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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 33 (1999), S. 247-264 
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: Internet ; World Wide Web ; literary research ; criticism ; electronic publication ; Rushdie ; Satanic Verses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract The project of creating annotations to Salman Rushdie's novel, The Satanic Verses, involved drawing on many resources on the Internet, including Web pages, E-mail lists, and individual correspondents. Internet research naturally stimulates collaborative research, and the end product is more flexible, useful, and available to a wider audience than is conventional paper publishing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Informatik-Spektrum 22 (1999), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 1432-122X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter World Wide Web ; Internet ; HTTP ; CGI ; Java ; Informationssysteme ; Sicherheit ; verteilte Systeme ; Key words World Wide Web ; Internet ; HTTP ; CGI ; Java ; Information systems ; Security ; Distributed systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The commercial use of the World Wide Web causes a far-reaching change in information technology. Web-browser are becoming the universal front-end for all kinds of client-server applications. Many commercial systems such as information or reservation systems are shifted towards web-based systems. This paper surveys the techniques to realize web-based applications and provides a classification of these techniques. The related security risks are also discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kommerzialisierung des World Wide Web bewirkt eine weitreichende Veränderung der Informationstechnologie. Web-Browser entwickeln sich zum universellen Front-End für Client-Server Anwendungen. Viele kommerzielle Anwendungen wie Informationssysteme oder Buchungssysteme werden auf Web-basierte Systeme umgestellt. In diesem Übersichtsartikel wird eine Klassifikation der bei Web-basierten Anwendungen verwendeten Techniken vorgenommen. Die einzelnen Techniken werden genau beschrieben und miteinander verglichen. Darüberhinaus werden die mit diesen Anwendungen einhergehenden Sicherheitsprobleme diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-122X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Nachweis-Datenbanken ; digitale Bibliotheken ; Internet ; Wissensversorgung ; Key words Reference databases ; Digital libraries ; Internet ; Knowledge acquisition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Reference databases and electronic fulltext documents are important pillars on which knowledge acquisition for IT professionals rests on. Searching the Internet can play a supplementary role only. The database CompuScience is a fulcrum for knowledge in our field and needs to be extended. Recent trials by libraries with electronic fulltext documents are quite promising. This may, in the long run, change user attitudes. Solutions should be supported and services introduced now that students and practitioners can rely on. Computer scientists are interested and obliged to develop creative concepts and to provide technical leadership in this area.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Literatur-Nachweis-Datenbanken und elektronischer Volltext sind wichtige Säulen, auf denen die Wissensversorgung der in der Informatik tätigen Fachleute ruht. Die offene Suche im Internet kann hier nur eine unterstützende Rolle spielen. In der Datenbank CompuScience hat die Informatik eine Drehscheibe der Wissensversorgung, die es auszubauen gilt. Bezüglich der elektronischen Volltext-Versorgung durch überregionale Bibliotheken gibt es erste Erfolg versprechende Versuche, die zu langfristigen Veränderungen im Nutzerverhalten führen können. Es geht jetzt darum, Lösungen zu unterstützen und Dienstleistungen einzuführen, auf die sich Studierende und die im Beruf tätigen Fachleute verlassen können. Die Informatik hat ein Interesse und eine Verpflichtung, kreative Konzepte zu entwickeln und ihre Vorreiterrolle auf diesem Gebiet weiter wahrzunehmen.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Netnomics 1 (1999), S. 107-126 
    ISSN: 1573-7071
    Keywords: Java ; Internet ; object standardization ; network externalities ; software industry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The computer software market is a textbook example of network externalities: if a user decides to work with a specific program, the utility of all other users of the same product increases. This increase in utility is not compensated for by the market; thus one speaks of network externalities. Such network externalities lead to a natural tendency towards quasi standardization, favoring a high market concentration on the supply side. This article demonstrates that Java programs combined with an appropriate object standardization may reduce the influence of the network externalities, giving smaller companies a better chance to compete successfully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational economics 14 (1999), S. 89-107 
    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Keywords: Internet ; World Wide Web ; Hypertext Markup Language ; Portable Document Format ; Java
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The rapid rise of the Internet has lead to new technologies. These include HTML, the basic ‘markup’ language for pages on the World Wide Web; PDF, a file format designed for precise layout control of documents like working papers and journals, and Java, a general purpose language ideally suited for use on the Internet. This paper introduces these technologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Distributed and parallel databases 7 (1999), S. 149-177 
    ISSN: 1573-7578
    Keywords: electronic commerce ; electronic market place ; trading ; relational database management system ; JDBC ; Java ; Internet ; WWW
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Electronic commerce systems for business-to-business commerce on the Internet are still in their infancy. The realization of Internet electronic markets for business-to-business following a n-suppliers: m-customers scenario is still unattainable with todays solutions. Comprehensive Internet electronic commerce systems should provide for easy access to and handling of the system, help to overcome differences in time of business, location, language between suppliers and customers, and at the same time should support the entire process of trading for business-to-business commerce. In this paper, we present a DBMS-based electronic commerce architecture and its prototypical implementation for business-to-business commerce according to a n-suppliers: m-customers scenario. Business transactions within the electronic market are realized by a set of modular market services. Multiple physically distributed markets can be interconnected transparently to the users and form one virtually central market place. The modeling and management of all market data in a DBMS gives the system a solid basis for reliable, consistent, and secure trading on the market. The generic and modular system architecture can be applied to arbitrary application domains. The system is scalable and can cope with an increasing number of single markets, participants, and market data due to the possibility to replicate and distribute services and data and herewith to distribute data, system, and network load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of systems integration 9 (1999), S. 167-185 
    ISSN: 1573-8787
    Keywords: flexibility ; complexity ; systems approach ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present a taxonomy of manufacturing problems, labeled in a general sense as Design, Production, or Distribution problems. One or more basic systems concepts, such as complexity and adaptation, attach themselves to each such problems. By combining the hierarchical Design—Production—Distribution idea with system concepts, we establish the fact that there is, indeed, a significant systems component to most problems of modern manufacturing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 15 (1999), S. 449-453 
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Internet ; anaesthetic examination ; textbook
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Internet is increasingly being recognised as a source of informationin different fields, and medicine is no exception. We investigated the use ofthe Internet as an aid in preparing for the professional medical examinations.The Internet was compared to a standard textbook in answering a randomlyselected past examination paper. Thirty-eight web-sites on the Internet wereinvolved, giving information to all the examination questions. In contrast,the textbook provided adequate information in only 73.3% of the questions. Thetime required to search for information on the Internet was more than thatrequired for a single textbook. (approximately 2 hours per question comparedto 30 minutes per question respectively). However, with the rapid developmentof computer technology and the cyberspace, the Internet may prove to be aviable alternative or a good supplement to the standard textbook when traineeanaesthetists are preparing for their professional medical examinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    AI & society 13 (1999), S. 69-87 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Computers ; Crisis of knowledge ; Internet ; Modernity ; Postmodern ; Social relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract How are social relations appearing in computers? How are social relations realised in a different kind of medium, in the hardware and software of computers? How are the organising principles of computer building related to those of the life-worlds in a social system? Following a partly social constructivist and partly hermeneutic line a more general answer will be presented. The basic conclusion of this approach is simple: computers are constructed under the influence of the ideas of modernity and represent its structure, interests and values, in contrast to computer networks, which embody the ideas of postmodernity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    AI & society 13 (1999), S. 341-356 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Critical mass ; Culture ; Diffusion ; Hofstede ; Interactive networks ; Internet ; National culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The Internet and other interactive networks are diffusing across the globe at rates that vary from country to country. Typically, economic and market structure variables are used to explain these differences. The addition of culture to these variables will provide a more robust understanding of the differences in Internet and interactive network diffusion. Existing analyses that identify culture as a predictor of diffusion do not adequately specify the dimensions of culture and their impacts. This paper presents a set of propositions to be used in analyses of the impact of culture on the diffusion of interactive networks. The propositions were developed using cultural constructs presented by Hofstede (1991), Herbig (1994) and Hall and Hall (1987). Diffusion of innovations theory and critical mass theory provide the theoretical base. The development of the propositions resulted from a close examination of the theories for relationships mediated by culture. The resulting propositions use cultural variables in relationships established by the theories. It is hoped that the propositions will serve as a starting point for future research in the area of cultural influences on the diffusion of interactive networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    AI & society 13 (1999), S. 389-401 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Cultural homogenisation ; Internet ; Michael Walzer ; soc.culture.thai ; Thai culture ; Thailand ; Thai language ; ‘thick’ ; ‘thin’ ; Usenet newsgroup
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the questions of whether and, if so, how and to what extent the Internet brings about homogenisation of local cultures in the world. It examines a particular case, that of Thai culture, through an investigation and interpretation of a Usenet newsgroup, soc.culture.thai. Two threads of discussion in the newsgroup are selected. One deals with criticisms of the Thai government and political leaders, and the other focuses on whether the Thai language should be a medium, or perhaps the only medium, of communication in the newsgroup. It is found that, instead of erasing local cultural boundaries, creating a worldwide monolithic culture, the Internet reduplicates the existing cultural boundaries. What the Internet does, on the contrary, is to create an umbrella cosmopolitan culture which is necessary for communication among people from disparate cultures. That culture, however, is devoid of ‘thick’ backgrounds, in Michael Walzer's sense.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-7071
    Keywords: charging ; accounting ; pricing ; economic models ; resource reservation ; service class model ; quality-of-service (QoS) ; communication protocols ; Internet ; IPng/IPv6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Current pricing and charging methods for the Internet are not based on actual usage of this service, which leads to unfairness and more important, it does not deliver the right signals through financial incentives to network providers to upgrade critical links of their networks. The development of new multimedia applications and the convergence to an integrated services network will foster the tremendous growth of the Internet even more. With the Next Generation Internet not only technical services like bandwidth reservation will be introduced, but also new applications will emerge within the Internet. Charging the Internet in a fashion that provides feedback to users and providers has been proposed since the early '90s, however, only a few implementations and real-world examples are known today. This is due to subsidizing the Internet in its early stages and due to a technical development that did not care much about charging. With the recent redesign of the Internet protocol suite and discussions on multiple service classes in the Internet, architectures for charging and accounting have to be revisited, too. Economic models for the Internet cannot be tested fully and validated in non-real-world environments, because of the unknown user behavior. With this uncertainty over what models and pricing schemes to choose, it is evident that a specific charging and accounting platform will never be accepted by the community. In this paper a novel and flexible architecture for charging and accounting is proposed that provides a wide range of mechanisms and lets researchers experiment in an environment as close as possible to the targeted system. As a first step, four different pricing schemes are described, qualitatively assessed on the proposed platform, and a prototypical implementation performed. One of the economic models that have been implemented on Arrow is based on different service classes including reservation and recalculates prices dynamically depending on the traffic situation.
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