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  • 1
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    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 55 (1999), S. 93-98 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: degradation ; DTA ; flame retardant ; IR ; pyrolysis ; TG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal degradation of cotton cellulose treated with chemical mixtures containing P and N was studied by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, Char yield and limiting-oxygen-index (LOI). Our experiments demonstrated the following facts. The temperatures and activation energies of pyrolysis were lower for cotton cellulose treated with flame retardants than those for untreated samples and the values of Char yield and LOI were greater for treated cotton than those for untreated one.
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  • 2
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 55 (1999), S. 291-300 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; γ-radiation doses ; IR ; thermal stability ; tolbutamide ; UV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal stability of tolbutamide before and after exposure to various γ-radiation doses was investigated. The data were followed by studying DTA, X-ray diffraction, IR, and UV absorption spectra before and after γ-irradiation. The results obtained were promising, and were explained, and discussed on the basis of γ-enhanced stabilization through recombination of free radicals.
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  • 3
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 211-215 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cobalt(II) orthovanadate-cobalt(II) molybdate system ; cobalt(II) vanadium(V) molybdenum(VI) oxide ; DTA ; phase diagram ; XRD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The phase relationship in the pseudobinary Co3V2O8-CoMoO4 system have been determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A new compound Co2.5 VMoO8, stable up to 1080±5°C has been found in the system. The results obtained are presented in the form of a phase diagram.
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  • 4
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 337-343 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; DTG ; immobilized cinchonidine ; Pt/K-10 montmorillonite ; TG ; thermal stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The characterization of new cinchonidine doped K-10 montmorillonite supported noble metal catalysts is described. Our aim was the mapping of thermal stability of these new catalytic materials by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential thermoanalysis (DTA) methods accompanied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The catalysts were prepared by various methods including conventional, microwave and ultrasonic treatments. They were characterized first by X-ray diffraction to verify the stability of montmorillonite crystal structure during preparation. Then, TG and DTG methods were applied to determine their stability under the experimental conditions usually applied. The main changes observed were the loss of water and the decomposition of the organic modifiers in the higher temperature region. The catalyst showed the best performance were prepared and characterized using microwaves and ultrasonic irradiation in order to get more insight to the effect of preparation methods on their stability. As a consequence, the catalysts were found to be stable and regenerable under 450-500 K, however, higher temperatures resulted in the complete destruction of the catalysts.
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  • 5
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 479-484 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: copper thiocarbamide complex ; DTA ; spray pyrolysis ; TG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrated isostructural 1:3 complexes of copper(I) chloride and bromide with thiourea were synthesised and their thermal decomposition studied by simultaneous TG/DTA complemented by ex situ FTIR and XRD studies. The decomposition of Cu(tu)3Cl·H2O is initiated by dehydration around 100°C, followed by a total multi-step degradation of the structure in the temperature range of 200–600°C. The counter ion has some influence on the temperatures and composition of the solid residue. The results were compared with those obtained with the 1:1 complex Cu(tu)Cl·1/2H2O.
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  • 6
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 58 (1999), S. 671-675 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: chemically modified zeolite thermochemical properties ; DTA ; emanation thermal analysis ; TG ; zeolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Zeolites chemically modified with 1, 4 or 6 M aqueous solutions of NaOH were studied by DTA, TG and ETA (emanation thermal analysis) in the temperature range 201–200°C. The structural changes in the modified zeolites at room temperature and in the modified zeolites annealed at 1000°C were studied by XRD analysis. Thermal analysis demonstrated dehydration, dehydroxylation, structural changes and a glass transition. A gradual loss in crystallinity of the chemically modified zeolites was also observed. XRD analysis revealed structural changes caused by chemical treatment and also by annealing.
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  • 7
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 58 (1999), S. 725-739 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DDC ; DSC ; DTA ; transformation-governed TA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The described instrumental method makes it possible that the quasi-static heating technique, well applicable to thermogravimetric measurements, (see Part I of this paper) can be used in the case of DTA and DSC examinations, too. Based on the new type of curves the characteristic transformation temperatures, the whole course of the transformation in dependence of sample temperature, the extent of the enthalpy change caused by the transformation or by its partial processes can accurately be determined. The essentially greater accuracy of the measurements — in comparison to the conventional ones — is due to the quasi-static heating technique which ensures that the transformations should take place under quasi-equilibrium conditions.
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  • 8
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 55 (1999), S. 227-232 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; DTG ; exoemission of electrons ; Gibbs energy ; manganese carbonate ; manganese oxides ; phase change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Results are reported on the thermal decomposition of manganese carbonate, MnCO3. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential thermoanalysis (DTA) curves were recorded simultaneously and depicted together with the curve of intensity of electron exoemission (EEE).
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  • 9
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 55 (1999), S. 789-796 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: alkaline earth malonates ; DSC ; DTA ; kinetic parameters ; TG ; thermal decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal decomposition of strontium and barium malonates has been studied isothermally and non-isothermally employing simultaneous TG-DTG-DTA, DSC, XRD and IR spectroscopic techniques. DSC of these malonates has been recorded both in oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres. The decomposition is a single step process and the end product formed is carbonate. The energy of activation and frequency factor values for the decomposition of strontium malonate are 547 kJ mol−1 and 1041 s−1 respectively. The activation energy and frequency factor values for isothermal dehydration of barium malonate sester-hydrate are 57–111 kJ mol−1 and 107–1012 s−1 respectively and the corresponding values for decomposition from DSC are 499.5 kJ mol−1 and 1044 s−1 respectively. The higher thermal stability of strontium malonate as compared to that of barium salt is ascribed to its being anhydrous so that decomposition proceeds without restructuring. Their thermal stabilities have also been compared with that of respective oxalate salts.
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  • 10
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 7-15 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: ALE ; CVD ; DSC ; DTA ; EGA ; EL display ; solar cell ; sol-gel ; spray pyrolysis ; super-conductor ; TG ; thin films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Processing thin films for advanced applications, for instance in electronics and optoelectronics, involves several steps starting from precursor synthesis and ending up with the devices. Especially when optimizing the first steps of this chain of processes, thermoanalytical techniques play an important role. The review will focus on the main chemical deposition methods (CVD, ALE, spray pyrolysis, sol-gel) giving selected examples of problem-solving by thermal analysis. The techniques discussed are TG, DTA/DSC, EGA and their combinations. High-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) is also a powerful tool for in situ studies of thin films. The examples are taken from solar cell, superconductor and flat panel electroluminescent display technologies.
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  • 11
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 419-422 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; IR ; reaction mechanism ; XRD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The reaction mechanism of the synthesis of Fe8V10W16O85 was studied by means of XRD, IR spectroscopy and DTA techniques. It was found that the intermediate in the reaction may be either FeVO4 or FeVO4 admixed with an unidentified phase X, depending on the reaction temperature. The IR spectrum of the phase Fe8V10W16O85 is reported for the first time.
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  • 12
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 57 (1999), S. 415-431 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; roasting of molybdenite ; XRD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Molybdenite is the main ore mineral for the molybdenum industry and the production of molybdenum. The industrial processing of molybdenite is based on its oxidized roasting to technical grade molybdenum oxide, followed by its purification by distillation or its ammonia leaching. The present work reports a thermal analysis study of the oxidized roasting of Egyptian molybdenite, using a derivatograph. The reaction products were identified microscopically and by using a Siemens Crystalloflex diffractometer. The DTA curves of the roasting of molybdenite show that its oxidation begins at 360–370°C, as indicated by the small exothermic peak at such temperatures. This is followed immediately by a large, wide exothermic peak with maximum at 510–520°C, representing the intensive oxidation of molybdenite. The medium endothermic peak at 795–800°C reflects the melting and sublimation of molybdenum oxide. The vigourous vaporization of molybdenum oxide and its boiling are associated with the large, sharp endothermic peak at 1150°C. This is accompanied by a large loss in mass (TG). The study includes calculation of the thermodynamic constants and the kinetics of the reaction of oxidation of molybdenite. The oxidized roasting of molybdenite results in the production of molybdenum oxide, which is the essential starting material of the molybdenum industry. The molybdenum oxide produced has the molybdite structure and crystallizes in the orthorhombic system in the form of elongated, thin, light-green crystals.
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  • 13
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 55 (1999), S. 995-1002 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: benzoic acid ; DTA ; DTG ; hydroxy- and aminobenzoic acids ; o-phthalic acid ; principal component analysis ; sulphanilic acid ; TG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal decomposition of benzoic acid and its derivatives containing —OH, —NH2, —COOH and —SO3H functional groups as substituents in ortho, meta and (or) para position together with sulphanilic acid was investigated. The analyses were performed using derivatograph, sample mass ranged from 50 to 200 mg, heating rates from 3 to 15 K min−1 and static air atmosphere. It has been established that thermal decomposition of these aromatic acids proceeds through three common stages. In the first stage the phase transformations occur. The following two stages are due to the formation of intermediate products of the thermal decomposition and their combustion. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for evaluation of the results. Thanks to this method the influence of specific functional groups and their positions on the benzene ring on the thermal decomposition of the compounds under investigation was determined.
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  • 14
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 159-165 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: antimony tetroxide ; DTA ; phase equilibrium ; vanadium(V) oxide ; XRD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to study phase equilibria, established in air in the V2O5-Sb2O4 system up to 1000°C. It has been found that there is a new phase =SbVO5. The =SbVO5 has been prepared by two methods: by heating equimolar mixtures of V2O5 and α-Sb2O4 in air and by oxidation of the known phase of rutile type obtained in pure argon at temperatures between 550 and 650°C. Thermal decomposition of =SbVO5 in the solid state starts at 710°C giving off oxygen. The results provide a basis for constructing only a part of the phase diagram of the investigated system (up to 50.00 mol% Sb2O4).
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  • 15
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; iron(III) ; reactivity ; XRD ; zinc ferrite ; zinc metavanadate ; zinc oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the reactivity of ZnFe2O4 towards ZnV2O6 revealed that in the solid state the phases interact in a molar ratio of 1:3 to form a new compound, to which the molecular formula Zn2FeV3O11 was assigned. The compound melts congruently at 825±5°C.
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  • 16
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 755-761 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystallization ; DTA ; kinetics ; Kissinger plot ; lithium diborate glass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystallization process of Li2B4O7 in the glass of stoichiometric composition, characterized by the crystal growth of pre-existing nuclei, was analyzed kinetically by means of DTA. Because the number of pre-existing nuclei for the subsequent growth varies depending on the cooling rate of the glass-forming melt and heating rate of the as-prepared glass, a modified Kissinger plot was applied for evaluating the apparent activation energy to the crystal growth in the glass samples with three different thermal histories, i.e., the pre-annealed, slowly quenched and quickly quenched glasses. The process was characterized by the three dimensional growth of pre-existing nuclei with the apparent activation energy of ca 340 kJ mol−1.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: coal ; DTA ; graphite ; kerogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the results of oxyreactive thermal analyses of organic matter in rocks, heated naturally during diagenetic to metamorphic processes. During the experiments we traced the reactions in the temperature range up to 900°C, it means from the very beginning of diagenetic transformations to the highest real temperatures acting in the Earth's crust as a solid phase. The results showed that TA could be a tool for the reconstruction of thermal regime in natural coal-bearing systems.
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  • 18
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 125-130 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: Bi2O3-PbO-CaO system ; DTA ; solid-state reactions ; X-ray diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Following our previous research, this work is dedicated to the study of phase formation in the subsolidus domain of the Bi2O3-PbO-CaO system. Former investigations performed by DTA/TGA and XRD have pointed out that under non-isothermal conditions only the formation of binary compounds occurs. Under such conditions these compounds could be non-equilibrium phases. In order to establish the conditions of formation of equilibrium phases, a study of the Bi2O3-PbO-CaO system, in isothermal conditions, was carried out. The results obtained in isothermal conditions have confirmed the presence of Bi2O3-rich solid solutions and Ca2PbO4 as main equilibrium phases. An attempt to represent the phase relations of the mentioned system at 700°C should be equally mentioned.
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  • 19
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 519-524 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; 8-hydroxyquinoline and its halogenated derivatives ; strontium ; TG ; thermal behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Strontium complexes of 5,7-dibromo-, 5,7-dichloro-, 7-iodo- and 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline were precipitated from an aqueous ammonia and acetone medium. The complexes obtained were Sr[(C9H4ONBr2)2]·2.5H2O; Sr[(C9H4ONCl2)(OH)]·1.5H2O; Sr[(C9H5ONI)2]·5H2O and Sr[(C9H4ONICl)(OH)]·1.25H2O. The residues of their thermal decomposition were SrBr2; a mixture of SrCl2, SrCO3 and SrO; SrCO3 and SrCO3, respectively. All were characterized by means of thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, complexometry with EDTA, atomic absorption spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
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  • 20
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 57 (1999), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: barium strontium fluorohalides ; DTA ; X-ray diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the solid-liquid equilibrium of the system Sr1−yBayFCl1−xBrx using DTA and X-ray diffraction techniques. The entire composition range in this system yields solid solutions which crystallize in the PbFCl (Matlockite) structure type. The melting points of the entire composition range have been parametrized (within 5°C rms error) using a biquadratic fit of the available data obtained by experiment and from the literature.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; DTG ; metalcomplexes of SMZ ; TG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of thermal decomposition of the metal complexes of sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) viz: [Ag(SMZ)H2O], [Cd(SMZ)2(H2O)2], [VO(SMZ)2(H2O)2], [UO2(SMZ)2]H 2O, [Hg(SMZ)2(H2O)2] and [Co(SMZ)2(H2O)2]H2O has been accomplished on the basis of TG, DTG and DTA studies. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of these complexes conforms to the stoichiometry of the complexes based on elemental analysis.
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  • 22
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    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 57 (1999), S. 595-598 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DTA ; halogenated oxines ; oxovanadium(IV) ; TG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal behaviour of a series of oxovanadium(IV) complexes of halogenated derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline was investigated by means of TG and DTA measurements in oxygen atmosphere. V2O5 was the final pyrolysis residue in all cases.
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