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  • Articles  (9)
  • zinc  (9)
  • 1995-1999  (9)
  • 1999  (9)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1171-1176 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; cyclic voltammetry ; electrodeposition ; electroless deposition ; nickel ; phosphorus ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electroless Ni–Zn–P alloy deposition from a sulphate bath, containing sodium hypophosphite as reducer, was investigated. To increase the plating rate, the deposition parameters were optimized. The effect of process parameters (T, pH and [Zn2+]) on the plating rate and deposit composition was examined and it was found that the presence of zinc in the bath has an inhibitory effect on the alloy deposition. As a consequence, the percentage of zinc in the electroless Ni–Zn–P alloys never reaches high values. Using cyclic voltammetry the electrodeposition mechanism of Ni–Zn–P alloys was investigated. It was observed that the zinc deposition inhibits the nickel discharge and, as a consequence, its catalytic activity on hypophosphite oxidation. It was also found that increase in temperature or pH leads to the deposition of nickel rich alloys.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 619-626 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: corrosion ; EIS ; H3PO4 ; organic onium compounds ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The inhibiting properties of some organic phosphonium and ammonium compounds were studied with respect to the corrosion of zinc in 1 M H3PO4 solution. It was found that onium compounds which have π-electron system(s) are adsorbed following Frumkin's adsorption isotherm and provide better inhibition efficiency than those containing no π -electron system. The adsorption of the latter compounds was found to obey Langmuir's isotherm. Both potentiostatic and electrochemical impedance techniques proved that the studied onium compounds act as primary interface inhibitors without changing the mechanism of either hydrogen evolution reaction or zinc dissolution.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; electroless ; microstructure ; morphology ; nickel ; phosphorus ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electroless Ni–Zn–P alloy coatings were obtained on an iron substrate from a sulfate bath at various pH values. The effects of changes in bath pH on alloy composition, morphology, microstructure and corrosion resistance were studied. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe the morphological change of the deposits with bath pH. Coating crystallinity was investigated by grazing incidence asymmetric Bragg X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. A transition from an amorphous to polycrystalline structure was observed on increasing the bath alkalinity, and thus decreasing the phosphorus content of the alloys. A single crystalline phase corresponding to face-centred-cubic nickel was identified in the alloys obtained from a strong alkaline solution. An increase in zinc percentage up to 23% in the deposits does not change the f.c.c. nickel crystalline structure. Corrosion potential and polarization resistance measurements indicated that the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni–Zn–P alloys depends strongly on the microstructure and chemical composition. The deposits obtained at pH 9.0–9.5 and with 11.4–12.5% zinc and 11.8–11.2% phosphorous exhibited the best corrosion resistance.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1133-1137 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: cobalt ; corrosion ; multilayer deposition ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The corrosion behaviour of Zn–Co compositionally modulated multilayers (CMM) was studied using corrosion potential measurement and the neutral salt spray (NSS) method. It was established that the corrosion potentials of the CMM, deposited from a single bath, are significantly more positive than those deposited from a dual bath. The best corrosion resistance was found for multilayers consisting of four sublayers, each 3.0 μm thick, deposited both from a dual bath and from a single bath (with an oversublayer of Zn–Co 1%).
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1119-1123 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: anodic dissolution ; XPS ; zinc ; zinc hydroxide film
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The anodic dissolution of zinc RDE in NH4Cl and NH4Cl + ZnCl2 electrolytes at pH 5.5 was studied. XPS and SEM data indicate that the zinc electrode is covered by a porous film composed of a mixture of metallic zinc and zinc hydroxide. The thickness of the film and the zinc hydroxide content is much higher in zinc-containing electrolytes than in NH4Cl and, although the thickness and Zn(OH)2 amount decrease with anodic polarization, the electrode is never free from oxidized compounds. Electrochemical results indicate that at low overpotentials the rate of zinc dissolution is determined by the removal of the oxidized blocking particles, while at high overpotentials Zn dissolution takes place through the porous layer.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 245-251 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: aluminium ; electrodeposition ; indium ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Zinc and indium were deposited from sulphate and chloride electrolytes onto aluminium electrodes under potentiostatic conditions. The role of the anion, pH, cation concentration, cathodic potential and agitation were investigated. The deposit morphology and composition were studied by SEM and EDX. Potentiodynamic and galvanostatic techniques were also applied for product characterization. Once a critical amount of Zn was deposited preferred In deposition began without agitation. But under rotation or at low cathodic potentials Zn2+ discharge became the prevalent reaction. The results support the earlier hypothesis of the preferential adsorption of Zn ions [1].
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: activation ; aluminium alloys ; chloride ; indium ; tin ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of pure aluminium and three of its alloys were investigated in 0.6m NaCl in the presence and absence of In3+ ions. The study comprised polarization and potentiostatic current–time measurements complemented by SEM–EDAX investigation. In 0.6m NaCl the corrosion resistance of the alloys decreases in the following order: Al 〈 Al–Sn 〈 Al–Zn≃Al–Zn–Sn. The addition of In3+ ions to the test electrolyte revealed activation of pure Al which increases with increase of In3+ concentration. Similar results were obtained for the binary Al–Zn and the ternary Al–Zn–Sn alloys, while Al–Zn alloy displayed a higher activation effect with In3+. It is also concluded that the existence of Zn either as an alloying element or present as a cation in the electrolyte leads to an enhanced activity of aluminium in presence of In3+ ions. Deactivation is observed in the case of Al–Sn alloy on addition of In3+ because tin retards the diffusion pathway of In to the bulk alloy, in addition to the presence of iron as an impurity in the alloy.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 995-1003 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: chelating reagent ; corrosion protection ; inhibitor ; organometallic layer ; polarization curves ; surface analysis ; surface treatment ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect on the corrosion behaviour of zinc of a new organic molecule with chelating groups was investigated. Electrochemical studies of the zinc specimens were performed in aqueous sulfate–chloride solution (0.2 m Na2SO4 + 0.2 m NaCl, pH 5.6) using potentiostatic polarization techniques with a rotating disk electrode. Zinc samples, previously treated by immersion in the inhibiting organic solution, presented good corrosion resistance. The influence of the treatment bath pH and temperature on the protection efficiency has been emphasized. The recorded electrochemical data indicated a basic modification of the cathodic corrosion behaviour of the treated zinc resulting in a decrease of the electron transfer rate. Corrosion protection could be explained by a chelation reaction between zinc and organic molecules and the consequent growth of an organometallic layer strongly attached to the metal surface which prevented the formation of porous corrosion products in the chloride-sulfate medium. This protective film was studied using several surface analysis techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1297-1304 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrodeposition ; indium ; vitreous carbon ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The deposition of indium and zinc on vitreous carbon was studied by voltammetric, galvanostatic and single potentiostatic pulse techniques. The morphology and composition of deposits were analysed by SEM/EDX. The codeposition process occurs without the formation of alloys or intermetallic compounds. On the one hand under stagnant conditions or at low electrode rotation speeds, localized alkalization produced by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) favours deposition through an indium hydroxide layer, and deposits with the same atomic percentage of In and Zn are attained. On the other hand, under electrode rotation, preferred deposition of Zn takes place. In this case, the reduction of H+ by the In+ species, intermediate in the In3+ reduction process, diminishes the electrochemical HER on the substrate thus favouring Zn deposition. The higher nucleation rate on metallic deposits previously formed on the vitreous carbon surface is also likely.
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