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  • Articles  (3,042)
  • Springer  (2,852)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (190)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2000-2004  (3,042)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1935-1939
  • 2000  (3,042)
  • Economics  (3,042)
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  • 2000-2004  (3,042)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACCOUNTING FOR NONMARKET HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION WITHIN A NATIONAL ACCOUNTS FRAMEWORK (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The satellite accounts illustrated in this paper reflect the household's role as a producer and an investor in durables as well as a consumer by modifying the NIPA's to (1) incorporate the value of nonmarket (unpaid) household work into GDP; and (2) treat expenditures on consumer durables as investment and measure the value of the services those durables provide. Additionally, an Input–Output (I–O) model highlights the household's functions as a producer and investor in much greater detail for the year 1992 by incorporating a household industry for each time-use activity and by showing the inputs to and outputs from each household industry's production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00844.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GROWTH, POVERTY, AND INEQUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA: A CAUSAL ANALYSIS, 1970–94 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Taking advantage of consistent poverty and income inequality data for 12 Latin American countries between 1970 and 1994, we analyze the determinants of changes in the incidence of urban and rural poverty and in Gini coefficients over spells of years, stressing in particular the role of aggregate income growth. We find that income growth reduces urban and rural poverty but not inequality. We also find that income growth is more effective in reducing urban poverty if the levels of inequality and poverty are lower, and the levels of secondary education higher. We show that there is an asymmetry in the impact of growth on poverty and inequality, with recession having strong negative effects on both poverty and inequality. Since growth does not reduce inequality, economic cycles create ratchet effects on the level of inequality. However, post-structural adjustment growth is quite effective at reducing poverty, particularly if inequality is low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00843.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DOMINANCE TESTING OF TRANSFERS IN ROMANIA (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper we compare the progressivity of different government transfers made to households in Romania. We use distribution free standard errors to examine the difference between concentration curves that may be correlated, and thereafter employ statistical tests that take into account the covariance matrix for the ordinate estimates. In addition, we estimate extended Gini coefficients for the same transfers to check their consistency with the tests of inequality dominance. The results show that almost all transfer payments in Romania are progressive, and that they have an important effect on the distribution of income. Rankings among different transfer payments are, however, not robust. In particular, sensitivity analysis using different household equivalence scales indicates that many results are not consistent across scales, and that lower size elasticities contribute to changes in ranking of Ginis and loss of statistical significance in dominance tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00845.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NATIONAL ACCOUNTS ESTIMATION USING INDICATOR RATIOS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We propose a new approach to national accounts compilation, which also serves as a formalization of current compilation practices. When formalizing the procedure, a distinction is made between (basic) data, national accounts identities and so-called indicator ratios. The latter are ratios of or percentage relations between national accounts variables, such as the relation between output and value added. Indicator ratios are currently used in national accounts compilation practices in order to make adjustments to the basic data or to fill in missing data. The latter use is particularly relevant when basic data are scarce, which is the case not only in many developing countries, but also in developed countries when annual accounts are compiled for recent periods. The (basic) data, indicator ratios and identities together are used in a Bayesian approach to estimate the values of national accounts variables and analytical indicator ratios based thereon. The amendment of the current practices consists in introducing reliability intervals of basic data and indicator ratios, which allows for the use of a much larger number of indicator ratios in the compilation and checking of national accounts data. The Bayesian compilation approach makes it possible–in contrast to current practices–to use indicator ratios both as priors and as analytical indicators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00846.x
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  • 5
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    GROWTH AND INEQUALITY: A REVIEW ARTICLE (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00849.x
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  • 6
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    THE CHARACTERIZATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The definitions of goods and services have been debated among economists for more than two centuries. This article seeks to consider the definitions currently used from a critical perspective and to offer a new general definition of services that is compatible with the existence of several demand rationales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00848.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    MEASURING NEW ZEALAND'S GDP 1865–1933: A COINTEGRATION-BASED APPROACH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Official and semi-official estimates of New Zealand's national income are available on an annual basis for the years since 1932. Retrospective, non-official, estimates are available from 1859. Chiefly these are constructed following Doblin's (1951) pioneering use of money stock data, velocity, and the implications of the Quantity Theory of Money, and include the estimates of Hawke (1975), Rankin (1992) and Cashin (1995).This paper estimates New Zealand real GDP per capita with monetary data using valid, intervention-free, cointegration methods. The new measures avoid the ad hoc adjustments found in Rankin (1992), yet unlike Cashin (1995), they incoporate specific New Zealand monetary features. The new time series conform well with independent benchmarks and the historiography of the pre-1914 period. Alternatively, they suggest an interpretation of New Zealand's growth experience for years around World War One which differs from that of Australia, and from the findings of Rankin (1992) and Cashin (1995).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00847.x
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  • 8
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    CALL FOR PAPERS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00850.x
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  • 9
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    FALLING LABOR INCOME INEQUALITY IN KOREA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH: PATTERNS AND UNDERLYING CAUSES (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Over the last twenty-five years, the economy of the Republic of Korea achieved a remarkable growth rate of 7 percent per year in real per capita income, causing it to be labeled, justifiably, as a “miracle economy.” This exceptional economic growth has beenpp accompanied by an even more exceptional fall m labor income inequality. Using a newly-developed methodology, we use data from Korea's Occupational Wage Surveys to quantify the importance of various factors that have contributed to the fall in labor income inequality in Korea. We find the most important factors explaining the level of income inequality are job tenure, gender, years of education, and occupation, while those that are most important in explaining the change in income inequality are years of education, industry, occupation, and potential experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00952.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINES: A NEW APPROACH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When measuring poverty over time analysts must choose the value of the income elasticity of the poverty line, which essentially determines whether an absolute or relative poverty line is being used. The choice of this parameter is ultimately a value judgement, but this paper suggests an approach which has some empirical basis. Borrowing from the life-style and deprivation approach to poverty, various dimensions of poverty and deprivation are identified and the income elasticity of these items is used as the income elasticity of the poverty line. Data from the 1987 and 1994 Irish Household Budget Surveys suggest an upper bound of 0.7 for this parameter. Poverty measures using a number of values of the income elasticity of the poverty line are presented and test statistics are presented to determine whether observed differences in poverty measures are statistically significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00954.x
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  • 11
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    POVERTY INDICES AND POLICY ANALYSIS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Our aim in this paper is to show how recent developments in the theory and methods of poverty measurement can be applied to provide more accurate descriptions of poverty trends to the typical consumers of these statistics—policy analysts, policy-makers and their critics. Since Amartya Sen's (1976) classic critique of the “headcount” approach to poverty measurement, considerable progress has been made in constructing axiomatically-driven measures of “poverty intensity.” These measures have had little influence outside the small world of experts who devised them largely because their mathematical representation has made their meaning obscure to potential users. We focus on the Sen-Shorrocks-Thon (SST) index and its elaboration by Osberg and Xu which provides the information contained in the index in a format that is easily accessible within traditional categories of poverty analysis. The SST index and its decomposition provide an analytical framework for discussing the underlying components of aggregate trends that allows for unambiguous answers to the usual policy-related questions concerning the components of change as well as their magnitude and direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00953.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    PRICE HETEROGENEITY AND “REAL” INEQUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF PRICES AND POVERTY IN RURAL SOUTH INDIA (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper, based upon a case-study of three Indian villages, studies whether households within the same market pay different prices for identical goods. It is found that not only are unit prices for food heterogeneous, but that the poor pay more for the same goods than the rich. This is because liquidity constraints force poorer households to purchase goods in small quantities and consequently subject them to quantity premiums. Household specific index numbers are used to adjust nominal incomes to real values and it is found that Gini coefficients of real incomes are between 12 percent to 23 percent greater than the Gim for nominal incomes. An econometric analysis of the determinants of prices shows that incomes are negatively correlated with prices, as is family size, but that the amount of land owned shows a positive relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00955.x
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  • 13
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    THE HAND OF HISTORY AND THE EQUITY-LEGITIMACY NEXUS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00958.x
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  • 14
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    BULGARIA'S NATIONAL INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1913–45 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The article concerns Bulgarian statisticians' work on accounting of national income within the first half of the 20th century. Basic concepts of these authors are described, and aggregate data sets derived by them presented. The trend of economic growth in Bulgaria is analyzed, mainly from 1924 to 1945. The statistics of industrial and agricultural change, as well as the foreign trade activity are considered. An historical interpretation of that change is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00957.x
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  • 15
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    INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN INCOME AND WEALTH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00959.x
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  • 16
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    HIGH AND LOW EARNINGS JOBS: THE FORTUNES OF EMPLOYERS AND WORKERS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The focus of the literature on the effect of job changes has been on the consequences of job destruction on the individual worker. In this paper we analyze the impact on the earnings distribution of both job creation and job destruction. We establish a link between job reallocation and the movement of workers into and out of the tails of the earnings distribution. Both job creating and job destroying employers shed jobs mostly from the middle and lower tails of the earnings distribution, although this is cyclically very sensitive. Labor mobility (triggered by job reallocation) is risky: mobile workers will generally end up in the upper or lower tail of the distribution rather than in the middle. If workers move across industry boundaries, they typically move to the lower tails of the distribution. In sum, the fortunes of workers depend on the fortunes of their employers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00956.x
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  • 17
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    ACCOUNTING FOR RESOURCE DEPLETION: A MICROECONOMIC APPROACH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The theoretical basis of a practical method of accounting for depletion of mineral resources is presented. Rent rises at the rate of interest, but depletion does not. Rent is equal to the sum of depletion and depreciation less any opportunity cost of present production as compared to waiting. Depletion follows a path which is dependent on the depreciation formula chosen by the accountant. The approach is compared to the methods proposed by the BEA in 1994.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00389.x
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  • 18
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    Public and Private Pension Spending: Principles, Practice and the Need for Reform (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 21 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper surveys the issue of public spending on pensions. Drawing on evidence from systems around the world, but particularly in Britain, we outline the arguments for different types of public and private provision of pension income and consider how far they go towards meeting the objectives of pension provision. We discuss past trends in spending and look at future projections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2000.tb00579.x
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  • 19
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    Child Support Reform: Some Analysis of the 1999 White Paper (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 21 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper uses a sample of lone mothers (and former lone mothers who are now repartnered) drawn from the 1997 Family Resources Survey to analyse the potential effects of reforming the UK system of child support. The main deficiency of the data is that non-resident fathers cannot be matched to the mothers in the data, and this is overcome by exploiting information from another dataset which gives the joint distribution of the characteristics of separated parents. The effects of reforming the child support system are simulated for the amount of maintenance liabilities, the amount paid and the net incomes of households containing mothers-with-care and of households containing non-resident fathers. The likely effects of the reform are simulated at various levels of compliance. The analysis highlights the need for further research into the incentive effects of child support on individual behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2000.tb00582.x
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  • 20
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    INCOME INEQUALITY IN GERMANY DURING THE 1980s AND 1990s (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper estimates a variety of inequality measures for three sub-samples of the German population using cross-sectional data on equivalent income from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). The sub-populations under consideration are residents of West Germany including foreigners for the years 1984 to 1996, residents of East Germany for the years 1990 to 1996 and a comprehensive German population for the years 1990 to 1996. Bootstrap methods are applied to test whether changes in inequality are statistically significant. In order to account for panel attrition and over-sampling, sample weights are incorporated into the estimation procedure. The empirical results confirm the relative stability of the West German income distribution. While income inequality in West Germany has generally not altered in an economically relevant way over the period 1985 to 1996, inequality in East Germany has increased after reunification. Despite this increase, inequality remains substantially higher in the western part of the country. Convergence of eastern mean income to the western level generally overcompensated the rise in inequality in East Germany, so that the level of inequality in unified Germany is lower in 1996 than in 1990.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00388.x
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  • 21
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    MEASURING POVERTY AND DEPRIVATION IN SOUTH AFRICA (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper compares a standard expenditure-based poverty measure with a specifically created composite measure of deprivation using household survey data from South Africa. While there is a strong overall correlation between expenditures and levels of deprivation, the correlation is much weaker among the worst-off South Africans. In addition, the two measures differ considerably in the impact of race, headship, location (urban, rural), and household size on expenditure poverty versus deprivation. In general, the deprivation measure finds more Africans, rural dwellers, members of de facto female-headed households, and members of smaller households deprived than expenditure poor. Only the differences in the effect of household size on poverty are sensitive to assumptions about equivalence scales. As a result, the two measures diverge greatly in identifying the poorest and most deprived sections of the population, which may have considerable consequences for targeting.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00390.x
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  • 22
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    PENSION WEALTH AT MIDLIFE:COMPARING SELF-REPORTS WITH PROVIDER DATA (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper evaluates the accuracy of estimates of pension wealth based on self-reports by comparing them to estimates based on provider data. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we found that few workers are well informed about their future pension benefits. Self-reports were often incomplete and typically varied widely from those based on information from providers. In defined benefit (DB) plans, discrepancies were greatest for workers who had limited education, earned low wages, and did not expect to retire soon. Differences in median pension wealth were smaller at the aggregate level than the individual level, because individual differences tended to offset each other when aggregated. Provider data appear better than self-reports for DB plans, but not for defined contribution (DC) plans. Where both are available, the best method of computing pension wealth may be to estimate DB wealth from provider data and to estimate DC wealth from self-reports.
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  • 23
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    INCOME MOBILITY IN SPAIN: HOW MUCH IS THERE? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Traditional cross-sectional research is unable to measure the degree of income mobility in an income distribution. Using longitudinal data and various income stability indices, this paper measures the level of permanent inequality (immobility) in Spain for the period 1985–92. Results indicate that the transitory component of inequality is large and the level of income mobility increases over time while income inequality decreases slightly. More stability is found at the top than at the bottom of the income distribution and the range of the registered movements is rather short.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00392.x
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  • 24
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    IN MEMORIAM: DR. JIRI SKOLKA 1928–2000 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00395.x
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  • 25
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    Taxation and Economic Growth (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 21 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The development of endogenous growth theory has opened an avenue through which the effects of taxation on economic growth can be explored. Explicit modelling of the individual decisions that contribute to growth allows the analysis of tax incidence and the prediction of growth effects. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical evidence to assess whether a consensus arises as to how taxation affects the rate of economic growth. It is shown that the theoretical models isolate a number of channels through which taxation can affect growth and that these effects may be very substantial. Although empirical tests of the growth effect face unresolved difficulties, the empirical evidence points very strongly to the conclusion that the tax effect is very weak.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2000.tb00583.x
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  • 26
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    A Note on the Tax Treatment of Private Pensions and Individual Savings Accounts (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 21 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The UK government is planning to introduce stakeholder pensions from April 2001 as an alternative to existing personal pensions for people on moderate earnings. But stakeholder pensions are only one way to save for retirement; the new tax-free Individual Savings Account (ISA) is another. This note compares the tax treatments of pensions and ISAs and assesses the conditions under which the tax treatment of private pensions is more generous than that of an ISA to a basicrate taxpayer – the typical target for stakeholder pensions. The abolition of dividend tax credits paid to pension funds in July 1997 reduced the relatively tax-favoured position of pensions, but the tax-free lump sum means that private pensions continue to be a tax-favoured form of saving at most reasonable rates of return. We show that employer contributions to private pensions are particularly tax-favoured.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2000.tb00580.x
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  • 27
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    REINVESTED EARNINGS IN THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper raises three questions. Firstly, is it warranted that a significant part of primary (property) income is not shown in the national accounts as being distributed to the owners of the assets to which it accrues but ends up as capital gains in the revaluation account? Secondly, why has the SNA chosen not to record reinvested earnings of corporations as flows of property income with the exception of foreign direct investment, and thirdly why the asymmetrical recording of stock investments constituting more than 10 percent of equity capital depending on whether domestic or foreign transactions are concerned? Reinvested earnings on domestic equity investment above 10 percent of a corporation are not recorded as property income in the system.The paper looks at these three questions from the perspective of the analytical uses of national accounts. The consequences for the analysis of income distribution both between nations and within nations are examined.
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    POLARIZATION BY SUB-POPULATIONS IN SPAIN, 1973–91 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We use an extension of the Esteban and Ray (1994) approach to polarization in order to analyze the role of different household characteristics in the formation of groups in Spanish expenditure distribution, e.g. educational level, position in the labor market, and region. According to a first approach we assume that groups are determined by a characteristic that their members share, and we study which gives rise to a higher level of polarization. In a second approach we can also investigate which characteristics better explain an observed level of polarization, assuming that income proximity determines the group to which one belongs. In both cases we take into account the effect of social stratification on polarization.
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    INTERGENERATIONAL INCOME MOBILITY IN SWEDEN: WHAT DO TAX-DATA SHOW? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The aim of this paper is to investigate intergenerational income mobility in Sweden by means of a representative sample drawn from tax-data files. Longitudinal data on actual parent-child pairs spanning 1978–92 are employed. Regression and correlation coefficients are analyzed and transition matrices calculated in order to investigate income mobility over generations. The results achieved show high intergenerational income mobility in Sweden between fathers and sons in comparison to estimations performed in most other countries and more especially compared to the U.S. This indicates that Sweden does not only have lower cross-sectional income inequality, but also higher intergenerational income mobility than those countries. The mother's earnings influence children's earnings less than the father's. However, the mother's earnings correlate more strongly with a daughter's earnings than they do with that of a son. The major indication of immobility across generations is found in the upper income deciles.
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    DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND CONSUMPTION INEQUALITY IN AUSTRALIA BETWEEN 1975 AND 1993 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We examine trends in consumption inequality among Australian households using the Australian Bureau of Statistics Household Expenditure Surveys collected over the period 1975 to 1993. We find that the distribution of consumption is much more equal than that of income and that both income and consumption inequality rose by significant amounts over the period. However, consumption inequality rose by much less (the Gini coefficient for income inequality rose by 17 percent while that for nondurable consumption rose by 9 percent). We then examine the effects of demographic trends, specifically population aging and changing family structures, and find they account for only a minor fraction in the overall growth in economic inequality.
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    ECONOMICS AS A SCIENCE: REVIEW OF (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00413.x
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    Announcements (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    TRAVEL GRANT for the IARIW 27th GENERAL CONFERENCE IN STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 18–24 August 2002 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    HOW BEST TO MEASURE WELFARE, REAL INCOME AND OUTPUT? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    ESTIMATION OF THE STOCK OF CAPITAL IN SPAIN (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper presents the methodology and results of the estimation of the endowments of capital in the Spanish economy. It distinguishes between endowments of public capital and private capital. The series corresponding to the public sector cover the period 1955–97 and consider seven categories (or functions). The estimates are disaggregated by 17 regions and 50 provinces. The level of disaggregation is regional and provincial (NUTS2 and NUTS3 in European terminology). The private capital series cover the period 1964–97 and consider 17 sectors of production, with disaggregation at regional level. The information refers to two variables: gross formation of fixed capital (in current and constant pesetas) and capital stock in constant pesetas (base year 1990).
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    INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN INCOME AND WEALTH (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    The Labour Market Impact of the Working Families' Tax Credit (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 21 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In October 1999, the working families' tax credit (WFTC) replaced family credit as the main package of in-work support for families with children. Among a range of stated aims, the WFTC is intended to‘… improve work incentives, encouraging people without work to move into employment'. In this paper, we consider the impact of WFTC on hours and participation. To simulate labour supply responses, we use a discrete behavioural model of household labour supply with controls for fixed and childcare costs, and unobserved heterogeneity. In simulation, we experiment with a number of scenarios regarding the take-up of the credit, entry wage level and hourly childcare price. We find participation rates among single mothers to increase by around 2.2 percentage points for the base-case scenario, while for married women participation rates are modelled to fall. Our simulation results indicate a small increase in overall participation of around 30,000 individuals.
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    CHINA'S GDP LEVEL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE: ALTERNATIVE ESTIMATES AND THE IMPLICATIONS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study critically evaluates alternative estimates of China's GDP level and growth, as well a s its PPP GDP conversions, and, based on this evaluation, it draws important implications for the understanding of China's economic performance in both historical and international perspectives. It finds that although almost all empirical results have supported the downward-bias hypothesis for China's GDP level and the upward-bias hypothesis for China's GDP growth, they vary greatly, and that PPP estimates for China are also diversified. These estimates, if accepted, may substantially alter the existing views on the Chinese economy, particularly, its size, TFP level and catch-up performance. The discussion focuses on the theories, methodologies and data used in these studies, and particularly, the possible biases in their results thereby. It argues, however, that despite differences in estimates, they could still provide sensible boundaries for researchers to gauge the “real” values and hence assess China's “real” living standard and growth performance.
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    CALL FOR PAPERS THE 21st ARNE RYDE SYMPOSIUM NON-HUMAN WEALTH AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Editorial: Science policy (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Should governments fund science? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Empirical evidence shows the flaws in the ‘linear model’ of economic growth - in which government funds pure science which leads to applied science and enhanced economic growth. Adam Smith's model - in which academic science flows out of applied science - is nearer the mark. Governent funding of science cannot be justified on economic grounds and indeed tends to crowd out private funding.
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    Endogenous growth theory: a critique (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Endogenous growth theory is based on a misperception of how science and technology are acquired and diffused. In particular, it is incorrect to assume that knowledge is freely available. Any knowledge which has economic value has to be accessed via the brains of experts who are members of the relevant ‘invisible college’ and are rivalrous.It therefore has the characteristics of a private good which can be left to conventional economic incentives to supply.
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    Excludability, creativity and the case against the patent system (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The patent system has many flaws. In its absence, there would probably be increased innovation if only because money spent on patents and lawsuits would be available for R&D. In any case, an inventor is to some extent protected by law provided he explains that an idea is his personal property. A patent adds nothing to the value of an impractical invention and little to one that might seem promising.
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    Managing knowledge: changing ways of wealth creation (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: R&D will have to be at the core of enterprises which expect to prosper in the new economy. Investors now realise there is a link between R&D investment and long-term growth, so share prices are boosted for companies which know how to extract value from R&D spending. The IT and pharmaceutical industries are probably the leaders in new ways of managing knowledge more effectively.
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    Science and the campaigners (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Campaigners routinely use and abuse ‘science’ in their arguments, while often complaining about the ‘reductionist’ basis of science, and society's over-reliance on scientific arguments. This paper examines the long-running battle between old-fashioned ideas derived from the Enlightenment and the newer ‘Post-Modern’ and Romantic ideas now used by campaigners.
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    A note on redistribution (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A consequence of income redistribution may well be to make everyone (including lower-income groups to which redistribution takes place) worse off after a period of years. Possibly income redistribution might gain consent because of risk aversion. The paper also draws attention to the tendency for people to be more concerned about poverty close at hand rather than far away.
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    Injecting incentives into the solution of social problems: Social Policy Bonds (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There seems little chance of achieving many social objectives, given that the ways in which they are being pursued fail to harness self-interest. A way forward is to create a new financial instrument - Social Policy Bonds - which would be auctioned by government. The bonds would be tradable and would be redeemed only when a specified social objective had been achieved.
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    Interest rates are low but are annuities expensive? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It is often claimed that annuities are now ‘expensive’. That claim is at least partly based on money illusion. Careful analysis shows that the current prices of annuities are largely the result of a decline in inflation expectations which has brought about a change in the income stream for annuities.
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    The verdict on the minimum wage: guilty on all counts (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Some recent research in the US has challenged the long-held view among economists that raising the minimum wage reduces employment. However, most economists continue to hold to the orthodox view, which continues to be confirmed in academic journals. Furthermore, research continues to find other negative effects from the minimum wage that are sufficient to oppose it even if there is no loss of employment.
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    ‘Any schmuck can consume’ (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The notion of consumers' sovereignty is flawed. In a free market, the outcome is determined by the interaction of consumers and producers: one does not dominate the other. The balance of debate is skewed if it assumes that the consumer is always right.
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    In the City (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Making consumers ‘Kings of the NHS’ (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: On announcing a consultation exercise about how new money for the NHS should be used, the Health Secretary declared he wanted an NHS ‘where the consumer is king’. Empowerment of consumers requires that they have choice. The institutional arrangements in the NHS do not facilitate this.
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    Social Affairs (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Education (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Technology (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    The Environment (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Fallacies (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Books (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book review in this articleA History of Economic Thought: The LSE Lectures Lionel Robbins S. G. Medema and W. J. Samuels (eds.)Road Pricing, Traffic Congestion and the Environment Kenneth Button and Erik Verhoef (eds.)The Political Economy of NATO Todd Sandler and Keith HartleyA Prism on Globalization: Corporate Responses to the Dollar Rangan Subramanian and Robert Z. LawrenceFrom Empire to Europe: The Decline and Revival of British Industry since the Second World War Geoffrey OwenVirtual Money Elinor Harris SolomanThe Development of Monetary Theory 1920s and 1930s (Volumes I–IV) Forrest Capie and Geoffrey E. Wood (eds.)
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    The CAP: History and attempts at reform (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article outlines the economic consequences of the CAP, including the high level of protection, the burdens on consumers, taxpayers and the EU budget, environmental damage, the harm to international trading relations, and the failure to raise farmers’ incomes. The numerous unsuccessful attempts at reform from 1968 to 1999 are described. Finally, some of the lessons of the reform attempts are drawn, including the apparent political impossibility of reducing farm support and bureaucratic intervention once it is in place.
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    Agricultural incomes and the CAP (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Concern with the living standards of farmers is central to the CAP yet it demonstrates the muddled objectives, inappropriate indicators and misdirected interventions that are the stuff of analysts’ worst nightmares. As a consequence, the performance of the CAP in terms of this fundamental aim has, in all likelihood, been very poor. Attempts to reorientate the CAP to be more in line with its declared objectives face enormous vested interests in the agricultural industry and among policy-makers.
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    Global economic effects of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Among distortions in international agricultural trade, those imposed by the European Union (EU) are the most disruptive. Under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the EU has switched from being a large net importer of agricultural products to a large exporter. This has greatly altered world agricultural markets, imposing substantial costs on the EU itself and efficient agricultural exporters in the rest of the world. We show how the CAP has affected world agricultural markets and present estimates of the associated costs. First we assess the aggregate costs broken down by various product categories. Next we provide a specific example of one product, sugar.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00218
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    The CAP: whence it came, where it should go (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: By the end of the 1970s the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) had achieved its aim of satisfying the Community's needs for basic foodstuffs. Farmers have since sought to justify continued high levels of support by arguing that only a large population of farmers can deliver the countryside society wants and provide the backbone of the rural economy. Neither justification stands up to analysis. Only by phasing-out production-related support and accepting the accompanying restructuring can the industry's efficiency and effectiveness be improved to the point where it can compete on its own merits in world markets.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00219
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    The future of the CAP? Problems and Proposals (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The CAP has been both a corner-stone and stumbling-block for the European Union. Agenda 2000 is proclaimed by the European Commission as a radical change in the policy to meet the challenges of the new millennium. However, this Agenda still does not resolve the fundamental problems facing the policy. It is time for some genuine leadership to be displayed through the development of a serious and relevant strategy of reform for one of the founding policies of the Union.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00220
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    The failure of CAP reform: a public choice analysis (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper uses public choice theories to explain why agricultural subsidies were centralised and why this hinders reform. It shows that the Commission is not responsible for the expansion of the CAP by arguing that budget-maximising behaviour is irrational in the circumstances and that bureau shaping explains its stance on reform. The input process and the success of agricultural groups vis-à-vis consumer and taxpayer groups is explained using both the pluralist and Olsonian account of interest group politics. The conclusion analyses the latest difficulties in achieving reform at Berlin and the prospects for reform.
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    In the City (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00224
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    Price-level targeting -the next objective for monetary policy? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Inflation-targeting monetary policy is compared with price-level targeting. It is argued that price-level targeting offers greater certainty about the long-term inflation rate, greater economic growth, a superior response to a deflationary depression, and other advantages.
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    Making water competition a reality (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Following a decade since privatisation during which attempts at introducing competition for water services have been slow and somewhat ineffective, the government is now carrying out a review. Large-volume users have a thirst for water competition brought about by competition in other utilities. The economic regulator needs to allow a new contestable market for industrial water services to develop whilst major structural and legislative changes to facilitate competition are contemplated.
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    Social Affairs (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Education (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    The Environment (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Fallacies (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Books (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book review in this articleEconomics, A New Introduction Hugh Stretton
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    Workforce-constrained Preventive Maintenance Scheduling Using Evolution Strategies (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Heavy equipment overhaul facilities such as aircraft service centers and railroad yards face the challenge of minimizing the makespan for a set of preventive maintenance (PM) tasks, requiring single or multiple skills, within workforce availability constraints. In this paper, we examine the utility of evolution strategies to this problem. Comparison of the computational efforts of evolution strategies with exhaustive enumeration to reach optimal solutions for 60 small problems illustrates the ability of evolution strategies to yield optimal solutions increasingly efficiently with increasing problem size. A set of 852 large-scale problems was solved using evolution strategies to examine the effects of task-related problem characteristics, workforce-related variables, and evolution strategies population size (μ) on CPU time. The results empirically supported practical utility of evolution strategies to solve large-scale, complex preventive maintenance problems involving single- and multiple-skilled workforce. Finally, comparison of evolution strategies and simulated annealing for the 852 experiments indicated much faster convergence to optimality with evolution strategies.
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    The Impact of Imperfect Processes on Production Run Times (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper investigates the interaction between the economics of production and imperfections in the production process. Specifically, this paper is the first to devise a model in an attempt to provide managers with guidelines to choose the appropriate production run times to buffer against both the production of defective items and stoppages occurring due to machine breakdowns. In addition to providing several structural properties of the model, we show that a manager will always incur a cost penalty when (s)he uses the results of two oft-cited models-the EMQ (Economic Order/Manufacturing Quantity) and the NR-E (No-Resumption, Exponential machine breakdown)-to determine production run times.
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    A Comparison of Selected Artificial Neural Networks that Help Auditors Evaluate Client Financial Viability (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study compares the performance of three artificial neural network (ANN) approaches—backpropagalion, categorical learning, and probabilistic neural network—as classification tools to assist and support auditor's judgment about a client's continued financial viability into the future (going concern status). ANN performance is compared on the basis of overall error rates and estimated relative costs of misclassificaticn (incorrectly classifying an insolvent firm as solvent versus classifying a solvent firm as insolvent). When only the overall error rate is considered, the probabilistic neural network is the most reliable in classification, followed by backpropagation and categorical learning network. When the estimated relative costs of misclassification are considered, the categorical learning network is the least costly, followed by backpropagation and probabilistic neural network.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb01633.x
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    A Structural Analysis of the Effectiveness of Buying Firms' Strategies to Improve Supplier Performance (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Many manufacturing firms have increased the amount of component parts and services they outsource, while refocusing on their core capabilities. Outsourcing parts and services to independent, external suppliers means that suppliers' performance is increasingly critical to the long-term success of these buying firms. Buying firms are increasingly using disparate supplier development strategies to improve supplier performance including supplier assessment, providing incentives for improved performance, instigating competition among suppliers, and direct involvement of the buying firm's personnel with suppliers through activities such as training of suppliers' personnel. Using resource-based theory, internalization theory, and structural equation modeling, we examine the impact of these supplier development strategies on performance. We conclude that direct involvement activities, where the buying firm internalizes a significant amount of the supplier development effort, play a critical role in performance improvement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00923.x
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    Fitting the Lognormal Distribution to Surgical Procedure Times (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Minimum surgical times are positive and often large. The lognormal distribution has been proposed for modeling surgical data, and the three-parameter form of the lognormal, which includes a location parameter, should be appropriate for surgical data. We studied the goodness-of-fit performance, as measured by the Shapiro-Wilk p-value, of three estimators of the location parameter for the lognormal distribution, using a large data set of surgical times. Alternative models considered included the normal distribution and the two-parameter lognormal model, which sets the location parameter to zero. At least for samples with n 〉 30, data adequately fit by the normal had significantly smaller skewness than data not well fit by the normal, and data with larger relative minima (smallest order statistic divided by the mean) were better fit by a lognormal model. The rule “If the skewness of the data is greater than 0.35, use the three-parameter lognormal with the location parameter estimate proposed by Muralidhar & Zanakis (1992), otherwise, use the two-parameter model” works almost as well at specifying the lognormal model as more complex guidelines formulated by linear discriminant analysis and by tree induction.
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    A Comparison between Basic Cyclic Scheduling and Variable Cyclic Scheduling in a Two-stage Hybrid Flow Shop (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper the impacts of two types of repetitive scheduling systems on the makespan in a two-stage hybrid flow shop, which consists of one machine in the first stage and multiple process lines in the second stage, are compared. First, we analyzed, through a simulation, how the makespan is affected by the setup frequency and sequencing rules for products under two types of scheduling systems: One is repetitive scheduling with only one batch per product family per scheduling cycle (basic cyclic scheduling system). The other is repetitive cyclic scheduling with various batches per product family per scheduling cycle (variable cyclic scheduling system). Second, we compared which scheduling system is superior under various manufacturing situations. The following points were noted. (1) The superior scheduling system can be shown by a two-dimensional diagram of the setup frequency and the imbalance in workload for processing among process lines in the second stage. (2) Variable cyclic scheduling is superior in comparison with basic cyclic scheduling when there is a large imbalance in the workload to be processed among process lines in the second stage, or the workload in the second stage is larger than that in the first stage. The result of this research provides guidelines for selecting which scheduling system should be adopted.
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    Order Dispatching and Labor Assignment in Cellular Manufacturing Systems (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although order and labor dispatching in the job shop manufacturing setting have been investigated extensively over the last three decades, its representation of actual processes found in practice today is limited due to the move to cellular manufacturing (CM). Manufacturing cells have become an important approach to batch manufacturing in the last two decades, and their layout structure provides a dominant flow structure for the part routings. The flow shop nature of manufacturing cells adds a simplifying structure to the problem of planning worker assignments and order releases, which makes it more amenable to the use of optimization techniques. In this paper we exploit this characteristic and present two mathematical modeling approaches for making order dispatching and labor assignment/reassignment decisions in two different CM settings. The two formulations are evaluated in a dynamic simulation setting and compared to a heuristic procedure using tardiness as the primary performance measure. The formulations are superior to the heuristic approach and can be incorporated into detail scheduling systems that are being implemented by corporations employing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems today.
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    Cost Efficiency Benchmarking for Operational Units with Multiple Cost Drivers (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We consider the activity-based costing situation, in which for each of several comparable operational units, multiple cost drivers generate a single cost pool. Our study focuses on published data from a set of property tax collection offices, called rates departments, for the London metropolitan area. We define what may be called benchmark or most efficient costs per unit of driver. A principle of maximum performance efficiency is proposed, and an approach to estimating the benchmark unit costs is derived from this principle. A validation approach for this estimation method is developed in terms of what we call normal-like-or-better performance effectiveness. Application to longitudinal data on a single unit is briefly discussed. We also consider some implications for the more routine case when costs are disaggregated to subpools associated with individual cost drivers.
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    VOLUME 31 AUTHOR INDEX (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00948.x
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    VOLUME 31 SUBJECT INDEX (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00950.x
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    A Framework for Measuring the Importance of Variables with Applications to Management Research and Decision Models (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In many disciplines, including various management science fields, researchers have shown interest in assigning relative importance weights to a set of explanatory variables in multivariable statistical analysis. This paper provides a synthesis of the relative importance measures scattered in the statistics, psychometrics, and management science literature. These measures are computed by averaging the partial contributions of each variable over all orderings of the explanatory variables. We define an Analysis of Importance (ANIMP) framework that reflects two desirable properties for the relative importance measures discussed in the literature: additive separability and order independence. We also provide a formal justification and generalization of the “averaging over all orderings” procedure based on the Maximum Entropy Principle. We then examine the question of relative importance in management research within the framework of the “contingency theory of organizational design” and provide an example of the use of relative importance measures in an actual management decision situation. Contrasts are drawn between the consequences of use of statistical significance, which is an inappropriate indicator of relative importance and the results of the appropriate ANIMP measures.
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    Swiftness and Intensity of Administrative Innovation Adoption: An Empirical Study of TQM in Information Systems (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considerable attention has been directed toward developing a more complete understanding of innovation adoption by Information Systems (IS) departments. Much of this research has focused on the adoption of technological innovations, and limited research has focused on the adoption of administrative innovations. This paper focuses on an administrative innovation that is increasingly becoming popular among IS departments, namely Total Quality Management (TQM) in systems development. A synthesis of the IS innovation and TQM literatures was conducted to identify environmental, organizational, and task-related factors that should relate to both the swiftness and the intensity of TQM adoption. The relationships between the identified variables and TQM adoption were examined using data collected from 123 IS departments in Fortune 1000 firms and large government agencies in the U.S. The results indicate that TQM adoption in systems development is influenced by the host organization's quality orientation and factors internal to the IS department including IS management support for quality, the presence of a separate quality assurance function, and the structural complexity of the IS department. Implications of this study for theory, future research, and practice are discussed.
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    A Load-based and Due-date-oriented Approach to Order Review/Release in Job Shops (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper, a new order review/release (ORR) method is proposed for shop floor control systems. The proposed method utilizes both job due date and shop load information to improve the effectiveness of the ORR function in production systems. The performance of the new method is compared to those of a few well-known ORR methods under four experimental conditions. The results of extensive simulation experiments indicate that the proposed method is superior with respect to the mean absolute deviation measure. In general, it is also better than existing methods for the other performance measures. Furthermore, we show that the proposed method is more robust to variations in system load and processing times than the other ORR methods examined.
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    Modeling the Audit Opinions Issued to Bankrupt Companies: A Two-stage Empirical Analysis (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Many observers are dissatisfied with the accounting profession's ability to warn the public of upcoming bankruptcy filings. Since regulators and users tend to treat an unmodified audit opinion as a “clean bill of health,” they do not expect the business to fail in the near future. Research has shown that more often than not, auditors end up letting users down when it comes to predicting bankruptcy filings with audit opinions.Although auditors assert they are not responsible for predicting future events, it is very clear that their opinion decision is evaluated, at least in part, based on events that occur after the audit report date. The interesting and logical next step is to find out how companies exit bankruptcy. Do they liquidate or reorganize? Successful reorganization may, in the end, exonerate auditors and preserve their role as an early warning device. The opinion prediction model developed in the paper introduces a new bankruptcy resolution variable that proxies for the auditor's prognosis of the ultimate disposition of the soon-to-be-bankrupt company. Using a sample of bankruptcy filings between 1982 and 1992, we find that auditors do not seem to be able to predict filings or resolution. Our tests of bankruptcy resolution support what auditors have been arguing for years: that they are not clairvoyant with respect to a client's future.
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    VOLUME 31 TITLE INDEX (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Sensitivity Analysis for Dependent Variables (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Decision analysts use sensitivity analysis to identify influential variables, to determine which input variables to model stochastically, and to characterize scenarios that could affect a change in the rank ordering of the alternatives. A frequently recommended sensitivity analysis technique is “one-way” sensitivity analysis, which determines a variable's influence by the degree to which the objective function changes as that variable is varied while all other variables are held fixed. Disadvantages of one-way analysis are that it measures the influence of only one variable at a time and it assumes independence among the input variables. Clearly, however, there are situations when dependencies exist among the input variables that could possibly affect the sensitivity analysis results. This research develops a strategy that incorporates dependence relations among the input variables into the sensitivity analysis using rank correlations. Only decision problems with a finite number of alternatives and continuous state variables are considered.
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    Decision Making in a Standby Service System (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A standby service option allows a firm to lower its risk of not having sufficient capacity to satisfy demand without investing in additional capacity. Standby service options currently exist in the natural gas, electric, and water utility industries. Firms seeking standby service are typically large industrial or institutional organizations that, due to unexpectedly high demand or interruptions in their own supply system, look to a public utility to supplement their requirements. Typically, the firm pays the utility a reservation fee based on a nominated volume and a consumption charge based on the volume actually taken. In this paper, a single-period model is developed and optimized with respect to the amount of standby capacity a firm should reserve. Expressions for the mean and variance of the supplier's aggregate standby demand distribution are developed. A procedure for computing the level of capacity needed to safely meet its standby obligations is presented. Numerical results suggest that the standby supplier can safely meet its standby demand with a capacity that is generally between 20 to 50% of the aggregate nominated volume.
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    A Contingent View of Quality Management-The Impact of International Competition on Quality (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Much of the research on quality practices and performance reflects a resource-based perspective of the firm, dealing primarily with internal issues of managerial and technological competence in developing and executing an effective TQM strategy. The neoclassical perspective on the influence of the competitive environment on quality practices and performance remains conspicuously absent in the empirical quality literature. Our study aims to address this gap by examining the contingent role of international competition on quality management and performance.We develop and test an integrative framework of quality management, consisting of high involvement work practices, quality practices, quality performance, and firm performance. We then examine the contingent effects of international competition on the constructs and relationships of the framework. International competition was found to moderate the relationship between quality practices and customer satisfaction performance, as well as the relationship between high involvement work practices and firm performance. The moderator effects suggest interesting implications for quality theory and practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00938.x
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  • 91
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    The Joint Effects of Effort and Quality on Decision Strategy Choice with Computerized Decision Aids (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Research has recently focused on the effort-reduction or minimization role of computerized decision aids, and how users may employ aids to manage their effort, which in turn affects their choice of decision strategies. In this paper, it is argued that consideration of effort reduction or minimization by itself is not sufficient for inducing changes in decision strategy. Instead, decision aid effects on effort must be considered jointly with the decision quality associated with the various decision strategies. This is true even if the decision aid has no effect on decision quality. We adapt and extend a theoretical framework that can be used to evaluate the joint effects of effort and quality on decision strategy choice. In addition, we reinterpret past research results in light of the framework and present new experimental evidence on the descriptive validity of the framework.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb01624.x
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  • 92
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    An Integrative Framework of the Information Systems Development Process (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Despite more than 25 years of research on the processes and outcomes of information systems development in organizations, deficiencies exist in our knowledge about the effective management of complex systems development processes. Although individual studies have generated a wealth of findings, there is a need for a cumulative framework that facilitates interpretation of what has been learned and what needs to be learned about the process of information systems development. This paper reviews prior research on ISD processes and identifies the different types of contributions that have been made to our growing knowledge. More important, it generates a cumulative framework for understanding the process of ISD that could provide a valuable template for future research and practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb01628.x
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  • 93
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    Ranking State Financial Management: A Multilevel Fuzzy Rule-based System (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In 1996 the Alan K. Campbell Institute in the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University was awarded a grant to rate management performance of state and local governments and selected federal agencies. The project includes several parallel initiatives to evaluate government performance. This article contains a description of a multilevel fuzzy rule-based system developed to evaluate state government performance. The objective is to measure effectiveness in state financial management and produce a relative ranking of performance. The system incorporates evaluation criteria and expert judgment. It utilizes survey and other publicly available information relevant to state financial management. Fuzzy set theory is used to represent imprecision in evaluated information and judgments. The results of this evaluation are compared to a parallel journalistic effort to rank state performance. The article highlights the differences between the two approaches and outlines the advantages of the fuzzy rule-based system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb01630.x
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  • 94
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    Marketing Category Forecasting: An Alternative of BVAR-Artificial Neural Networks (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Analyzing scanner data in brand management activities presents unique difficulties due to the vast quantity of the data. Time series methods that are able to handle the volume effectively often are inappropriate due to the violation of many statistical assumptions in the data characteristics. We examine scanner data sets for three brand categories and examine properties associated with many time series forecasting methods. Many violations are found with respect to linearity, normality, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity. With this in mind we compare the forecasting ability of neural networks that require no assumptions to two of the more robust time series techniques. Neural networks provide similar forecasts to Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR), and both outperform generalized autoregressive conditional herteroscedasticty (GARCH) models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00943.x
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  • 95
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    An Analysis of Fuzzy Clustering and a Hybrid Model for the Auditor's Going Concern Assessment (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study provides a description and testing of fuzzy clustering and a hybrid model that can support the decision an auditor makes when completing the going concern evaluation. Fuzzy clustering is based on fuzzy logic, and the hybrid system is designed to address the going concern decision through the combined use of a statistical model and an expert system. These models have the capability of identifying categories of firms with particular characteristics that may indicate whether or not the audit report of the firms requires a going concern modification. A prediction of whether or not a firm may go bankrupt is included as one of the components of the going concern decision. As a result, if a firm is placed in a particular bankrupt category by a decision model, it may help in the determination of the auditor's opinion regarding the continuity of the business.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00946.x
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  • 96
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    Quality-related Action Programs: Their Impact on Quality Performance and Firm Performance (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: From analyses of the direct effects of 10 quality action programs on six firm performance outcomes, as well as their indirect effects through eight quality performance dimensions, two routes from action programs through quality performance to firm performance in the automotive supply industry are identified. The first is the product quality route, whose landmarks are superior quality performance on Conformance and Design Quality dimensions; the second is the relationship quality route, with superior Customer Responsiveness and Service. Both the product quality and the relationship quality routes lead to superior ROI; the former also leads to enhanced ROA, and the latter to enhanced market share performance. Associated key action programs are Committed Leadership, Cross-Functional Quality Teams, Employee Empowerment, Supplier Development, and Closer Customer Relationships. The first three are internally focused, while the latter two are boundary-spanning supply chain programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00947.x
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    A Note on SERVQUAL Reliability and Validity in Information System Service Quality Measurement (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Today's information system function includes a large service component. Recent research has examined the SERVQUAL instrument as a possible measure to assist managers and researchers in evaluating service quality. To further examine the appropriateness of the SERVQUAL measure, a large industry sample serves to verify the anticipated structure of the instrument. In addition, a high correlation with a common measure of user satisfaction indicates that the SERVQUAL metric may indeed represent accurate views of user perception. As such, the SERVQUAL instrument can serve as a useful indicator for information system managers attempting to identify areas of needed service improvement and to researchers seeking a success measure of information system services.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00940.x
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  • 98
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    An Empirical Investigation of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Causal Model (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The objective of this research is to test the theory and causal performance linkages implied by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA). The survey instrument used a comprehensive set of 101 questions that were directly tied to specific criteria in the 1995 MBNQA Criteria. Results reported here represent the first published article that tests the MBNQA performance relationships and causal model using comprehensive measurement and structural models.In general, our research concludes that (1) The underlying theory of the MBNQA is supported that “leadership drives the system that causes results”; (2) Leadership is the most important driver of system performance; (3) Leadership has no direct effect on Financial Results but must influence overall performance “through the system”; (4) Information and Analysis is statistically the second most important Baldrige category; (5) the Baldrige category, Process Management, is twice as important when predicting customer satisfaction as when predicting financial results; and (6) a modified “within system” set of five Baldrige causal relationships is a good predictor of organizational performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb01627.x
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  • 99
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    Underwriting and Calls of Convertible Bonds (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We model convertible bond calls under asymmetric information where, unlike Harris and Raviv (1985), we consider a nonzero call price and a call notice period. In the model, the use of underwriters conveys negative information. Consequently, the stock price decline is greater for underwritten calls than for nonunderwritten calls. Furthermore, underwritten calls are made earlier and when the conversion option is less deep in the money. Underwriting commissions and the stock price decline associated with a call are negatively related to the extent that the conversion option is in the money before the call. Empirical evidence in this paper and Singh, Cowan, and Nayar (1991) are consistent with the model's predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00924.x
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  • 100
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    An Integrated Decision Methodology for Designing and Operating an Air-Express Courier's Distribution Network (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: DHL, an international air-express courier, has been operating in Hong Kong for many years. In 1998, the new international airport located at a site considerably distant from the old location opened in Hong Kong (HK). Other airport-related infrastructure facilities have also been developed or are being developed, resulting in major changes in transport structure as well as a shift in customer demand. In this paper a multiyear distribution network is designed for DHL(HK) using an integrated network design methodology, which consists of a macro model and a micro model. The macro model, a mixed 0–1 LP, determines in an aggregate manner the least-cost distribution network. The micro model, a simulation, evaluates the operational viability and efficacy of the network according to its service coverage and service reliability. We also illustrate how coverage and reliability can be improved via the integrated use of the two models. Extensive discussion on relevant planning and operational issues of an air-express courier are included. The methodology has been successfully implemented at DHL(HK). It has been used to design the network, to test strategic decisions, and to update the network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2000.tb00926.x
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