327 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: static test set compaction ; support sets ; recurrence subsequence ; ATPG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Recent work observed that a subset of states are frequently visited during the simulation of a test set for a sequential circuit. Re-visiting a state implies that a cycle has been traversed in the state diagram. Removal of subsequence responsible for the cycle can lead to static compaction. The size of a cycle is the number of vectors in its subsequence. In this work, we extend the subsequence removal technique to provide significantly higher static compaction for sequential circuits. We show that state relaxation techniques can be used to identify more or larger cycles in a test set. State relaxation creates more opportunities for subsequence removal and hence, results in better compaction. Relaxation of a state is possible since not all memory elements in a finite state machine have to be specified for a state transition. The proposed technique has several advantages: (1) test sets that could not be compacted by existing subsequence removal techniques can now be compacted, (2) the size of cycles in a test set can be significantly increased by state relaxation and removal of the larger sized cycles leads to better compaction, (3) only two fault simulation passes are required as compared to trial and re-trial methods that require multiple fault simulation passes, and (4) significantly higher compaction is achieved in short execution times as compared to known subsequence removal methods. Experiments on ISCAS89 sequential benchmark circuits and several synthesized circuits show that the proposed technique consistently results in significantly higher compaction in short execution times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 16 (2000), S. 329-338 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: static test set compaction ; partitioning ; vector-reordering ; fault coverage curve ; ATPG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We propose a new static test set compaction method based on a careful examination of attributes of fault coverage curves. Our method is based on two key ideas: (1) fault-list and test-set partitioning, and (2) vector re-ordering. Typically, the first few vectors of a test set detect a large number of faults. The remaining vectors usually constitute a large fraction of the test set, but these vectors are included to detect relatively few hard faults. We show that significant compaction can still be achieved by partitioning faults into hard and easy faults, and compaction is performed only for the hard faults. This significantly reduces the computational cost for static test set compaction without affecting quality of compaction. The second key idea re-orders vectors in a test set by moving sequences that detect hard faults to the beginning of the test set. Fault simulation of the newly concatenated re-ordered test set results in the omission of several vectors so that the compact test set is smaller than the original test set. Experiments on several ISCAS 89 sequential benchmark circuits and large production circuits show that our compaction procedure yields significant test set reductions in low execution times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 16 (2000), S. 91-106 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: functional verification ; equivalence ; logic checking ; formal ; BDD ; ATPG ; combinational ; MET
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We present our formal combinational logic equivalence checking methods for industry-sized circuits. Our methods employ functional (OBDDs) algorithms for decisions on logic equivalence and structural (ATPG) algorithms to quickly identify inequivalence. The complimentary strengths of the two types of algorithms result in a significant reduction in CPU time. Our methods also involve analytical and empirical heuristics whose impact on performance for industrial designs is considerable. The combination of OBDDs, ATPG, and our heuristics resulted in a decrease in CPU time of up to 80% over OBDDs alone for the circuits we tested. In addition, we describe an algorithm for automatically determining the correspondence between storage elements in the designs being compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 16 (2000), S. 121-130 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: custom circuits ; ATPG ; high level circuit extraction ; DFT ; time-to-market
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Custom circuits, in contrast to those synthesized by automatic tools, are manually designed blocks of which the performance is critical to the full chip operation. Testing these blocks represents a major challenge and thus a crucial time-to-market factor in today's PowerPC microprocessor design environment. This paper investigates various methodologies for testing custom blocks. Issues of efficiently obtaining proper circuit models for ATPG tools as well as producing quality tests will be analyzed and discussed. Tradeoffs among various methods will be analyzed and compared. Experience and results based on recent PowerPC microprocessors will be reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 16 (2000), S. 513-520 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: VLSI ; FPGA ; test ; ATPG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the problem of testing the configurable modules used in the local interconnect of SRAM-based FPGAs. First, it is demonstrated that a n address bit Configurable Interface Multiplexer requires N = 2 n test configurations considering a stuck-at as well as a functional fault model. Second, a logic cell with a set of k input Configurable Interface Modules with n address bits is analyzed and it is proven that the set of CIMs can be tested in parallel making the number of required test configurations equal to N = 2 n . Third, it is shown that the complete circuit i.e. a m × m array of sets of k Configurable Interface Multiplexers with n address bits can be tested with only N = 2 n test configurations using the XOR tree and shift register structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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