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  • Artikel  (19)
  • viscosity  (19)
  • Springer  (19)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Oxford University Press
  • Wiley
  • 1995-1999  (19)
  • 1999  (19)
  • Physik  (19)
  • Medizin
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  • Artikel  (19)
Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Springer  (19)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Oxford University Press
  • Wiley
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1995-1999  (19)
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1367-1377 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): toluene ; vibrating-wire technique ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The paper presents new measurements of the viscosity of toluene over a temperature range from 210 to 370 K, from the saturation line up to pressures of 30 MPa. The measurements were performed with a vibrating-wire viscometer. The uncertainty of the measurements, confirmed above room temperature with the measurement of the viscosity of water, is estimated to be ±0.5%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 791-803 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): binary mixture ; critical consolute point ; dynamic light scattering ; mutual diffusion coefficient ; nitroethane–isooctane ; triethylamine–water ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The possibility of applying dynamic light scattering to simultaneous determination of the mutual diffusion coefficient and the viscosity of binary liquid systems was studied near the critical consolute point. When seed particles are added to the system, the particle diffusion coefficient is measured, and the viscosity is obtained using the Stokes–Einstein relation. Since the amplitude of light scattered from concentration fluctuations is low in a mixture with a small difference between the refractive indices of the pure components, this approach allowed the determination of the viscosity of a critical mixture of nitroethane and isooctane, without a signal component from mutual diffusivity superimposed. In contrast, particle aggregation prevented the determination of the viscosity of a critical mixture of triethylamine and water. Despite this difficulty, and an unidentified contribution in the signals obtained, the mutual diffusion coefficient and the critical exponent v could be determined in this system without a noticeable influence from the addition of seed particles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 815-823 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): alkanes ; alkanols ; alkenes ; aromatics ; corresponding states ; cycloalkanes ; esters ; liquids ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract It is of considerable importance to be able to predict accurately the viscosity of liquids over a wide range of conditions. In the present work, the ability of the three-parameter generalized corresponding states principle (GCSP) for the prediction of the viscosity of pure liquids is demonstrated. The viscosity of six different classes of pure liquids, viz., alkanes (19 compounds; 207 data points), cycloalkanes (6 compounds; 74 data points), alkenes (9 compounds; 146 data points), aromatics (4 compounds; 123 data points), alkanols (8 compounds; 89 data points), and esters (4 compounds; 28 data points) have been predicted over a wide range of temperatures using the three-parameter (T c, P c, θ) GCSP. Five options for the third parameter (θ) were studied, viz., Pitzer's acentric factor ω, molar mass M, characteristic viscosity η*, critical compressibility factor Z c, and modified acentric factor Ω, in addition to groups ωZ c and ΩZ c being treated as composite third parameters. Pressure effects were neglected. Good agreement between experimental and predicted values of viscosity was obtained, especially with either ω or η* being used as the third parameter. Furthermore, the viscosities of alkanes predicted by the TRAPP method and an empirical, generalized one-parameter model for liquid hydrocarbons provide comparisons with the more accurate GCSP method. The GCSP provides a simple and yet a powerful technique for the correlation and prediction of viscosities of a variety of pure liquids over a wide range of temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1005-1015 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): Co–Pd alloy ; electromagnetic levitation ; liquid metals ; microgravity ; Pd–Cu–Si alloy ; surface tension ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The viscosity and surface tension of liquid metals can be measured by observing the oscillations of a levitated drop. The frequency is related to the surface tension, while the viscosity determines the damping of the oscillations. If no external forces are present, as in microgravity, these relations are particularly simple and precise. During the recent Spacelab mission MSL-1, such experiments have been performed on Co–Pd and Pd–Cu–Si using the electromagnetic levitation facility TEMPUS. It was possible to obtain data over a wide temperature range, including the undercooled regime. While the temperature dependence of the surface tension remains linear over the complete range, the temperature dependence of the viscosity is much more pronounced and is discussed in terms of different models.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1071-1083 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): gas-film levitation ; high temperature ; oxide melts ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The gas levitation process development program has, so far, been focused mainly on contact-free manipulation, on molding and shaping of liquids, on high-temperature contact-free treatment, and on shaping and solidification of interesting materials for scientific and technical purposes. Recently proposed by Parayre for viscosity measurements, this process eliminates the perturbing effects of the container, in particular, that of crystallization when studying supercooled liquids. The method consists of extracting viscosity values from the damped decay of perturbed liquid drops floating on a gas-film. An apparatus has been designed and developed for viscosity values higher than 1 Pa·s and at temperatures up to 2000°C. The method was applied to a silicate glass of industrial interest containing 70 wt% per cent of SiO2, with viscosities ranging from 102 to 106 Pa·s. Experimental results are compared with the Vogel–Fulcher–Tamann law for viscosity predictions. This paper demonstrates the industrial and scientific interest of this new method for viscosity determinations, which can be used for the working and softening points of any glass. These results may lead to a better understanding of network-forming or network-modifying behavior in oxide glasses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1449-1465 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): alkyl acetate ; chloromethane ; Gibbs energy of activation ; hexane ; liquid mixtures ; molecular interactions ; tetrachloromethane ; trichloromethane ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The viscosity η for binary mixtures of methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), n-amyl acetate (nAA), isoamyl acetate (iAA), decyl acetate (DeA), and dodecyl acetate (DoA) with hexane and of MA, EA, nAA, and iAA with tetrachloromethane and trichloromethane has been measured at 303.15 K over the entire range of composition. The viscosity data have been correlated with the equations of Grunberg and Nissan; Hind, McLaughlin, and Ubbelohde; Tamura and Kurata; Katti and Chaudhri; McAllister; Heric and Brewer; and Auslaender. The viscosity deviations Δη and excess Gibbs energy of activation ΔG*E of viscous flow based on Eyring's theory have been calculated. The results have been analyzed in terms of disruption of dipolar association of alkyl acetate and molecular interaction between alkyl acetate and chloromethane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1653-1666 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): critical parameters ; dielectric constant ; difluoromethane ; dipole moment ; heat capacities ; HFC-32 ; pvT behavior ; refractive index ; saturation densities ; second virial coefficient ; speed of sound ; surface tension ; survey ; thermal conductivity ; vapor pressure ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A survey of experimental data for HFC-32 was prepared at the Institute of Thermomechanics in connection with planned experiments. In tabular form, surveys of thermodynamic, transport, and other property measurements, including pvT behavior, second virial coefficient, vapor pressure, saturation densities, critical parameters, heat capacities, speed of sound, thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, dielectric constant, and dipole moment, are presented. Tables include author)s) name(s), reference, year of publication, ranges of measurements, number of points, stated uncertainty, sample purity, and experimental method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 149-161 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): viscosity ; thermal conductivity ; rough-hard-sphere ; refrigerants ; refrigerant mixtures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Two methods are presented for the correlation and prediction of the viscosities and thermal conductivities of refrigerants R11, R12, R22, R32, R124, R125, R134a, R141b, and R152 and their mixtures. The first (termed RHS1) is a modified rough-hard-sphere method based on the smooth hard-sphere correlations of Assael et al. The method requires two or three parameters for characterizing each refrigerant but is able to correlate transport properties over wide ranges of pressure and temperature. The second method (RHS2) is also a modified rough-hard-sphere method, but based on an effective hard-sphere diameter for Lennard–Jones (LJ) fluids. The LJ parameters and the effective hard-sphere diameter required in this method are determined from a knowledge of the density–temperature behavior of the fluid at saturation. Comparisons with the rough-hard-sphere method of Assael and co-workers (RHS3) are shown. We also show that the RHS2 method can be used to correlate as well as predict the transport properties of refrigerants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 309-323 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): experiment ; model ; silicate melts ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In the present work; the viscosities in the quaternaries CaO–Fe n O–MgO–SiO2, Fe n O-MgO–MnO–SiO2, and CaO–MgO–MnO–SiO2 and the quinary CaO–Fe n O–MgO–MnO–SiO2 were studied. The experimental technique employed was the well-established rotating cylinder method, using a Brookfield digital viscometer mounted over a specially designed graphite furnace. Generally, iron crucibles were used along with iron spindles. Periodic calibrations of the experimental setup were made using the standard reference slag recommended by the European Union. The measurement's were carried out up to a maximum temperature of 1773 K in all cases. The reliability of the measurements were checked at different rotation speeds as well as during thermal cycling, and excellent reproducibility of the results was noted. The experimental viscosity values were incorporated into a viscosity model. Equations based on the model for calculating the viscosities of the quarternary systems CaO–Fe n O–MgO–SiO2, Fe n O–MgO–MnO–SiO2, and CaO–MgO–MnO–SiO2 and the quinary system CaO–Fe n O–MgO–MnO–SiO2 are provided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 365-373 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): R134a ; R32 ; R125 ; refrigerants ; vibrating-wire viscometer ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports the results of the measurement of the viscosity of R134a close to the saturation line in the vapor phase. The new measurements were carried out in a vibrating-wire viscometer specially constructed for the purpose, and the results have an accuracy of ±2%. In addition, the opportunity is taken to present a reevaluation of earlier measurements along the saturation line of the viscosity of R32 and R125. Improved equations of state for these fluids are now available and can be employed to generate improved values for the viscosity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 401-434 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): ammonia ; alternative refrigerants ; capillary viscometer ; R32 ; R134a ; saturated liquid ; radial acceleration correction ; vapor buoyancy ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The saturated liquid viscosity of ammonia (NH3) and of the hydrofluorocarbons, difluoromethane (CH2F2, R32) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CF3–CH2F, R134a), was measured in a sealed gravitational viscometer with a straight vertical capillary. The combined temperature range was from 250 to 350 K. The estimated uncertainty of the ammonia measurements is ±3.3 and ±2 to 2.4% for the hydrofluorocarbons with a coverage factor of two. The results are compared with literature data which have been measured with capillary viscometers of different design. Agreement within the combined experimental uncertainty is achieved when some of the literature data sets are corrected for the vapor buoyancy effect and when a revised radial acceleration correction is applied to data which were obtained in viscometers with coiled capillaries. An improved correction for the radial acceleration is proposed. It is necessary to extend inter-national viscometry standards to sealed gravitational capillary instruments because the apparent inconsistencies between refrigerant viscosity data from different laboratories cannot be explained by contaminated samples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 777-790 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): gaseous ; R404A ; R407C ; R410A ; R507 ; refrigerants ; saturation ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents new measurements of the viscosity of gaseous R404A (52 wt% R143a, 44 wt% R125, 4 wt% R134a), R407C (23 wt% R32, 25 wt% R125, 52 wt% R143a), R410A (50 wt% R32, 50 wt% R125), and R507 (50 wt% R143a, 50 wt% R125). These mixtures are recommended as substitutes for the refrigerants R22, R502, and R13B1. Measurements were carried out in an oscillating-disk viscometer. The obtained values of the viscosity are relative to the viscosity of nitrogen. The experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 297 to 403 K. and near the saturation line up to pressures of 0.6 P crit. The estimated uncertainty of the reported viscosities are ±0.5% for the viscosities at atmospheric pressure and ± 1% along the saturation line, being limited by the accuracy of the available vapor pressure and density data. The experimental viscosities at atmospheric pressure are employed to determine the intermolecular potential parameters, σ and ɛ, which provide the optimum representation of the data with the aid of the extended law of corresponding states developed by Kestin et al. A comparison of the experimental viscosity data with the values calculated by REFPROP, both at atmospheric pressure and along the saturation line, is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1791-1800 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): molten metals ; oscillating cup ; superalloy ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Molten metal processing can be effectively simulated using state-of-the-art computer algorithms, and manufacturers increasingly rely upon these tools to optimize the design of their operations. Reliable thermophysical properties of the solid, solid + liquid, and liquid phases are essential for effective computer simulation. Commercially available instruments can measure many of the required properties of molten metals (e.g., transformation temperatures, thermal conductivity, specific heat, latent heat, and density). However, there are no commercially available instruments to characterize several important thermophysical properties (e.g., emissivity, electrical resistivity, surface tension, and viscosity). Although the literature has numerous examples of measurements of surface tension using the sessile drop and the oscillating drop techniques, literature references are sparse with regard to measurements of emissivity, electrical resistivity, and viscosity. The present paper discusses the development of an oscillating cup viscometer and its application to characterizing the viscosity of fully molten industrial alloys. The theory behind the oscillating cup technique is reviewed, and the design details of the current instrument are discussed. In addition, experimental data of the viscosity of several nickel-based superalloys are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 435-443 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): corresponding states ; HFC-143a ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The viscosity of gaseous HFC-143a(1,1,1-trifluoroethane) was measured with an oscillating-disk viscometer of the Maxwell type at temperatures from 298.15 to 423.15 K and at pressures up to the saturated vapor pressure at each temperature under subcritical conditions or up to 9 MPa under supercritical conditions. Intermolecular potential parameters of HFC-143a for the extended corresponding states were determined from the viscosity data at 0.1 MPa. An empirical viscosity equation as functions of temperature and density is proposed to interpolate the present experimental results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 445-453 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): corresponding states ; HFC-125 ; oscillating-disk viscometer ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports experimental results lor the viscosity of gaseous HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane) under high pressures. The measurements were carried out with an oscillating-disk viscometer of the Maxwell type at temperatures from 298.15 to 423.15 K and at pressures up to the saturated vapor pressures at each temperature at subcritical conditions or up to 9 MPa at supercritical temperatures. Intermolecular scaling parameters of HFC-125 for the extended corresponding states were determined from the viscosity data at 0.1 MPa. An empirical viscosity equation is proposed to interpolate the present experimental results as a function of temperature and density.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 485-505 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): combined viscosity/density measurement ; density ; magnetic suspension balance ; magnetic suspension coupling ; single-sinker densimeter ; viscometer ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A new apparatus for measuring the viscosity and density of fluids is presented. The main element of the instrument is an electronically controlled magnetic suspension coupling. For the density measurement (buoyancy principle according to the single-sinker method), this coupling is used for the contactless transfer of the forces acting on a sinker in the measuring cell to an analytical balance. The coupling also serves as a frictionless bearing for a slender rotating cylindrical body which is slowed down due to the viscous drag of the fluid surrounding the cylinder. The viscosity of the fluid can be directly determined from the decay rate of the rotational frequency. The new combined viscometer-densimeter covers a viscosity range of 5 to 150 μPa·s and a density range from 20 to 2000 kg·m−3 at temperatures from 233 to 523 K and pressures up to 30 MPa. Test measurements on the viscosities and densities of nitrogen and carbon dioxide at 253, 293, and 523 K at pressures up to 30 MPa show an estimated total uncertainty of ±0.6 to ±1.0% in viscosity and of ±0.02 to ±0.05% in density.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 889-898 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): critical behavior ; lower critical solution point ; mixture ; viscosity ; water ; 3-methylpyridine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Shear viscosity measurements for a critical mixture of 3-methylpyridine + heavy water near a lower critical consolute point are reported. The background contribution was determined from viscosity measurements of mixture at a noncritical composition. In the entire investigated temperature range T c – T≤ 15.6 K, the viscosity of the critical mixture exceeds the background contribution, and the critical enhancement is important. The increase of the viscosity near critical is found in the temperature range T c–T≤ 1.82 K. The critical exponent y = 0.0415 ± 0.002 and the wave number Q = (0.40 ± 0.07) nm−1 are determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 1435-1448 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): benzene ; cyclohexane ; cyclopentane ; density ; 1,3-dioxolane ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports density and viscosity measurements for the binary mixtures of cyclopentane or cyclohexane or benzene with 1,3-dioxolane at 283.15, 298.15, and 313.15 K. From the experimental data, excess volumes and excess viscosities were calculated and the results were fitted to a Redlich–Kister-type equation. The results are discussed in terms of molecular interactions. The Prigogine–Flory–Patterson and Blomfield–Dewan theories were used to analyze the results at 298.15 K.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 237-245 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Schlagwort(e): critical properties ; data bank ; density ; diffusion coefficients ; evaluated data ; organic mixtures ; solubility ; surface tension ; thermal conductivity ; viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract DIPPR Project 882 was organized to develop a computerized databank of selected and evaluated physical, thermodynamic, and transport properties for mixtures of primarily organic compounds. The properties include: liquid viscosities, liquid thermal conductivities, mutual diffusion coefficients, excess volumes and densities, surface tensions, critical temperatures, critical pressures and densities, and solubilities of sparingly soluble organic compounds. The collection is not complete. It is estimated that the complete collection covers about 90% of the mixture classes, contains about 85% of the binary systems published, references about 80% of the data sources, and is a repository for about 85% of all the data published (these estimates exclude density and solubility where the coverage was not intended to be comprehensive). Exhaustive literature searches were made. The data from the original literature were assessed and differences from the pure component values derived from the DIPPR Project 801 and other reliable evaluated data sources for pure compounds were noted. In cases where the differences were excessive, the data sets were rejected. The total collection consists of about 2140 mixture/property pairs covering 361 mixture classes. The results of the project are distributed as five books in the series Transport Properties and Related Thermodynamic Data of Binary Mixtures published by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and in electronic form as the DIPMIX Database on Transport Properties and Related Thermodynamic Data for Binary Mixtures distributed by the Thermodynamics Research Center.
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