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  • Articles  (10)
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  • stable isotopes
  • Springer  (10)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Canadian Science Publishing
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1945-1949
  • 2004
  • 1999  (10)
  • Geosciences  (9)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (1)
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  • Articles  (10)
  • Other Sources
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  • Springer  (10)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: calcite ; ostracodes ; climate ; stable isotopes ; Lake Neuchåtel ; Switzerland ; Little Ice Age ; Holocene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Lake Neuchåtel is a medium sized, hard-water lake, lacking varved sediments, situated in the western Swiss Lowlands at the foot of the Jura Mountains. Stable isotope data (δ18O and δ13C) from both bulk carbonate and ostracode calcite in an 81 cm long, radiocarbon-dated sediment core represent the last 1500 years of Lake Neuchåtel's environmental history. Comparison between this isotopic and other palaeolimnologic data (mineralogical, geochemical, palynological, etc.) helps to differentiate between anthropogenic and natural factors most recently affecting the lake. An increase in lacustrine productivity (450–650AD ca), inferred from the positive trend in δ13C values of bulk carbonate, is related to medieval forest clearances and the associated nutrient budget changes. A negative trend in both the bulk carbonate and ostracode calcite δ18O values between approximately 1300 and 1500AD, is tentatively interpreted as due to a cooling in mean air temperature at the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. Negative trends in bulk carbonate δ18O and δ13C values through the uppermost sediments, which have no equivalent in ostracode calcite isotopic values, are concomitant with the recent onset of eutrophication in the lake. Isotopic disequilibrium during calcite precipitation, probably due to kinetic factors in periods of high productivity is postulated as the mechanism to explain the associated negative isotopic trends, although the effect of a shift of the calcite precipitation towards the warmer months cannot be excluded.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: pollen ; diatoms ; algae ; ostracods ; stable isotopes ; palaeolimnology ; Holocene ; Morocco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Pollen, geochemical and sedimentological data from Sidi Ali, a montane Moroccan lake, provide a 7000 yr record of changes in climate, catchment vegetation and soil erosion intensity. Diatoms, non-silicious algae, macrophyte fossils and ostracods from the same core record the dynamics of the lake ecosystem. Oxygen isotope and trace-element ratios of benthic ostracods appear to be relatively insensitive to climatic variation in this open lake with low water-residence time, but diatom plankton / periphyton (P/L) ratios show lake-level variations that are probably climate controlled. At least two superimposed processes are recorded, but at different timescales: catchment vegetation and soils show long-term changes due to climate and human impact, whereas P/L ratios suggest century-scale oscillations in lake depth. The timing of changes in algal and macrophyte productivity and carbon cycling within the lake broadly corresponds to changes in terrestrial vegetation, suggesting either that lake nutrient status is linked to catchment vegetation and soils, or that both were influenced by climate. The lack of a sensitive and independent (non-biological) climate proxy makes it more difficult to assess the lake's ecological response to short-term climate variation. Overall, the lake's evolution has been influenced both by catchment-mediated nutrient flux and by changes in water balance, thus having characteristics in common with both temperate and arid zone lakes.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: stable isotopes ; authigenic carbonate ; ostracods ; palaeolimnology ; Konya Basin ; Turkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Konya plain in south central Anatolia, Turkey, which is now largely dry, was occupied around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum by a fresh-oligosaline lake covering more than 4000 km2. Sediment cores from three residual water bodies (Pinarbaşi, Akgöl and Süleymanhaci) within the larger Pleistocene lake basin, have been analysed using a multidisciplinary approach. The sediment sequences are dated as spanning the last 50 Ka years, although breaks in sedimentation mean that there is only partial chronological overlap between them. Carbon and oxygen isotope analyses on lacustrine carbonate from the three cores give contrasting isotope profiles which reflect the different ages and independent hydrological behaviour of different sub-basins through the late Quaternary. Distinguishing changes that are regional from local effects is aided by modern isotope hydrology studies and by comparing the carbonate δ13C and δ18O values to diatom and other analyses undertaken on the same cores.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: ostracods ; stable isotopes ; palaeolimnology ; Holocene ; Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A late Holocene palaeolimnological record for central Mexico has been obtained from Lake Pátzcuaro, using recent and fossil ostracods. Lake Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, is a closed-basin lake which responds rapidly to changes in the ratio of precipitation/evaporation in the region. The record from a single lake-sediment core, dated by AMS radiocarbon method, covers the last ~3,530 yrs, and is based on ostracod faunal palaeoecology coupled with analysis of the stable-isotope (18O/16O and 13C/12C) composition of ostracod valves. The faunal distribution is determined by the presence or absence of aquatic vegetation and, to a lesser extent, salinity. The 18O/16O and 13C/12C ratios in ostracod calcite show good agreement with palaeolimnological inferences from the faunal assemblages, principally recording changing precipitation/evaporation and primary-productivity levels, respectively. Wetter conditions existed in central Mexico between approximately ~3,600 and ~2,390 yr BP, between ~1,330 to ~1,120 yr BP, and from ~220 yr BP to present, characterised by fluctuating lake levels. A dilution of the sediment load in the lake reduced turbidity levels allowing for a marked increase in productivity. During these phases, the combination of a deeper lake and increased macrophyte cover reduced the degree of mixing of the waterbody. In the earliest of these phases there was sufficient stratification of the waterbody for methanogenesis to occur in the sediment interstices. The wet phases were separated by prolonged dry periods, during which time the climatic conditions were relatively stable. Good agreement was found between the findings of this study and others from the central Mexican/Caribbean region suggesting that abrupt climate changes occurred at least at a regional scale.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: N15 ; nitrogen ; nutrient cycling ; plants ; stable isotopes ; soil ; temperate forest ; tropical forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that nitrogen in most tropical forests is relatively more available than N in most temperate forests, and even that it may function as an excess nutrient in many tropical forests. If this is correct, tropical forests should have more open N cycles than temperate forests, with both inputs and outputs of N large relative to N cycling within systems. Consequent differences in both the magnitude and the pathways of N loss imply that tropical forests should in general be more 15N enriched than are most temperate forests. In order to test this hypothesis, we compared the nitrogen stable isotopic composition of tree leaves and soils from a variety of tropical and temperate forests. Foliar δ15N values from tropical forests averaged 6.5‰ higher than from temperate forests. Within the tropics, ecosystems with relatively low N availability (montane forests, forests on sandy soils) were significantly more depleted in 15N than other tropical forests. The average δ15N values for tropical forest soils, either for surface or for depth samples, were almost 8‰ higher than temperate forest soils. These results provide another line of evidence that N is relatively abundant in many tropical forest ecosystems.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 7 (1999), S. 540-545 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Turkey ; hydrochemistry ; stable isotopes ; thermal springs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude présente les caractéristiques chimiques et isotopiques des sources thermales minéralisées de Mahmutlu et de Bağdatoğlu, dans la province de Kırşehir, un champ géothermal d'Anatolie centrale (Turquie). Un fonctionnement hydrogéologique est proposéà partir de ces caractéristiques, permettant d'expliquer le système géothermal de Mahmatlu-Bağdatoğlu. La relation entre les teneurs en deutérium et celles en oxygène-18 des eaux est semblable à celle des eaux météoriques mondiales, ce qui indique que l'eau est d'origine météorique. Les caractéristiques géochimiques des eaux de ces deux sources montrent qu'elles appartiennent au même système hydrogéologique. Ce système hydrogéologique est constitué d'un ensemble calcaire fracturé, appartenant à la formation d'Evirme, et la formation de Kervansaray, qui forment le réservoir, et la formation de Deliceırmak, qui est l'imperméable de couverture. Les eaux de Mahmutlu et de de Bağdatoğlu sont essentiellement de faciès Na-Cl-SO4, dont l'origine est l'évaporite de Pohrenk. Les eaux thermales sont sous-saturées par rapport à la calcite, à la dolomite, à la halite et au gypse. Les teneurs en δ 18O et en δ 2H indiquent un fractionnement de δ 18O dans les eaux de ces sources. La gamme de températures des deux réservoirs est estimée à 98-158 °C, à partir des géothermomètres Na+K+Ca et SiO2.
    Notes: Abstract The present study identifies the hydrochemical and isotopic properties of the Mahmutlu and Bağdatoğlu mineralized thermal springs in Kırşehir province, a geothermal field in central Anatolia, Turkey. Based on these properties, a hydrogeological regime is proposed in order to explain the Mahmutlu–Bağdatoğlu geothermal system. The relation between the concentrations of the environmental stable isotopes deuterium and oxygen-18 in the water is similar to the relationship in global meteoric water, indicating that the water is of meteoric origin. Evaluation of the geochemical characteristics of the water reveals that these two thermal springs belong to the same hydrogeological system. The hydrogeological system comprises a fractured limestone member of the Çevirme Formation and the Kervansaray Formation as reservoir rocks, and the Deliceırmak Formation as an overlying aquitard. The waters of the Mahmutlu and Bağdatoğlu springs are mainly of the Na-Cl-SO4 type that originate from the Pohrenk evaporite. The thermal waters are undersaturated with respect to calcite, dolomite, halite, and gypsum. The δ 18O and δ 2H contents indicate a δ 18O shift in the Mahmutlu and Bağdatoğlu waters. The temperature range of the two reservoirs is estimated to be 98–158 °C, on the basis of Na+K+Ca and SiO2 geothermometers.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: auxin ; duckweed ; indolic metabolism ; metabolic compartmention ; stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract IAA biosynthesis in many plants, including Lemna gibba, has been shown to involve at least two different pathways, one from tryptophan and a tryptophan-independent route. To study the kinetics of IAA biosynthesis in Lemna, we simultaneously measured the incorporation of label from [15N]-anthranilate and [2H5]-tryptophan into IAA by Lemna plants in short term feeding studies. The data show that label from anthranilate rapidly goes into IAA and tryptophan. Labeling of the IAA pool by [15N]-anthranilate slightly precedes labeling of the tryptophan pool, confirming that more than one route to IAA exists in these plants. Longer term feeding studies (5–25 h) suggest that exogenous tryptophan is used preferentially to label IAA as compared to tryptophan made by the plant. This is indicated by the fact that the IAA pool was more enriched than the tryptophan pool in [2H5]-label, but less enriched than the tryptophan pool in [15N] (which comes about by de novo synthesis of tryptophan from [15N]-anthranilate by the plant).
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: N15 ; nitrogen ; nutrient cycling ; plants ; stable isotopes ; soil ; temperate forest ; tropical forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that nitrogen in most tropical forests is relatively more available than N in most temperate forests, and even that it may function as an excess nutrient in many tropical forests. If this is correct, tropical forests should have more open N cycles than temperate forests, with both inputs and outputs of N large relative to N cycling within systems. Consequent differences in both the magnitude and the pathways of N loss imply that tropical forests should in general be more15N enriched than are most temperate forests. In order to test this hypothesis, we compared the nitrogen stable isotopic composition of tree leaves and soils from a variety of tropical and temperate forests. Foliar δ15N values from tropical forests averaged 6.5‰ higher than from temperate forests. Within the tropics, ecosystems with relatively low N availability (montane forests, forests on sandy soils) were significantly more depleted in15N than other tropical forests. The average δ15N values for tropical forest soils, either for surface or for depth samples, were almost 8‰ higher than temperate forest soils. These results provide another line of evidence that N is relatively abundant in many tropical forest ecosystems.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words Turkey ; carbonate rocks ; tracer tests ; groundwater/surface-water relations ; stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude avait pour but d'analyser les relations entre les eaux du lac Girdev et les eaux souterraines des unités calcaires allochtones affleurant dans la région comprise entre le lac Girdev et les sources de Kazanpinari (sud-ouest de la Turquie). Les phénomènes étudiés concernent la direction de l'écoulement et la vitesse apparente de l'écoulement souterrain, les relations avec le lac Girdev et le rôle de la lithologie et de la structure sur les écoulements. Les résultats d'un traçage à la fluorescéine indiquent que l'eau souterraine s'écoule vers le nord-est et que la vitesse apparente moyenne est comprise entre 26.2 et 35.6 m h–1, entre le point d'injection et les différents points d'émergence. Les données de tritium suggèrent que l'eau du lac de Girdev et l'eau souterraine ont probablement le même âge; les données d'oxygène-18 indiquent que l'eau du lac Girdev est la principale alimentation de l'aquifère. L'aquifère est alimenté non seulement par le lac Girdev, mais aussi par les précipitations alimentant l'infiltration dans les calcaires allochtones; ces deux types de recharge assurent l'écoulement aux sources du poljé d'Elmalı. La perméabilité dans l'aquifère des calcaires allochtones a été interprétée comme étant due aux fissures et aux failles.
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of the study is to investigate the interaction between waters of Lake Girdev and groundwater in the allochthonous limestone units exposed in the area between Lake Girdev and Kazanpınarı Spring, southwestern Turkey. The features analyzed include the flow direction and apparent groundwater velocity, their relationship with Lake Girdev, and the effect of lithological and structural features on the groundwater circulation. The results of a fluorescein tracer test indicate that groundwater flows east-northeast and the apparent flow velocity ranges from 26.2 to 35.6 m h–1 between the injection site and various observation points. Tritium data suggest that the water of Lake Girdev and groundwater are probably similar in age, and oxygen-18 isotope data indicate that water derived from Lake Girdev is the main source of recharge to the aquifer. The aquifer is fed not only by Lake Girdev but also by rainfall percolating through allochthonous limestones; together, these provide the discharge of springs in Elmalı Polje. The permeability of the allochthonous limestone aquifer has been enhanced as a result of jointing and faulting.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Keywords: coal ; lead content ; emissions ; stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract More than 60 coal samples, predominantly from the principal coalfields of England and Wales (25) and Scotland (30), were analysed for lead by AAS and for stable lead isotopes by ICP‐MS. While the average lead content of Scottish coal, 23.9 mg kg−1, was more than double that of coal from England and Wales, 11.0 mg kg−1, the corresponding mean 206Pb/207Pb ratios (± 1 s.d.) were nearly identical, at 1.181±0.011 and 1.184±0.006, respectively. In the light of the lead isotopic signatures of British coals and of both indigenous (206Pb/207Pb ∼ 1.17) and imported Australian (206Pb/207Pb ∼ 1.04) lead ores, an approach based on estimated lead emissions from these sources and the deconvolution of the historical lead and 206Pb/207Pb records preserved in lake sediments, peat bogs and archival herbage material indicates that coal combustion became an increasingly significant contributor to atmospheric lead deposition in the UK during the period 1830–1930, especially after the onset of England’s decline as a major location of lead mining and smelting in the late‐19th Century. Since 1930 and the introduction of leaded petrol, the atmospheric 206Pb/207Pb ratio in the UK has been strongly influenced by car‐exhaust emissions of comparatively 206Pb‐depleted lead of predominantly Australian origin, counter‐balanced to some extent by coal‐combustion emissions of lead, although these have fallen dramatically since the mid‐1950s. Nevertheless, with the introduction and substantial uptake of unleaded petrol in the UK during the last decade, even the declining releases from coal, along with contributions from other sources, are continuing to affect the atmospheric lead content and 206Pb/207Pb ratio.
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