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  • Articles  (7)
  • biological control
  • taxonomy
  • wheat
  • Springer  (7)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959
  • 1999  (4)
  • 1998  (3)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeasts Reduce the Stimulatory Effect of Acetate Esters from Apple on the Germination of Botrytis cinerea Conidia (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1555-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Yeasts ; Botrytis cinerea ; apple ; volatiles ; gray mold ; biological control ; fungal interaction ; acetate esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The fungus, Botrytis cinerea, causes decay in apples in postharvest storage. Conidia of B. cinerea on polycarbonate membranes were incubated on filter paper disks saturated with water or suspensions of yeasts (2 × 106 CFU/filter) and then exposed for 24 hr at 22°C to 0–16 μl of ethyl, butyl, or hexyl acetates injected into the headspaces of 500-cc glass jars. Germination of conidia was increased by exposure to 4–16 μl of ethyl acetate compared to the no-ester controls. Conidia were stimulated to germinate by 4 μl of butyl acetate and 8 μl of hexyl acetate, but greater volumes were toxic to germination. The yeasts Cryptococcus laurentii and Sporobolomyces roseus were more effective at reducing the stimulatory effect than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acetate esters also stimulated germination of conidia on polycarbonate membranes on apples inside jars. Cryptococcus laurentii or S. roseus suppressed this effect more than S. cerevisiae. Germination of conidia on a membrane on water inside a 3.9-liter jar containing an apple was 2.5-fold greater than the no-apple control. Butyl acetate increased Botrytis infection of apple wounds. Butyl and hexyl acetate were detected by GLC in the headspace of Golden Delicious apples. Results indicated that some acetate esters produced by apple stimulated germination of B. cinerea conidia, and this effect was suppressed by yeasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020884715616
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory Responses of Parasitoid Apoanagyrus lopezi to Odor of Plants, Mealybugs, and Plant–Mealybug Complexes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Apoanagyrus lopezi ; Phenacoccus manihoti ; cassava ; biological control ; resistance ; olfactometer ; herbivore-induced synomones ; volatile chemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Apoanagyrus (Epidinocarsis) lopezi De Santis is an endoparasitoid used in the biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero in Africa. The response of naive and mated females of A. lopezi to odors from cassava plant (var. Zanaga), parasitized or unparasitized mealybugs, and plant–mealybug host complexes with or without feeding hosts was investigated in a Y-tube olfactometer. Dual-choice tests revealed that mealybug-infested plants and mealybug-damaged plants were the major sources of volatiles that attract female parasitoids to the microhabitat of its hosts. The emission of volatile chemicals appears not to be limited to the infested plant part but to occur systemically throughout the plant. On their own, unparasitized mealybugs were more attractive than uninfested plants or parasitized mealybugs alone. Parasitization of P. manihoti by A. lopezi decreased the response of parasitoids to mealybugs or mealybug–plant complexes. Plants infested with unparasitized hosts attracted more female parasitoids than plants infested with parasitized mealybugs. These results indicate that, in the long-range host-searching process, females of A. lopezi respond mainly to mealybug-induced synomones, and specific host-derived cues play a minor role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022332711331
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppressive Impact of Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetative Tissues on Root Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus neglectus (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 67-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Brassica ; Pratylenchus neglectus ; nematode ; biological control ; suppression ; glucosinolate ; isothiocyanate ; aliphatic ; 2-phenylethyl ; nematicide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The potential of tissue amendments from a variety of wild and cultivated Brassica spp. to kill the root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus neglectus) in soil was assessed in laboratory experiments. Soil amended with leaf tissues was highly nematicidal, killing 56.2–95.2% of exposed nematodes. Amendment with root tissues was less effective, causing 0–48.3% mortality. Little of the suppressive impact by leaf tissues could be related to either total contents or any individual glucosinolate as determined by HPLC analysis. While the levels of total glucosinolates within root amendments had a nonsignificant relationship to nematode mortality, levels of 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate within root amendments significantly correlated with nematode suppression (P 〈 0.001). Amendment of soils with equimolar levels of purified 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate resulted in comparable levels of nematode mortality, suggesting that 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate has a role in the suppressive impact of Brassica spp. root tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022336812240
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Water Fern Salvinia minima by Cattail (Typha domingensis) Extracts and by 2-Chlorophenol and Salicylaldehyde (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 1483-1490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aquatic plant ; bioassay ; biological control ; phenolic compounds ; phytotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The allelopathic potential of a cattail species (Typha domingensis) towards the common water fern (Salvinia minima) was studied in a short-term bioassay. Aqueous extracts of cattail plants (roots, stems, and leaves) as well as two of its phenolic compounds (2-chlorophenol and salicylaldehyde) were found to inhibit the growth of Salvinia when incorporated in the growth medium. After a period of seven days, chlorophyll concentration, fresh weight, dry weight, and number of fronds of Salvinia were compared and correlations were found among the different parameters. The results suggest an inhibitory effect by components of Typha, especially of the root fractions. Results from pure chemicals are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with those obtained from the cattail extracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020955615868
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelopathic Suppression of Pseudomonas solanacearum Infection of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in a Tomato-Chinese Chive (Allium tuberosum) Intercropping System (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 2409-2417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; Allium tuberosum ; antibacterial activity ; biological control ; intercropping ; Lycopersicon esculentum Mill ; Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith ; root exudates ; soil-borne diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Tomato plants were grown alone or intercropped with Chinese chive plants, with or without the inoculation of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Chinese chive plants had no detrimental effects on the growth of tomato plants but significantly delayed and suppressed the occurrence of bacterial wilt of tomato. P. solanacearum population decreased faster in the soil grown with tomato alone than that in the soil grown with both tomato and Chinese chive. However, P. solanacearum population in bare soil was higher than that grown with Chinese chive. Root exudates of Chinese chive collected with a continuously trapping system were inhibitory to multiplication of P. solanacearum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020809805081
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Response of Phytoseiulus persimilis to Spider Mite-Induced Volatiles from Gerbera: Influence of Starvation and Experience (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 2623-2641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Herbivore-induced synomones ; infochemicals ; semiochemicals ; learning ; biological control ; prey location ; behavior ; Acarina ; Phytoseiulus persimilis ; Tetranychus urticae ; Gerbera jamesonii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When leaves of the ornamental crop Gerbera jamesonii are damaged by the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, they produce many volatile compounds in large quantities. Undamaged gerbera leaves produce only a few volatiles in very small quantities. In the headspace of spider mite-damaged gerbera leaves many terpenoids are present, comprising 65% of the volatile blend. In addition, a number of nitrogen containing compounds, such as oximes and nitriles, are produced. We studied the attraction of P. persimilis to the volatiles from spider mite-damaged gerbera leaves and how attraction is affected by starvation and previous experience. Phytoseiulus persimilis that were reared on spider mites (T. urticae) on Lima bean were not attracted to spider mite-induced volatiles from gerbera. Starvation did not influence the predator's response to these volatiles. In contrast, predators that were reared on spider mites on gerbera leaves were strongly attracted to volatiles from spider mite-infested gerbera. This was found also for predators that originated from a culture on spider mite-infested bean and were offered six days of experience with spider mites on gerbera leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020887104771
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Geometric and Thermodynamic Properties of Grain Boundary Junctions (1999)
    Springer
    Interface science 7 (1999), S. 251-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Keywords: triple junctions ; taxonomy ; dimensionality ; structure ; energy ; segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We provide an overview of the properties of triple junctions and quadruple points. It is shown that these junctions may exhibit distinct behaviors that imply that they have and thermodynamically distinct properties in the same way that grain boundaries can be considered as thermodynamically distinct phases, separate from the material that they inhabit. It is shown that the treatment of triple junctions as thermodynamically distinct defects is a natural extension of the treatment of grain boundaries, and that it can be further extended to other junctions such as quadruple nodes. Equilibrium dihedral angles under conditions of anisotropic interfacial energy are explored, and it is found that the dihedral angles may be variable under a range of different conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008769209265
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