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  • phytoplankton  (49)
  • Springer  (49)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1995-1999  (49)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1997  (49)
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Keywords
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  • 1995-1999  (49)
  • 1945-1949
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eicosanoids and Egg-Hatching Synchrony in Barnacles: Evidence Against a Dietary Precursor to Egg-Hatching Pheromone (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2299-2312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Eicosanoids ; pheromone ; egg-hatcing ; barnacle ; phytoplankton ; lipoxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The boreoarctic barnacle, Semibalanus balanoides (= Balanus balanoides) (L.), has the ability to synchronize the release of its nauplii with the spring phytoplankton bloom, thereby ensuring that the larvae can start their planktotrophic development successfully. Hatching is induced by an egg-hatching pheromone (an hydroxy fatty acid) released by the adult. Here, the possibility that the pheromone is an excretory metabolite of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is examined. Egg hatching could be induced by feeding gravid adult barnacles on Skeletonema costatum, but neither a concentrated culture of this diatom nor cell-free culture medium induced egg hatching in vitro. Following a 15-min incubation of EPA in seawater, a product with egg hatching activity was obtained, presumably by autooxidation. Egg hatching was not induced by feeding barnacles with lecithin liposomes containing EPA. Likewise, radiolabeled egg-hatching pheromone was not released by adult barnacles that had been fed with [14C]EPA liposomes. Egg-hatching pheromone was not released by barnacles that were actively feeding on S. costatum prior to egg-hatching. The production of egg-hatching pheromone was inhibited in vitro and in vivo by lipoxygenase inhibitors. Taken together, the results suggest that egg-hatching pheromone is not an excretory metabolite but is derived from EPA released from membrane phospholipid and acted upon by a lipoxygenase. The nature of the stimulus to precursor fatty acid release has yet to be established, but a link with molting appears tenuous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006675.61630.f0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MAJOR PATHWAYS FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL IN WASTE WATER STABILIZATION PONDS (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 125-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: nitrogen removal ; waste stabilization pond ; phytoplankton ; nitrification and denitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A study on the factors influencing nitrogen removal in waste water stabilization ponds was undertaken in an eight-pond series in Werribee, Australia. Nitrogen species including Kjeldahl nitrogen, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate were monitored monthly from March 1993 to January 1994. At the same time, pH, temperature, chlorophyll a content and dissolved oxygen were also recorded. Highest nitrogen removal occurred during the period with highest levels of chlorophyll a content and dissolved oxygen, but the rate of nitrogen removal was not related to temperature and pH. Enhanced photosynthetic activities resulting from an increased phytoplankton abundance due to prolonged detention time caused an increase in dissolved oxygen, and created an optimum condition for nitrification to occur. In this process, ammonia was oxidized to nitrite and nitrate which were subsequently reduced to elemental nitrogen. Apart from nitrification-denitrification which was the major nitrogen removal pathway in the study system, algal uptake of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite as nutrient sources also contributed to the nitrogen removal. The role of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the treatment process in waste stabilization ponds was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026438730507
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic modelling of photosynthesis in marine and estuarine ecosystems (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 2 (1997), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: ecological model ; phytoplankton ; productivity ; mixing ; dynamic simulation ; OOP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between primary productivity and light intensity is usually modelled as a static representation of photosynthesis, assuming that the parameters describing the response to light are constant. However, these parameters have a dynamic behaviour justifying the development of dynamic models in order to improve the description of photosynthesis in the sea. In this work a mathematical model is used to simulate several situations where the phytoplankton exposure to light is controlled by the temporal variation of light intensity and the vertical advective and diffusive flux. The model includes both a static and a dynamic description of photosynthesis. It uses object‐oriented methods to switch between different types of productivity response to light intensity and to potential photoinhibition effects. The main conclusions emerging from the simulations performed are that the dynamic behaviour of the production–light curves is relevant in the simulation of primary productivity, and that this relevance is more pronounced under high light conditions and/or in the absence of vertical mixing. It is suggested that large scale models, where the time and spatial scales are too large to include the dynamic behaviour of the photosynthetic light response, may be parameterized by smaller scale simulations including the mentioned dynamic behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019044907648
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation of phytoplankton community in Thale Sap Songkhla, a lagoonal lake in southern Thailand (1997)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 30 (1997), S. 297-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: phytoplankton ; temporal variation ; abundance ; diversity ; salinity ; total nitrogen ; total phosphorus ; lagoonal lake ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phytoplankton in Thale Sap Songkhla was investigated at 2–3 month intervals from August 1991 to October 1993. The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 1.4×106 to 1.3×109 cells m−3. A total of 6 divisions with 103 genera were identified as Bacillariophyta: 49 genera, Chlorophyta: 21 genera, Pyrrhophyta: 15 genera, Cyanophyta: 12 genera, Chrysophyta: 3 genera and Euglenophyta: 3 genera. Although phytoplankton abundance was distinctly greater in the first year of study (August 1991–June 1992) than in the second year (August 1992–October 1993), their patterns are similar: 2 peaks yearly. The peaks of phytoplankton occurred in the heavy rainy season (northeast monsoon) and the light rainy season (southwest monsoon). The main bloom was found during December–January, with a predominance of blue-green algae (e.g. Aphanizomenon andPhormidium) and green algae (e.g. Eudorina). Their species composition also increased, an effect of the large amount of rainfall resulting in low salinity during the northeast monsoon. The minor bloom was produced by diatoms during June–July when water salinity was moderate to seawater. Both phytoplankton numbers and species composition were high. However, unpredictably heavy rainfall during the southwest monsoon period may reduce diatom production due to rapid immediate replacement by blue-green species. Besides salinity concentration, a low total nitrogen: total phosphorus (TN: TP) ratio tended to support the growth of blue-green algae. The diversity of phytoplankton was lowest in the heavy rainy period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02085873
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A review of the feedbacks between bivalve grazing and ecosystem processes (1997)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 31 (1997), S. 349-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: suspension-feeding bivalves ; phytoplankton ; nutrient cycling ; primary production ; carrying capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper gives an overview of interactions betweenbivalve grazing and ecosystem processes, that mayaffect the carrying capacity of ecosystems for bivalvesuspension feeders. These interactions consist of anumber of positive and negative feedbacks.Bivalve grazing can result in local food depletion,which may negatively influence bivalve growth. On alarger scale, it may induce a top-down control ofphytoplankton biomasss, and structural shifts inphytoplankton composition. In the case of harmfulalgal blooms, phytoplankton may negatively affectbivalve grazing rates.The processing of large amounts of particulate mattermay change nutrient cycling on the scale of estuaries,and can result in changes in the inorganic nutrientpool available for phytoplankton, through regenerationand reduced storage of nutrients in algal biomass.This can reduce nutrient limitation of thephytoplankton and stimulate algal growth rates.Observations from mesocosm studies suggest that apositive feedback from bivalve grazing onphytoplankton growth may also change the physiologicalstate of the algae and improve food quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009924624259
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zooplankton-phytoplankton interactions: the case for refining methods, measurements and models (1997)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 31 (1997), S. 59-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: Daphnia ; phytoplankton ; sampling-variance ; birth-rate ; grazing ; sedimentation ; autocorrelation analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Many of the classic experiments on the interactions between animals and their food supply were performed using laboratory cultures of Daphnia but comparable predator-prey cycles have seldom been recorded in the field. In this paper, we report the results of a field experiment designed to examine the effect of seasonal variations in the supply of edible algae on the population dynamics of Daphnia hyalina var lacustris. The experiment was performed in a large (45 m diameter) enclosure that was fertilised at regular intervals to sustain phytoplankton production. The results demonstrate that predator prey interactions of the kind recorded in culture can be detected in the field if large numbers of samples are collected and the results analysed using appropriate methods. Analyses using the numbers of Daphnia collected at a single station and chlorophyll a as a measure of food availability produced inconclusive results. Similarly, Daphnia birth rates calculated using the total number of individuals provided a poor measure of the animals reproductive response to changes in the supply of food. The clearest evidence of systematic plant-herbivore interactions was obtained when improved estimates of Daphnia numbers and adult birth rates were combined with estimates of edible rather than total algal biomass. Daphnia birth rates were then positively correlated with the estimated amount of ingestible carbon (r = 0.77) and the proportion of gravid adults decreased dramatically when the concentration of food fell below 0.10 mg C l-1. Measurements and models of phytoplankton loss rates were then used to assess the impact of Daphnia grazing on the growth and decline of three species of edible algae. The results demonstrated that most species were able to sustain positive growth rates despite short-term increases in the population filtration rate. For much of the summer, the Daphnia appeared to behave as ‘non-interactive’ grazers and had very little effect on the growth rate of their main phytoplankton food. Their grazing activity did, however, arrest the growth of a late summer population of Chlorella when the Daphnia were estimated to be filtering all the water contained in the enclosure in less than a day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009920214357
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The edibility of Staurastrum chaetoceras and Cosmarium abbreviatum (desmidiaceae) for Daphnia galeata/hyalina and the role of desmids in the aquatic food web (1997)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 31 (1997), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: phytoplankton ; green algae ; extracellular mucous envelope ; grazing ; zooplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory clone of Daphnia galeata/hyalina was fed with two different planktic desmid taxa: Staurastrum chaetoceras and Cosmarium abbreviatum var. planctonicum, being about equal in cell size. Whereas Staurastrum chaetoceras was readily ingested and assimilated to a high degree, Cosmarium was hardly incorporated. This could be partly due to the presence of an extracellular mucilaginous envelope in the latter species. When decapsulated by mild sonification, Cosmarium cells were significantly better ingested but digestion was still inferior to that of Staurastrum, presumably because of the more compact cell shape of Cosmarium. From literature it appears that small-sized planktic desmid species occasionally may constitute a main food source for zooplankton, especially in eutrophic lakes. Most likely however, desmids, particularly large-sized species, play a much more important role in the food chain in the benthic compartment of shallow, oligotrophic water bodies where they serve as a food source for various macro-invertebrate taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009987217642
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interactive effects of UV-B radiation and a herbicide on uptake and allocation of carbon in two strains of the green algaScenedesmus (1997)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 31 (1997), S. 261-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: sherbicide tolerance ; photosynthesis ; phytoplankton ; simetryn ; triazine ; herbicides ; ultraviolet radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the effects of UV B radiation on14C-uptake rates and carbon assimilation into the major end-products of photosynthesis of the green algaScenedesmus in the presence and absence of the triazine herbicide simetryn. Experiments were conducted using both a herbicide-susceptible and herbicide-tolerant strains ofScenedesmus. Three different UV-B dose rates were used as well as a light control. The lowest dose rate was almost the same level as in subsurface of ponds and lakes, while the other two were slightly lower and higher than natural sunlight on the surface of ponds and lakes, respectively. Total uptake rates of14C were not reduced by the UV B irradiation alone even at the highest dose rate. However, in the presence of the herbicide, uptake rates were clearly reduced by the highest dose rate of UV-B concomitant with increasing herbicide concentrations in the herbicide-susceptible strain. On the other hand, the proportion of lipid fraction was slightly reduced by all the UV-B treatments in the herbicide-susceptible strain even in the absence of the herbicide. In the herbicide-tolerant strain, uptake rates were not affected by UV-B radiation or by the herbicide. These facts indicated that UV-B effects could be smaller than predicted. It may be important to examine combined effects of UV-B and other anthropogenic and/or natural stresses for assessing actual UV-B effects in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02493513
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytoplankton structure, composition and production in saline water-bodies in the Lower Amu Dar'ya (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 6 (1997), S. 217-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: saline water-bodies ; phytoplankton ; biomass ; production ; chlorophyll ; P/B ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Phytoplankton and its production in water-bodies of the lower Amu Dar'yawere investigated in 1984–1989. The structure and functional nature ofthe phytoplankton in the water-bodies studied were analogous to those ofthe littoral zone of eutrophic lakes, considering hydrological andhydrochemical conditions. The very high average annual P/B ratios(453–582) are considered as regional features, namely high lightintensity and prolonged light period, the salinity usual for salinewaters under anthropogenic influence, the frequent and discrete incomeof nutrients in drainage water and from sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009047219000
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal fluctuations in the plankton community in a hypersaline temporary lake (Honda, southern Spain) (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 6 (1997), S. 353-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: hypersaline lakes ; multivariate methods ; phytoplankton ; seasonality ; shallow lakes ; zooplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Honda saline lake is located in an endorheic basin in the south of Spain. The lake is very shallow, with frequent seasonal drought and a high degree of unpredictability. It was sampled monthly during a relatively dry year (1994–1995, 5 months permanence). To establish a relationship between environmental variables (temperature, depth, salinity and conductivity), variables related to biological activity (organic matter, total solids suspension, and pH) and the planktonic community in the sampled months, various uni- and multivariate statistical methods were carried out. Dunaliella salina, D. viridis, and ciliates sp. 2 is the principal species group used to average out the dissimilarity between the samples. Multivariate analysis showed that salinity (as TDS), conductivity and pH made major and significant contributions to the explanation of the variance in the sample data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009057913154
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