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  • Springer  (19)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence Study of the Relaxation Process in Excited Hetarylthiazole Cations (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of fluorescence 10 (2000), S. 161-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Excited state ; quinolyl ; structural relaxation ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The absorption and fluorescence spectra of five cations protonated at the quinolyl nitrogen atom (IH+−VH+) and one ethylated (IEt+) cation were investigated. For these compounds (except VH+) both an anomalously large fluorescence Stokes shift (up to 238 nm) and a large short-wavelength fluorescence shift (up to 145 nm) at decreasing temperatures (down to 77 K) were observed. This is not the case for unprotonated molecules. The ground-state conjugation between quinolyl and another molecular fragment was found for II, IH+, IIH+, and IEt+. The relaxation process of excited cations is medium viscosity and temperature dependent. The experimental results are explained in terms of excited-state structural relaxation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009447226786
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy Deactivation of Electronic Excitation of 2-N-Piperidine-5-(2",2"-Dicyanvinyl)Thiophene Depending on the Solvent Viscosity (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied spectroscopy 67 (2000), S. 935-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8647
    Keywords: fluorescence ; viscosity ; picosecond spectroscopy ; conformer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using the methods of picosecond laser spectroscopy and steady-state luminescence, we investigated the energy, spectral, and kinetic characteristics of 2-N-piperidine-5-(2",2"-dicyanvinyl)thiophene (PDCVTh) in solutions at room temperature. The mechanism of radiationless energy deactivation of electronic excitation in PDCVTh is interpreted in terms of the notions of conformational changes, controlled by medium viscosity, in a molecule after absorption by it of excitation energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004144623480
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revised Viscosities of Saturated Liquid Halocarbon Refrigerants from 273 to 353 K (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 909-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: halocarbons ; refrigerants ; saturated liquid ; vapor buoyancy effect ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents revised saturated liquid viscosities for 15 halocarbon refrigerants, that is, R11, R12, R22, R13B1, R152a, R113, R123, R123a, R143a, R114, R134a, R141b, R142b, R225ca, and R225cb, reported in our previous papers [1, 2], in which the vapor buoyancy correction for the sealed capillary viscometer was not applied. The maximum corrections amount to from 1.2% for R225cb to 17.4% for R143a. The erroneous data in our previous papers should be considered obsolete except for the low-vapor density refrigerants R11, R123, R123a, R113, R141b, R225ca, and R225cb, for which the maximum correction is 2.4%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006666308831
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Model Internal Flexibility Upon NEMD Simulations of Viscosity (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: viscosity ; NEMD simulation ; flexible models ; rigid bond lengths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of model flexibility upon simulated viscosity was investigated. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations of viscosity were performed on seven pure fluids using three models for each: one with rigid bonds and angles, one with flexible angles and rigid bonds, and one with flexible bonds and angles. Three nonpolar fluids (propane, n-butane, and isobutane), two moderately polar fluids (propyl chloride and acetone), and two strongly polar fluids (methanol and water) were studied. Internal flexibility had little effect upon the simulated viscosity of nonpolar fluids. While model flexibility did affect the simulated viscosity of the polar fluids, it did so principally by allowing a density-dependent change in the dipole moment of the fluid. By using a rigid model with the same geometry and dipole moment as the average flexible molecule at the same density, it was shown that the direct effect of flexibility is small even in polar fluids. It was concluded that internal model flexibility does not enhance the accuracy of viscosities obtained from NEMD simulations as long as the appropriate model geometry is used in the rigid model for the desired simulation density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006600719847
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Densities, Viscosities, Sound Speeds, and Excess Properties of Binary Mixtures of Methyl Methacrylate with Alkoxyethanols and 1-Alcohols at 298.15 and 308.15 K (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1153-1174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: density ; methyl methacrylate +alcohol binary liquid mixtures ; molecular interactions ; relative association ; solvation number ; sound speed ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The densities, viscosities, and sound speeds were measured for six binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate (MMA)+2-methoxyethanol (ME), +2-ethoxyethanol (EE), +2-butoxyethanol (BE), +1-butanol (1-BuOH), +1-pentanol (1-PeOH), and +1-heptanol (1-HtOH) at 298.15 and 308.15 K. The mixture viscosities were correlated by Grunberg–Nissan, McAllister, and Auslander equations. The sound speeds were predicted by using free length and collision factor theoretical formulations, and Junjie and Nomoto equations. The excess viscosities and excess isentropic compressibilities were also calculated. A qualitative analysis of both of these functions revealed that structure disruptions are more predominant in MMA+1-alcohol than in MMA+alkoxyethanols mixtures. The estimated relative associations are found to become less in MMA+alcohol mixtures than in pure alcohols. The solvation numbers derived from the isentropic compressibility of the mixtures, considering MMA as a solvent, showed that structure making interactions are also present in MMA + alkoxyethanols in addition to the structure disruptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026402222130
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation for Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Halogenated Ethane Refrigerants1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: correlation ; hard spheres ; liquid ; refrigerants ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscosity and thermal conductivity of liquid halogenated ethane refrigerants from about 200 K to near the critical temperature, at saturation and also at pressures up to 50 MPa, are shown to be satisfactorily correlated on the basis of a scheme developed by Dymond and Assael from consideration of hard-sphere theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006627411689
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Correlation Functions for Viscosity Calculation of Gases Over Wide Temperature and Pressure Ranges (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1011-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: dense fluids ; Rainwater–Friend theory ; second viscosity virial coefficient ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscosity of 14 supercritical gases over a wide temperature–pressure range is calculated with a new correlation scheme. Highly accurate realistic interatomic potentials of the noble gases are used in the Chapman–Enskog calculation of the zero-density viscosity and in the Rainwater–Friend theory to determine the initial density dependence of the viscosity. At densities beyond the range of the theory, a variant of the residual viscosity is developed. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the residual viscosity function increases with the number of atoms in the molecule. By including this temperature dependence, the accuracy of the predicted results improves significantly. The accuracy of this method is within the experimental uncertainties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026437702566
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saturated Liquid Viscosity and Surface Tension of Alternative Refrigerants (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1225-1253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: dynamic light scattering ; R23 ; R32 ; R123 ; R125 ; R134a ; R143a ; R152a ; refrigerants ; surface light scattering ; surface tension ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Light scattering by thermally excited capillary waves on liquid surfaces or interfaces can be used for the investigation of viscoelastic properties of fluids. In this work, we carried out the simultaneous determination of the surface tension and the liquid kinematic viscosity of some alternative refrigerants by surface light scattering (SLS) on a gas–liquid interface. The experiments are based on a heterodyne detection scheme and signal analysis by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). R23 (trifluoromethane), R32 (difluoromethane), R125 (pentafluoroethane), R143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane), R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), R152a (1,1-difluoroethane), and R123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) were investigated under saturation conditions over a wide temperature range, from 233 K up to the critical point. It is estimated that the uncertainty of the present surface tension data for the whole temperature range is less than ±0.2 mN·m−1. For temperatures up to about 0.95T c, the kinematic viscosity of the liquid phase could be obtained with an absolute accuracy of better than 2%. For the highest temperatures studied in this work, measurements for the kinematic viscosity exhibit a maximum uncertainty of about ±4%. Viscosity and surface tension data are represented by a polynomial function of temperature and by a van der Waals-type surface tension equation, respectively. The results are discussed in detail with comparison to literature data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006689724974
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Binary and Ternary HFC Refrigerant Mixtures (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 23-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: HFC-32 ; HFC-125 ; HFC-134a ; hard-sphere theory ; mixture ; refrigerant ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A recently developed scheme, based on considerations of hard-sphere theory, is used for the simultaneous prediction of the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of binary and ternary HFC refrigerant mixtures, consisting of HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a. In this prediction scheme, the hypothetical molecular parameters of HFC refrigerant mixtures were assumed to be the molar average of the pure component values. The close agreement between the predicted values and the experimental results of thermal conductivity and viscosity demonstrate the predictive power of this scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006696518938
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophysical Properties of Gaseous Tungsten Hexafluoride from Speed-of-Sound Measurements (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 185-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: equation of state ; intermolecular potential ; speed-of-sound ; thermodynamic properties ; transport properties ; tungsten hexafluoride ; virial coefficients ; viscosity ; WF6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The speed of sound was measured in gaseous WF6 using a highly precise acoustic resonance technique. The data span the temperature range from 290 to 420 K and the pressure range from 50 kPa to the lesser of 300 kPa or 80% of the sample's vapor pressure. At 360 K and higher temperatures, the data were corrected for a slow chemical reaction of the WF6 within the apparatus. The speed-of-sound data have a relative standard uncertainty of 0.005%. The data were analyzed to obtain the ideal-gas heat capacity as a function of the temperature with a relative standard uncertainty of 0.1%. These heat capacities are in reasonable agreement with those determined from spectroscopic data. The speed-of-sound data were fitted by virial equations of state to obtain the temperature dependent density virial coefficients. Two virial coefficient models were employed, one based on square-well intermolecular potentials and the second based on a hard-core Lennard–Jones intermolecular potential. The resulting virial equations reproduced the sound-speed data to within ±0.005% and may be used to calculate vapor densities with relative standard uncertainties of 0.1% or less. The hard-core Lennard–Jones potential was used to estimate the viscosity and the thermal conductivity of dilute WF6. The predicted viscosities agree with published data to within 5% and can be extrapolated reliably to higher temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006617223481
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous 2-Amino-2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol Solutions (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1175-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: absorption ; AMPD ; carbon dioxide ; density ; solubility ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Densities and viscosities of mixtures of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD)–water were measured at temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. The solubility of N2O in the aqueous AMPD solutions was measured at temperatures of 30, 40, and 50°C. The concentrations selected for study were 10, 20, and 30 mass% AMPD for all three temperatures. The experimental values for density and viscosity were correlated as functions of temperature. The maximum deviations were less than 0.005% for densities and 0.3% for viscosities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026454206200
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophysical Properties of Tetramethylmethane and Tetramethylsilane Gas Calculated by Means of an Isotropic Temperature-Dependent Potential (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1439-1461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: diffusion ; intermolecular potentials ; Raman and Rayleigh spectra ; second virial coefficients ; tetramethylmethane ; tetramethylsilane ; transport properties ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An isotropic temperature-dependent potential (ITDP) is calculated for the description of binary interactions in gaseous tetramethylmethane, C(CH3)4, and tetramethylsilane, Si(CH3)4. The potential parameters of C(CH3)4 and Si(CH3)4 are determined by solving an inverse problem of minimization of the sum of weighted squared relative deviations between experimental and calculated pure gas viscosity (η), second (pVT)-virial coefficient (B), and second acoustic virial coefficient (β) data. At T=0 K they are obtained for C(CH3)4 and Si(CH3)4, respectively, as repulsive parameter n=28.02(12) and 20.79(11), equilibrium distance r m=5.7790(30)×10−10 and 5.9051(36)×10−10 m, potential well depth ε/k B=586.32(42) and 674.75(91) K, and the first excited-level enlargement δ=0.0141(3)×10−10 and 0.0188(3)×10−10 m. The influence of the temperature on the potential parameters r m(T) and ε(T) is implied in the temperature dependence of the effective excited-state enlargement, calculated via the vibrational partition function. The calculated complete sets of normal vibrational frequencies for C(CH3)4 and Si(CH3)4 are consistent with the available experimental data. In addition, good agreement is observed between the calculations and new Raman spectroscopic measurements on C(CH3)4. Tables for recommended thermophysical properties (B, η, and self-diffusion ρD) and effective potential parameters (r m and ε) of the two globular gases are given for the temperature range between 250 and 800 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006706510540
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport Property Measurements on the IUPAC Sample of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R134a) (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: R134a ; dilute gas ; refrigerant ; saturation properties ; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane ; thermal conductivity ; transport properties ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the results of an international project coordinated by the Subcommittee on Transport Properties of Commission I.2 of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The project has been conducted to investigate the large discrepancies between the results reported by various authors for the transport properties of R134a and culminates the effort which was initially described in 1995. The project has involved the remeasurement of the transport properties of a single sample of R134a in nine laboratories throughout the world in order to test the hypothesis that at least part of the discrepancy could be attributed to the purity of the samples. This paper provides an intercomparison of the new experimental results obtained for the viscosity and thermal conductivity in the vapor, liquid, and supercritical gas phases. The viscosity measurements were made with a variety of techniques including the vibrating wire, oscillating disk, capillary flow, and falling body. Thermal conductivity was measured using transient bare and anodized hot wires, steady-state anodized hot wires, and light scattering. Agreement between a variety of experimental techniques using the standard round-robin sample is necessary to demonstrate that some of the discrepancies in earlier results were due to sample impurities. Identification of disagreement between data using one experimental technique relative to other techniques may suggest modifications that would lead to more accurate measurements on these highly polar refrigerant materials. It is anticipated that the new data which have been measured on this IUPAC round-robin sample will aid in the identification of the reliable data sets in the literature and ultimately allow the refinement of the IUPAC reference-data correlations for the transport properties of R134a.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006690702100
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Viscosity of Toluene in the Temperature Range 210 to 370 K1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: measurements ; toluene ; vibrating-wire technique ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper reports new measurements of the viscosity of toluene along the saturation line over a temperature range of 210 to 370 K. The measurements were performed in a vibrating-wire viscometer, properly adjusted for these low-temperature measurements. The uncertainty of the measurements, confirmed above room temperature with the measurement of the viscosity of water, is estimated to be ±0.5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006628008963
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the Viscosity of Liquid Mixtures: An Improved Approach1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: liquid ; mixtures ; prediction ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A recently developed theoretically based scheme for the prediction of the viscosity of gas mixtures is modified by making use of the hard-sphere theory and applied to the prediction of the viscosity of liquid mixtures. Preliminary results are compared with viscosity measurements of mixtures of n-hexane with toluene and with cyclohexane, and demonstrate the predictive power of this scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006675327619
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity Measurements on Gaseous Argon, Krypton, and Propane1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 301-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: argon ; gas ; krypton ; measurement ; propane ; vibrating-wire viscometer ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new vibrating-wire viscometer was designed to perform quasi-absolute measurements of very high precision on gases. It was applied to determine the viscosity of argon at temperatures of 298.15, 348.15, and 423.15 K and pressures up to 20 MPa, and the viscosity of krypton at 298.15 and 348.15 ,K and pressures up to 16 MPa. Furthermore, several isothermal series of viscosity measurements on gaseous propane were carried out. The subcritical isotherms at 298.15, 323.15, 348.15, and 366.15 K were restricted to 95% of the saturated vapor pressure, the supercritical isotherms at 373.15, 398.15, and 423.15 K to 20 MPa. In general, the measurements are characterized by a reproducibility of ±0.05% and an accuracy of ±0.2%. However, close to the critical point an accuracy of ±3% has to be accepted, mainly due to the uncertainty of the density. In this context the influence of the equation of state used for propane is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006667125801
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of Toluene+Cyclopentane Mixtures: Measurements and Prediction (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 621-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: cyclopentane ; high pressures ; mixtures ; toluene ; vibrating wire ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract New measurements of the viscosity of binary mixtures of toluene+cyclopentane are presented. The measurements, performed in a vibrating-wire viscometer, cover the temperature range from 210 to 310 K at pressures up to 25 MPa. The concentrations studied are 60 and 30%, by weight, toluene. The uncertainty of the measurements, confirmed at room temperature and higher temperatures with the measurement of the viscosity of water, is estimated to be ±0.5%, increasing to ±1% at temperatures below 240 K. The present measurements are employed to examine the predictive power of two recent theoretically based schemes proposed for the calculation of the viscosity of mixtures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006633300959
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  • 18
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    Viscosity of Gaseous HCFC-123 (2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-Trifluoroethane) in the Temperature Range from 323.15 to 423.15 K and at Pressures up to 2 MPa (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 695-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: HCFC-123 ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The viscosity of gaseous HCFC-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) was measured with an oscillating-disk viscometer of the Maxwell type at temperatures from 323.15 to 423.15 K and at pressures up to the saturated vapor pressure at each temperature in subcritical conditions or up to 2 MPa under supercritical conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006641502777
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  • 19
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    The Viscosity of Gaseous Isobutane and Its Initial Density Dependence1 (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 329-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: isobutane ; second viscosity virial coefficient ; transport property ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results of new relative high-precision measurements on gaseous isobutane are reported. Six series, each differing in density, were performed in a quartz oscillating-disk viscometer from 297 to 627 K and for densities between 0.010 to 0.048 mol·L−1. Isothermal values recalculated from the original experimental data were evaluated with a first-order expansion, in terms of density, for the viscosity. Reduced values of the second viscosity virial coefficient derived from the zero-density and initial-density viscosity coefficients agree with the representation of the Rainwater–Friend theory when using energy and length scaling factors specific for the interactions of the isobutane molecules. With the same scaling factors an individual correlation in the limit of zero density was developed including only a few values from the literature. The uncertainty of the zero-density viscosity correlation is estimated to be ±0.4%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006671226710
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