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  • Artikel  (16)
  • Fracture  (16)
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (16)
  • 1998  (16)
  • Maschinenbau  (16)
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  • Artikel  (16)
Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Chemical Society
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (16)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Materials research innovations 2 (1998), S. 16-21 
    ISSN: 1433-075X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Risk ; Reliability ; Fracture ; Failure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract  This paper is inspired by the work of Professors Heinz Wilsdorf and Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf on fundamental aspects of ductile fracture mechanism. Risk – a measure of the probability and severity of adverse effects – is introduced and related to the consequences associated with elastic (reversible) deformation, plastic (irreversible) deformation, and catastrophic deformation (total failure). Cost-benefit-risk trade-off analysis is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Meccanica 33 (1998), S. 533-540 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; Complex analysis ; Damage processes ; Solid mechanics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract When radial cracks spread into a sheet starting from the boundary of a pressurized circular hole, experience shows that only some of the cracks increase in length. In this paper a simple model is proposed to explain the phenomenon. Thus, if the cracks have a length comparable to the hole radius,it is proposed to represent the boundary of the cracked region by ahypocycloid. This enables us to solve the corresponding boundary value problem of plane elasticity. If the intensity of the pressure is known and if the material obeys Griffith's energy fracture criterion, it is deduced,among all hypocycloidal boundaries, the one that is not stable. Limiting the analysis to the initial phase of the crack propagation, where the boundary of the hole may be assumed to be a hypocycloid, the unstable evolution of the system is explained using energetic considerations. Sommario.Semplici osservazioni mostrano che quando delle fessure radiali si propagano in una lastra, partendo dal contorno di un foro circolare in pressione, diminuiscono di numero con l'aumentare della loro lunghezza. In questo lavoro, si propone un semplice modello con cui spiegare il fenomeno. A tale scopo, si considera solo il caso in cui la lunghezza delle fessure sia minore del raggio del foro. Ciò consente di rappresentare il profilo della regione fratturata con un'ipocicloide e di determinare la soluzione esplicita del corrispondente problema di elasticità piana. In questo modo, nota la pressione nel foro e supponendo che il materiale segua il criterio energetico di frattura di Griffith, si individua, fra tutti i contorni ipocicloidali, quello instabile. Limitando l'analisi alla sola fase iniziale della propagazione delle fratture, l'evoluzione del sistema può essere descritta usando semplici considerazioni energetiche.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Meccanica 33 (1998), S. 363-379 
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; Damage ; Particle dynamics ; Brittle deformation ; Statistical mechanics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Abstract. The present study focuses on the kinetic and non-deterministic aspects of the brittle to quasi-brittle transition. A solid is approximated by a lattice formed by the interacting ‘continuum particles’ and the evolution of damage is estimated using particle dynamics. The onset of transition is measured by the rate of the change of correlation length. The proposed method is illustrated on the examples of creep rupture, strain localization and dynamic expansion of a circular void in a ‘brittle’ plate. Sommario. Viene posta l'attenzione sugli aspetti cinetici e non deterministici della transizione dal comportamento fragile a quello quasi-fragile. Un solido viene approssimato da un reticolo formato da particelle interagenti e l'evoluzione del danno viene stimata tramite la dinamica delle particelle. L'inizio della transizione viene misurato tramite la variazione della lunghezza di correlazione. Il metodo proposto viene illustrato su esempi di rottura per ‘creep’, localizzazione della deformazione e l'espansione di un foro circolare in una piastra fragile.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of computer-aided materials design 4 (1998), S. 183-192 
    ISSN: 1573-4900
    Schlagwort(e): Grain boundary ; Fracture ; Tungsten ; Atomistic simulations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of various impurities (B, C, N, C, O, Al, Si, S, and P) on the intrinsic resistance of the Σ3 (111) grain boundary (GB) in tungsten has been investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The Finnis–Sinclair many-body potential for W, and the so-called ‘environment-sensitive embedding energies’ for the impurities were used. The fracture resistance of the GB has been characterized by computing, in each case, the ideal work of GB separation, the Mode I stress intensity factor and the Eshelby's F1 conservation integral at the onset of crack propagation. The results obtained suggest that pure tungsten is relatively resistant towards GB decohesion; this resistance is further enhanced by the presence of B, C and N. On the other hand, O, Al and Si have a relatively minor effect on the cohesion strength of the GB. In sharp contrast, S and P greatly reduce this strength, thus enhancing the tungsten brittleness. These results have been correlated with the effect of the impurity atoms on the material evolution at the crack tip.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of computer-aided materials design 5 (1998), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 1573-4900
    Schlagwort(e): Cracks ; Fracture ; Frank-Read ; Simulation ; Voids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract We have simulated the failure of three-dimensional fcc solids containing voids under mode one tension using molecular dynamics, simple interatomic potentials and a system comprising 15 million atoms. When a linear brittle crack front approaches a void, the void acts to impede the progress of the front by causing dislocation emission, thereby rendering the system ductile. When two voids are alone in the system, failure is via ductility with, first, dislocation loops being emitted from the void surfaces and, then, these loops interacting with one another to form.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 90 (1998), S. 299-323 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; initiation ; near-tip ; plastic zone microvoid ; nucleation ; mode-I loading ; laminate ; composite brittle ; ductile.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract A near-tip plane strain finite element analysis of a crack terminating at and normal to the interface in a laminate consisting of alternate brittle and ductile layers is conducted under mode-I loading. The studies are carried out for a system representing steel/alumina composite laminate. The Gurson constitutive model, which accounts for the ductile failure mechanisms of microvoid nucleation, growth and coalescence, is employed within the framework of small deformation plasticity theory. Evolution of plastic zone and damage in the ductile layer is monitored with increasing load. High plastic strain localization and microvoid damage accumulation are found to occur along the brittle/ductile interface at the crack-tip. Fracture initiation in the ductile phase is predicted and the conditions for crack renucleation in the brittle layer ahead of the crack are established for the system under consideration. Ductile fracture initiation has been found to occur before plasticity spreads in multiple ductile layers. Effects of material mismatch and yield strength on the plastic zone evolution are briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 91 (1998), S. 103-116 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Composite materials ; Fracture ; Delamination ; Sea water effects ; Fatigue
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Motivated by experimental observations, the finite element method is employed to model the competition between the transverse cracking and delamination modes of failure that occur in cross-ply AS4/3501-6 gr/ep coupons subjected to fatigue. The results explain the extensive delaminations and reduced crack densities that arise under immersed fatigue, as compared with fatigue in air.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 90 (1998), S. 341-353 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; macrocrack-microcrack interaction ; expected extension length ; vertical shift ; statistical analysis.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The present paper explores the extension of a macrocrack by connecting statistically distributed microcracks. Two issues are discussed: (1) how long a semi-infinite crack can extend by connecting collinear microcracks of equal length but distributed ligament sizes; (2) how far the crack tip can shift vertically from the original crack extension line by connecting randomly positioned and oriented microcracks. Statistical analysis is employed to calculate the expected crack extension length and the vertical shift of the crack tip. The implication of the present study for the problem of a macrocrack linking to a parallel fault is addressed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 89 (1998), S. 269-284 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; steel ; weld metal ; stress ; strain ; toughness ; notched specimen.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The cleavage fracture criterion of low alloy steel and weld metal in notched specimens is investigated in detail based on a great number of experimental data. It has been found that the most cleavage fractures initiate at a distance shorter (left side) than that of the peak stress location below a notch root, and the cleavage fracture in notched specimens must satisfy a dual criterion, i.e., a critical plastic strain (εp ≥ εpc) for initiating a crack nucleus, and a critical tensile stress (σyy ≥ σf) for its propagation. According to the dual criterion model, the great number of experimental data of 4PB (four-point bending) tests for the low alloy steel and weld metal and their statistical distribution are explained. The effects of temperature , the local fracture stress σf and the critical plastic strain εpc on the locations of cleavage initiation sites and the controlling steps of cleavage fracture process are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 90 (1998), S. 153-174 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; dynamic crack initiation ; thin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract An experimental investigation was undertaken to characterize the dynamic fracture characteristics of 2024-T3 aluminum thin sheets ranging in thickness from 1.63–2.54 mm. Specifically, the critical dynamic stress intensity factor Kdc was determined over a wide range of loading rates ( expressed as the time rate of change of the stress intensity factor KdI ) using both a servo- hydraulic loading frame and a split Hopkinson bar in tension. In addition, the dynamic crack propagation toughness, KD, was measured as a function of crack tip speed using high sensitivity strain gages. A dramatic increase in both Kdc and KD was observed with increasing loading rate and crack tip speed, respectively. These relations were found to be independent of specimen thickness over the range of 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; plasticity ; interferometer ; moiré ; finite elements ; steel.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract A comparison between the three-dimensional experimental and numerical displacement fields surrounding a notch/crack in a ductile 4340 steel tested in three-point bending is presented. Excellent agreement between computed and measured deformations exists at load levels below 50 to 75 percent of ultimate loads. Experimentally determined crack tunnel profiles are included in the finite element model through nodal release; the evidence of the crack tunnel appears in the displacements at the surface. It is shown that surface measurements of unloading reveal specimen-internal failure initiation in the form of tunneling. Out-of-plane deformations deviate from analytical values earlier than in-plane values; this observation compromises the accuracy with which predictions of in-plane crack tip variables can be made when they are based on measured out-of-plane deformations (caustics, gradient sensing) once significant plasticity arises. Comparison is made between J-integral values calculated from the external boundary conditions and from a domain integral. The tunneling tests provide a method of estimating a critical value of J. The stress intensity factor governs the deformation in the elastic regime, but, because of the finite notch- tip radius underlying the experimental configuration, the HRR field does not describe the deformation well under plastic conditions. Comparison of numerical simulations with and without tunneling provide insight into criteria that could be used to implement an implicit crack propagation scheme into the numerical model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; plasticity ; interferometer ; moiré ; finite elements ; steel.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is the second of three devoted to a detailed study of the three- dimensional deformation at the tip of a notch in a ductile steel plate loaded in three-point bending. A finite element model has been constructed preparatory for a comparison with the experimental data in the subsequent paper; the geometry and material properties have been carefully matched to the experiment described in a preceding paper. The experiments to provide the complete description of the relevant material behavior are presented, followed by the details of the numerical model and some sample results. Young's modulus and the yield behavior are evaluated. Because any error in Poisson's ratio induces an error of the same order of magnitude in the three- dimensional elastic displacement field, this quantity is also measured with moiré interferometry to within ± 1 percent. Also, besides matching the material properties and geometry of the numerical model to the three-point-bend experiment, the development of (tunneling) fracture within the interior of the specimen is determined; these measurements are incorporated into the numerical model by releasing appropriate nodes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; plasticity ; interferometry ; moiré ; finite ; steel.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract A critical examination of measured and computed three-dimensional deformations in the vicinity of a crack in an elastic/plastic plate subjected to three-point-bending are presented in a series of three papers. The aim is to apply interferometric measurement methods to the large plastic deformation at the tip of a crack in a ductile steel, and to assess the current ability to model that deformation numerically. Comparison between the precise interferometric measurements and the finite element model, which has been closely matched to the physical specimen, including internal tunneling of the crack, indicates good agreement up to 75 percent of the ultimate failure load; above that level, discrepancies increase to levels on the order of 25 percent. It also develops that out-of-plane measurements are less than optimal for deducing in-plane stress and deformation states. This finding implies consequences for working with caustics and similar methods when applied to cracks in plastically deforming solids. This first paper presents a description and assessment of the experimental methods and outlines the fracture experiment itself. The second paper describes the material characterization to closely match the finite element model to the physical fracture specimen, as well as a description of the finite element model itself. The third paper presents the results of the comparison between experiment and model, as well as some additional results from the numerical model alone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 92 (1998), S. 253-286 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; inverse method ; NDE ; holographic interferometry ; surface deformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract A procedure is presented which is well suited for three-dimensional subsurface crack identification in a half-space through the inversion of measured surface displacements. The investigation began with the linear, forward problem of generating contour maps of surface deformation produced by a fracture of known geometry and loading which is embedded in a finite medium. The fundamental solutions for tensile and shear multipoles in a half-space provided an efficient mathematical representation of the three-dimensional fracture. The inverse problem of crack identification centers on the development of a hybrid of the Marquardt–Levenberg algorithm. Initial guesses for the constrained set of search variables were determined heuristically from the correspondences between crack geometry and loading and the resulting uplift at the free surface. Physical measurements of surface deformation were taken for a cube of transparent acrylic polyester in which a fracture was hydraulically pressurized. Displacements induced at the surface of the specimen, which were measured by laser interferometry, had a strong correlation with predictions of the computational model (coupled with a finite element discretization). Numerical tests demonstrate the robustness of the inverse methodology even in the presence of the random and systematic errors corresponding to the experimental interferometric measurements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 94 (1998), S. 357-370 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; elastic-plastic fracture ; constraint ; two-parameter characterization ; stable crack growth ; finite element method ; remeshing.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract An investigation is performed to determine to what extent the state at a growing crack tip vicinity can be characterised by J and Q calculated from FE analyses of successively stationary crack tip positions. FE models in two-dimensionals of single edge notch bend and double edge cracked panel specimens with several different crack lengths are used to cover a range of load and constraint levels. The stress and strain fields are compared between different specimens keeping J- and Q-values equal. A remeshing technique in the commercial FE-code ABAQUS is used to enhance the efficiency of the analysis. The results show that the J-Q-theory provides reasonably accurate crack tip characterization also for growing cracks. This leads to the conclusion that FE analyses of successive stationary cracks rather than full FE propagation analyses are sufficient. The limit of validity for propagation is similar to the validation limit for the stationary case, although somewhat more restrictive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 94 (1998), S. 321-338 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Schlagwort(e): Fracture ; rubber ; J integral ; non-linearity ; finite elements.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we have verified the validity of some formulations allowing the determination of the fracture surface energy in the case of rubber-like materials. The J-integral is chosen as a fracture characterizing parameter which is experimentally determined by considering a multiplying form that; numerically evaluated using a finite element method. The numerical results are compared to the experimental data and a good agreement has been pointed out for the deeply cracked specimen (a/w≥0.5). Below this limit, a significant divergence is observed which is attributed to a lack of accuracy of the experimental data processing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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