ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (32)
  • neural networks  (23)
  • Virtual reality  (8)
  • taxonomy
  • wheat
  • Springer  (32)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1995-1999  (32)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
  • 1999  (32)
  • Computer Science  (32)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why not Artificial Consciousness or Thought? (1999)
    Springer
    Minds and machines 9 (1999), S. 3-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8641
    Keywords: physical symbols ; formal programs ; neural networks ; designation ; interpretation ; representation ; semantics ; intensional meaning ; extensional meaning ; causal capacities ; emergence ; levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this article is to show why consciousness and thought are not manifested in digital computers. Analyzing the rationale for claiming that the formal manipulation of physical symbols in Turing machines would emulate human thought, the article attempts to show why this proved false. This is because the reinterpretation of ‘designation’ and ‘meaning’ to accommodate physical symbol manipulation eliminated their crucial functions in human discourse. Words have denotations and intensional meanings because the brain transforms the physical stimuli received from the microworld into a qualitative, macroscopic representation for consciousness. Lacking this capacity as programmed machines, computers have no representations for their symbols to designate and mean. Unlike human beings in which consciousness and thought, with their inherent content, have emerged because of their organic natures, serial processing computers or parallel distributed processing systems, as programmed electrical machines, lack these causal capacities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008374714117
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction: from legal theories to neural networks and fuzzy reasoning (1999)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 7 (1999), S. 115-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: analogy ; fuzzy logic ; learning ; legal formalism ; neural networks ; vagueness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract Computational approaches to the law have frequently been characterized as being formalistic implementations of the syllogistic model of legal cognition: using insufficient or contradictory data, making analogies, learning through examples and experiences, applying vague and imprecise standards. We argue that, on the contrary, studies on neural networks and fuzzy reasoning show how AI & law research can go beyond syllogism, and, in doing that, can provide substantial contributions to the law.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008371600675
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Out of their minds: legal theory in neural networks (1999)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 7 (1999), S. 129-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: connectionism ; legal philosophy ; legal theory ; neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the use of connectionism (neural networks) in modelling legal reasoning. I discuss how the implementations of neural networks have failed to account for legal theoretical perspectives on adjudication. I criticise the use of neural networks in law, not because connectionism is inherently unsuitable in law, but rather because it has been done so poorly to date. The paper reviews a number of legal theories which provide a grounding for the use of neural networks in law. It then examines some implementations undertaken in law and criticises their legal theoretical naïvete. It then presents a lessons from the implementations which researchers must bear in mind if they wish to build neural networks which are justified by legal theories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008301122056
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Object Recognition and Selective Handling by a Robot (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 25 (1999), S. 121-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: invariant object recognition ; pattern recognition ; neural networks ; flexible manufacturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A small flexible production cell has been built around a selectively compliant articulated robot arm. Moving on a conveyor belt, boxes marked with different labels are presented to the robot in a random order. Using a camera and a vision card, the labels on the boxes are recognized. Each one of the labels can be rotated, translated or scaled. Three different invariant feature extraction methods (signature, invariant moments of Hu and Zernike) are compared. A neural net is used to classify the labels. The task of the SCARA robot is to pick up the moving boxes and to sort them according to their labels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008088209663
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning Complex Tasks Using a Stepwise Approach (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 24 (1999), S. 43-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: learning robots ; system organization ; optimization ; physical equation ; look-ut table ; neural networks ; fuzzy controllers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper explores a stepwise learning approach based on a system's decomposition into functional subsystems. Two case studies are examined: a visually guided robot that learns to track a maneuvering object, and a robot that learns to use the information from a force sensor in order to put a peg into a hole. These two applications show the features and advantages of the proposed approach: i) the subsystems naturally arise as functional components of the hardware and software; ii) these subsystems are building blocks of the robot behavior and can be combined in several ways for performing various tasks; iii) this decomposition makes it easier to check the performances and detect the cause of a malfunction; iv) only those subsystems for which a satisfactory solution is not available need to be learned; v) the strategy proposed for coordinating the optimization of all subsystems ensures an improvement at the task-level; vi) the overall system's behavior is significantly improved by the stepwise learning approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008058131402
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable Neuro-Adaptive Control for Robots with the Upper Bound Estimation on the Neural Approximation Errors (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 26 (1999), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: robots ; neural networks ; adaptiveness ; stability ; approximation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An indirect adaptive control approach is developed in this paper for robots with unknown nonlinear dynamics using neural networks (NNs). A key property of the proposed approach is that the actual joint angle values in the control law are replaced by the desired joint angles, angle velocities and accelerators, and the bound on the NN reconstruction errors is assumed to be unknown. Main theoretical results for designing such a neuro-controller are given, and the control performance of the proposed controller is verified with simulation studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008195720685
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Tuning of PID Controllers Using a Neural Network Model: A Seesaw Example (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 25 (1999), S. 43-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: PID control ; GAs ; neural networks ; multivariable systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract When genetic algorithms (GAs) are applied for PID parameter tuning, since the PID parameters are adjusted almost randomly, it is possible that the plant will be damaged due to abrupt changes in PID parameters. To solve this problem, a neural network will be used to model the plant and the genetic tuning procedure will be performed on the neural network instead of the plant. After determining the PID parameters in this off-line manner, these gains are then applied to the plant for on-line control. Moreover, considering that the neural network model may not be accurate enough, a method is also proposed for on-line fine-tuning of PID parameters. To show the validity of the proposed method, a seesaw system that has one input and two outputs will be used for experimental evaluation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008077610571
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Introduction to Variational Methods for Graphical Models (1999)
    Springer
    Machine learning 37 (1999), S. 183-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: graphical models ; Bayesian networks ; belief networks ; probabilistic inference ; approximate inference ; variational methods ; mean field methods ; hidden Markov models ; Boltzmann machines ; neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a tutorial introduction to the use of variational methods for inference and learning in graphical models (Bayesian networks and Markov random fields). We present a number of examples of graphical models, including the QMR-DT database, the sigmoid belief network, the Boltzmann machine, and several variants of hidden Markov models, in which it is infeasible to run exact inference algorithms. We then introduce variational methods, which exploit laws of large numbers to transform the original graphical model into a simplified graphical model in which inference is efficient. Inference in the simpified model provides bounds on probabilities of interest in the original model. We describe a general framework for generating variational transformations based on convex duality. Finally we return to the examples and demonstrate how variational algorithms can be formulated in each case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007665907178
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Sample Complexity for Nonoverlapping Neural Networks (1999)
    Springer
    Machine learning 37 (1999), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: neural networks ; read-once formulas ; threshold gates ; sigmoidal gates ; PAC learning ; Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A neural network is said to be nonoverlapping if there is at most one edge outgoing from each node. We investigate the number of examples that a learning algorithm needs when using nonoverlapping neural networks as hypotheses. We derive bounds for this sample complexity in terms of the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension. In particular, we consider networks consisting of threshold, sigmoidal and linear gates. We show that the class of nonoverlapping threshold networks and the class of nonoverlapping sigmoidal networks on n inputs both have Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension Ω(nlog n). This bound is asymptotically tight for the class of nonoverlapping threshold networks. We also present an upper bound for this class where the constants involved are considerably smaller than in a previous calculation. Finally, we argue that the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension of nonoverlapping threshold or sigmoidal networks cannot become larger by allowing the nodes to compute linear functions. This sheds some light on a recent result that exhibited neural networks with quadratic Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007609822199
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural Networks and Structured Knowledge: Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (1999)
    Springer
    Applied intelligence 11 (1999), S. 5-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7497
    Keywords: neural networks ; knowledge representation ; structured knowledge reasoning ; connectionism ; symbol processing ; hybrid systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This collection of articles is the first of two parts of a special issue on “Neural Networks and Structured Knowledge.” The contributions to the first part shed some light on the issues of knowledge representation and reasoning with neural networks. Their scope ranges from formal models for mapping discrete structures like graphs or logical formulae onto different types of neural networks, to the construction of practical systems for various types of reasoning. In the second part to follow, the emphasis will be on the extraction of knowledge from neural networks, and on applications of neural networks and structured knowledge to practical tasks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008327412259
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparing Structures Using a Hopfield-Style Neural Network (1999)
    Springer
    Applied intelligence 11 (1999), S. 15-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7497
    Keywords: neural networks ; structured objects ; machine learning ; classification ; similarity ; nearest neighbor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Labeled graphs are an appropriate and popular representation of structured objects in many domains. If the labels describe the properties of real world objects and their relations, finding the best match between two graphs turns out to be the weakly defined, NP-complete task of establishing a mapping between them that maps similar parts onto each other preserving as much as possible of their overall structural correspondence. In this paper, former approaches of structural matching and constraint relaxation by spreading activation in neural networks and the method of solving optimization tasks using Hopfield-style nets are combined. The approximate matching task is reformulated as the minimization of a quadratic energy function. The design of the approach enables the user to change the parameters and the dynamics of the net so that knowledge about matching preferences is included easily and transparently. In the last section, some examples demonstrate the successful application of this approach in classification and learning in the domain of organic chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008320413168
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploiting Hierarchy in Text Categorization (1999)
    Springer
    Information retrieval 1 (1999), S. 193-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7659
    Keywords: information retrieval ; text mining ; topic spotting ; text categorization ; knowledge management ; problem decomposition ; machine learning ; neural networks ; probabilistic models ; hierarchical models ; performance evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract With the recent dramatic increase in electronic access to documents, text categorization—the task of assigning topics to a given document—has moved to the center of the information sciences and knowledge management. This article uses the structure that is present in the semantic space of topics in order to improve performance in text categorization: according to their meaning, topics can be grouped together into “meta-topics”, e.g., gold, silver, and copper are all metals. The proposed architecture matches the hierarchical structure of the topic space, as opposed to a flat model that ignores the structure. It accommodates both single and multiple topic assignments for each document. Its probabilistic interpretation allows its predictions to be combined in a principled way with information from other sources. The first level of the architecture predicts the probabilities of the meta-topic groups. This allows the individual models for each topic on the second level to focus on finer discriminations within the group. Evaluating the performance of a two-level implementation on the Reuters-22173 testbed of newswire articles shows the most significant improvement for rare classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009983522080
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medical Data Mining on the Internet: Research on a Cancer Information System (1999)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 13 (1999), S. 437-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Keywords: CancerLit ; concept spaces ; data mining ; Hopfield net ; information retrieval ; Kohonen net ; medical knowledge ; neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses several data mining algorithms and techniques thatwe have developed at the University of Arizona Artificial Intelligence Lab.We have implemented these algorithms and techniques into severalprototypes, one of which focuses on medical information developed incooperation with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign. We propose an architecture for medicalknowledge information systems that will permit data mining across severalmedical information sources and discuss a suite of data mining tools that weare developing to assist NCI in improving public access to and use of theirexisting vast cancer information collections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006548623067
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Hybrid Architecture for Situated Learning of Reactive Sequential Decision Making (1999)
    Springer
    Applied intelligence 11 (1999), S. 109-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7497
    Keywords: hybrid models ; sequential decision making ; neural networks ; reinforcement learning ; cognitive modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In developing autonomous agents, one usually emphasizes only (situated) procedural knowledge, ignoring more explicit declarative knowledge. On the other hand, in developing symbolic reasoning models, one usually emphasizes only declarative knowledge, ignoring procedural knowledge. In contrast, we have developed a learning model CLARION, which is a hybrid connectionist model consisting of both localist and distributed representations, based on the two-level approach proposed in [40]. CLARION learns and utilizes both procedural and declarative knowledge, tapping into the synergy of the two types of processes, and enables an agent to learn in situated contexts and generalize resulting knowledge to different scenarios. It unifies connectionist, reinforcement, and symbolic learning in a synergistic way, to perform on-line, bottom-up learning. This summary paper presents one version of the architecture and some results of the experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008332731824
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Neural Network Diagnosis Approach for Analog Circuits (1999)
    Springer
    Applied intelligence 11 (1999), S. 169-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7497
    Keywords: neural networks ; multiple fault diagnosis ; analog circuits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a neural network system for the diagnosis of analog circuits and shows how the performance of such a system can be affected by the choice of different techniques used by its submodules. In particular we discuss the influence of feature extraction techniques such as Fourier Transforms, Wavelets and Principal Component Analysis. The system uses several different power supplies and as many neural networks “in parallel”. Two different algorithms that can be used to combine the candidate sets produced by each network are also presented. The system is capable of diagnosing multiple faults even if trained on single ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008376430315
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Symmetric Probabilistic Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Attractors of Neural Networks (1999)
    Springer
    Applied intelligence 10 (1999), S. 71-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7497
    Keywords: encryption ; chaotic attractors ; neural networks ; symmetric-key
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A new probabilistic symmetric-key encryption scheme based on chaotic-classified properties of Hopfield neural networks is described. In an overstoraged Hopfield Neural Network (OHNN) the phenomenon of chaotic-attractors is well documented and messages in the attraction domain of an attractor are unpredictably related to each other. By performing permutation operations on the neural synaptic matrix, several interesting chaotic-classified properties of OHNN were found and these were exploited in developing a new cryptography technique. By keeping the permutation operation of the neural synaptic matrix as the secret key, we introduce a new probabilistic encryption scheme for a symmetric-key cryptosystem. Security and encryption efficiency of the new scheme are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008337631906
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fusion Via a Linear Combination of Scores (1999)
    Springer
    Information retrieval 1 (1999), S. 151-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7659
    Keywords: linear combination ; fusion ; neural networks ; routing ; performance evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a thorough analysis of the capabilities of the linear combination (LC) model for fusion of information retrieval systems. The LC model combines the results lists of multiple IR systems by scoring each document using a weighted sum of the scores from each of the component systems. We first present both empirical and analytical justification for the hypotheses that such a model should only be used when the systems involved have high performance, a large overlap of relevant documents, and a small overlap of nonrelevant documents. The empirical approach allows us to very accurately predict the performance of a combined system. We also derive a formula for a theoretically optimal weighting scheme for combining 2 systems. We introduce d—the difference between the average score on relevant documents and the average score on nonrelevant documents—as a performance measure which not only allows mathematical reasoning about system performance, but also allows the selection of weights which generalize well to new documents. We describe a number of experiments involving large numbers of different IR systems which support these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009980820262
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural Networks in Non-Euclidean Spaces (1999)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 10 (1999), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: neural networks ; learning ; minimal distance methods ; similarity-based methods ; machine learning ; interpretation of neural functions ; classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs) use scalar products to compute weighted activation of neurons providing decision borders using combinations of soft hyperplanes. The weighted fun-in activation function may be replaced by a distance function between the inputs and the weights, offering a natural generalization of the standard MLP model. Non-Euclidean distance functions may also be introduced by normalization of the input vectors into an extended feature space. Both approaches influence the shapes of decision borders dramatically. An illustrative example showing these changes is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018728407584
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Relaxation Procedure in the Hopfield Network for Solving Optimization Problems (1999)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 10 (1999), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: constraint satisfaction ; Hopfield network ; neural networks ; optimization ; relaxation procedure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract When solving an optimization problem with a Hopfield network, a solution is obtained after the network is relaxed to an equilibrium state. The relaxation process is an important step in achieving a solution. In this paper, a new procedure for the relaxation process is proposed. In the new procedure, the amplified signal received by a neuron from other neurons is treated as the target value for its activation (output) value. The activation of a neuron is updated directly based on the difference between its current activation and the received target value, without using the updating of the input value as an intermediate step. A relaxation rate is applied to control the updating scale for a smooth relaxation process. The new procedure is evaluated and compared with the original procedure in the Hopfield network through simulations based on 200 randomly generated instances of the 10-city traveling salesman problem. The new procedure reduces the error rate by 34.6% and increases the percentage of valid tours by 194.6% as compared with the original procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018780424422
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance Analysis of Neural Network Detectors by Importance Sampling Techniques (1999)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 9 (1999), S. 257-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: detectors ; detection and false alarm probabilities ; importance sampling techniques ; Monte Carlo simulations ; neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Often, Neural Networks are involved in binary detectors of communication, radar or sonar systems. The design phase of a neural network detector usually requires the application of Monte Carlo trials in order to estimate some performance parameters. The classical Monte Carlo method is suitable to estimate high event probabilities (higher than 0.01), but not suitable to estimate very low event probabilities (say, 10−5 or less). For estimations of very low false alarm probabilities (or error probabilities), a modified Monte Carlo technique, the so-called Importance Sampling (IS) technique, is considered in this paper; some topics are developed, such as optimal and suboptimal IS probability density functions (biasing density functions), control parameters and new algorithms for the minimization of the estimator error. The main novelty of this paper is the application of an efficient IS technique on neural networks, drastically reducing the number of patterns required for testing events of low probability. As a practical application, the IS technique is applied to a neural detector on a radar (or sonar) system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018612207016
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Neural-Network-Based Approach to Detecting Hyperellipsoidal Shells (1999)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 9 (1999), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: cluster analysis ; neural networks ; shell detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a novel class of neural networks which can be trained in an unsupervised manner to detect a mixture of hyperellipsoidal shells and/or segments of hyperellipsoidal shells. This approach is computationally and implementationally simpler than other clustering algorithms that have been suggested for this purpose. Experimental results on several data sets are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018676508833
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Multilayer Perceptrons Model for the Stability of a Bipedal Robot (1999)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 9 (1999), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: dynamical equilibrium ; walking robots ; neural networks ; Levenberg-Marquardt's rules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A neural network model is proposed as a means of controlling the dynamical equilibrium of a walking bipedal robot. As a criterion to determine the stability of such a robot in relation with the organization of the sensorimotor system, we have been making use of the ZMP (Zero Momentum Point). Simulations are used to check the convergence of the algorithm. In the generalization phase, it is shown that the neural network has the ability to stabilise the robot for motions which have not previously been learned. An extended model is proposed, which seeks to closely inspect the physiology of the cerebellar cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018631315677
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    System Thoughts in Manufacturing (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of systems integration 9 (1999), S. 167-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8787
    Keywords: flexibility ; complexity ; systems approach ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present a taxonomy of manufacturing problems, labeled in a general sense as Design, Production, or Distribution problems. One or more basic systems concepts, such as complexity and adaptation, attach themselves to each such problems. By combining the hierarchical Design—Production—Distribution idea with system concepts, we establish the fact that there is, indeed, a significant systems component to most problems of modern manufacturing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008422627181
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peltier Haptic Interface (PHI) for improved sensation of touch in virtual environments (1999)
    Springer
    Virtual reality 4 (1999), S. 260-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9957
    Keywords: Haptic ; Peltier ; Tactile ; Virtual reality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this report we describe an advanced virtual reality glove that we are developing, called the Peltier Haptic Interface (PHI), which will provide improved sensation of touch in virtual environments. PHI will provide force/pressure feedback that can be varied independently on each finger, as well as temperature sensation that can be varied non-uniformly over the whole hand. The combination of these sensations will provide a more realistic sense of touch and significantly increase the realism of virtual environments. PHI will find extensive applications in biomedical simulations, teaching, industrial line training, and many other areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01421809
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of virtual reality in hospital facilities design (1999)
    Springer
    Virtual reality 4 (1999), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9957
    Keywords: Virtual reality ; CFD ; Building layout ; Hospital facilities design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The airborne particles present in certain hospital environments, such as the tuberculosis isolation or operating rooms, can be extremely harmful for patients and/or hospital personnel. An important issue during the design of hospital facilities is an efficient airborne particle removal system. A near-optimal setup of the parameters that affect the airflow, and consequently the airborne particle trajectories within the room is desirable. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an alternative to tedious and time-consuming experimental investigations during the design phase, when a large number of alternatives need to be evaluated. The main limitations of CFD application in building design are the high level of skill required, the complexity of the setup phase, and the difficulty of output data interpretation using common 2D (two-dimensional) display devices. A virtual reality (VR) environment can help in overcoming some of these limitations. A CFD/VR procedure for design of contaminant-free hospital facilities is presented in this paper. By means of a VR preprocessing step, inferior solutions can be discharged to drastically reduce the number of configurations to investigate. Then, a CFD/VR tool is used to explore the restricted set of room layouts. The 3D (three-dimensional), immersive visualisation of an indoor space and of the particle motion inside it allows the user to really see the particle flows and consequently understand the effects of room parameters on particle motion throughout the room. In this way a close-to-optimal configuration of the room layout and of the ventilation system can be achieved more speedily and more conveniently compared to traditional CFD investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418158
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration of electromagnetic tracking devices (1999)
    Springer
    Virtual reality 4 (1999), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9957
    Keywords: Electromagnetic tracker ; Tracker calibration ; Polynomial fit ; Virtual reality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Electromagnetic tracking devices are often used to track location and orientation of a user in a virtual reality environment. Their precision, however, is not always high enough because of the dependence of the system on the local electromagnetic field which can be altered easily by many external factors. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the calibration techniques used to improve the precision of the electromagnetic tracking devices and to present a new method that compensates both the position and orientation errors. It is shown numerically that significant improvements in the precision of the detected position and orientation can be achieved with a small number of calibration measurements to be taken. Unresolved problems and research topics related to the proposed method are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408592
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virtual risks: Rich domain risk and technology transfer failure as design criteria in the Sheffield Knee Arthroscopy Trainer (SKATS) (1999)
    Springer
    Virtual reality 4 (1999), S. 192-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9957
    Keywords: Virtual reality ; Surgical training ; Simulation ; Design ; Technology-transfer ; Risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper an example of Virtual Reality (VR) system design in a safety-critical training domain is discussed. In particular, a model for design is presented. This model seeks to create operational definitions of risk in the surgical domain. Perhaps more importantly, it also seeks to discover operational predictors of the risk of technology-transfer failure as a fundamental requisite for the early design. Typically both of these activities do take place in some form in most designs, but they are frequently III-conceived due to inappropriate timing, low importance, insufficient methodological rigour and the absence of a pre-existent integration model. Using examples from the Sheffield Knee Arthroscopy Training System (SKATS), we will discuss the contention that equal research effort needs to be spent on core design issues as on the technological VR design. Specifically, we will propose a set of guidelines for the research and development of risk metrics in Virtual Environment (VE) design and technology-transfer for safety-critical training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418155
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creating natural language interfaces to VR systems (1999)
    Springer
    Virtual reality 4 (1999), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9957
    Keywords: Natural language processing ; Natural language interfaces ; Speech interfaces ; Speech interface design ; Speech recognition ; Virtual reality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Two research projects are described that explore the use of spoken natural language interfaces to virtual reality (VR) systems. Both projects combine off-the-shelf speech recognition and synthesis technology with in-house command interpreters that interface to the VR applications. Details about the interpreters and other technical aspects of the projects are provided, together with a discussion of some of the design decisions involved in the creation of speech interfaces. Questions and issues raised by the projects are presented as inspiration for future work. These issues include: requirements for object and information representation in VR models to support natural language interfaces; use of the visual context to establish the interaction context; difficulties with referencing events in the virtual world; and problems related to the usability of speech and natural language interfaces in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408589
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICOME: An Immersive Collaborative 3D Object Modelling Environment (1999)
    Springer
    Virtual reality 4 (1999), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9957
    Keywords: Immersive modelling ; Collaborative work ; Virtual reality ; Networking ; User interfacing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In most existing immersive virtual environments, 3D geometry is imported from external packages. Within ICOME (an Immersive Collaborative 3D Object Modelling Environment) we focus on the immersive construction of 3D geometrical objects within the environment itself. Moreover, the framework allows multiple people to simultaneously undertake 3D modelling tasks in a collaborative way. This article describes the overall architecture, which conceptually follows a client/server approach. The various types of clients, which are implemented, are described in detail. Some illustrative 3D object modelling examples are given. Extensions to the system with regard to 3D audio are also mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408591
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Banded matrix approach to Finite Element modelling for soft tissue simulation (1999)
    Springer
    Virtual reality 4 (1999), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9957
    Keywords: Virtual reality ; Surgical simulation ; Real-time analysis ; Finite element modelling ; Haptic feedback ; Soft tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Realistic deformation of computer-simulated anatomica structures is computationally intensive. As a result, simple methodologies not based in continuum mechanics have been employed for achieving real-time deformation of virtual anatomy. Since the graphical interpolations and simple spring models commonly used in these simulations are not based on the biomechanical properties of tissue structures, these ‘quick and dirty” methods typically do not represent accurately the complex deformations and force-feedback interactions that can take place during surgery. Finite Element (FE) analysis is widely regarded as the most appropriate alternative to these methods. Extensive research has been directed toward applying this method to modelling a wide range of biological structures, and a few simple FE models have been incorporated into surgical simulations. However, because of the highly computational nature of the FE method, its direct application to real-time force-feedback and visualisation of tissue deformation has not been practical for most simulations. This limitation is due primarily to the overabundance of information provided by the standard FE approaches. If the mathematics are optimised through preprocessing to yield only the information essential to the simulation task, run-time computation requirements can be reduced drastically. We are currently developing such methodologies, and have created computer demonstrations that support real-time interaction with soft tissue. To illustrate the efficacy and utility of these fast “banded matrix” FE methods, we present results from a skin suturing simulator which we are developing on a PC-based platform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418156
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICOME: An Immersive Collaborative 3D Object Modelling Environment (1999)
    Springer
    Virtual reality 4 (1999), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9957
    Keywords: Immersive modelling ; Collaborative work ; Virtual reality ; Networking ; User interfacing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In most existing immersive virtual environments, 3D geometry is imported from external packages. Within ICOME (an immersive Collaborative 3D Object Modelling Environment) we focus on the immersive construction of 3D geometrical objects within the environment itself. Moreover, the framework allows multiple people to simultaneously undertake 3D modelling tasks in a collaborative way. This article describes the overall architecture, which conceptually follows a client/server approach. The various types of clients, which are implemented, are described in detail. Some illustrative 3D object modelling examples are given. Extensions to the system with regard to 3D audio are also mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01421810
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning of Sensor-Based Arm Motions while Executing High-Level Descriptions of Tasks (1999)
    Springer
    Autonomous robots 7 (1999), S. 57-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7527
    Keywords: sensor-based manipulators ; multi-goal reaching tasks ; reinforcement learning ; neural networks ; differential inverse kinematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Our work focuses on making an autonomous robot manipulator learn suitable collision-free motions from local sensory data while executing high-level descriptions of tasks. The robot arm must reach a sequence of targets where it undertakes some manipulation. The robot manipulator has a sonar sensing skin covering its links to perceive the obstacles in its surroundings. We use reinforcement learning for that purpose, and the neural controller acquires appropriate reaction strategies in acceptable time provided it has some a priori knowledge. This knowledge is specified in two main ways: an appropriate codification of the signals of the neural controller—inputs, outputs and reinforcement—and decomposition of the learning task. The codification facilitates the generalization capabilities of the network as it takes advantage of inherent symmetries and is quite goal-independent. On the other hand, the task of reaching a certain goal position is decomposed into two sequential subtasks: negotiate obstacles and move to goal. Experimental results show that the controller achieves a good performance incrementally in a reasonable time and exhibits high tolerance to failing sensors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008969830273
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...