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  • Articles  (11)
  • diffusion  (11)
  • Springer  (11)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1997  (11)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (11)
Collection
  • Articles  (11)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (11)
  • American Chemical Society
Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (11)
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-mode DLS: colloids in opaque porous media (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Single-mode dynamic light scattering ; opaque porous media ; diffusion ; convection ; tortuosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Single-mode fiber optical receivers have become the instrumentation standard for Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In a regular homodyne experiment one values their superb signal-to-noise ratio as well as the simplicity of the optical setup. Moreover, mode-selective DLS enables the researcher to tackle seemingly hopeless experimental problems, such as colloidal motions inside an opaque porous medium consisting of a water filled packing of small glass grains. The particles to be measured are completely masked by strong diffuse scattering in the porous matrix. Nevertheless, mode-selective DLS makes it possible not only to detect the motions of the colloids within the pores but also to determine their diffusion coefficient and, simultaneously, their average convective speed. We outline the theoretical background of these measurements and present data on diffusion and convection of latex particles in dense packings of glass-beads in a Chromatographic column. Our technique allows an accurate determination of the tortuosity of the interstitial flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182414
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal dispersion effects on non-Darcy natural convection over horizontal plate with surface mass flux (1997)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 67 (1997), S. 487-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Keywords convection ; porous medium ; thermal dispersion ; diffusion ; boundary layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The effect of surface mass flux on the non-Darcy natural convection over a horizontal flat plate in a saturated porous medium is studied using similarity solution technique. Forchheimer extension is considered in the flow equations. The suction/injection velocity distribution has been assumed to have power function form Bx l , similar to that of the wall temperature distribution Ax n , where x is the distance from the leading edge. The thermal diffusivity coefficient has been assumed to be the sum of the molecular diffusivity and the dynamic diffusivity due to mechanical dispersion. The dynamic diffusivity is assumed to vary linearly with the velocity component in the x direction, i.e. along the hot wall. For the problem of constant heat flux from the surface (n=1/2), similarity solution is possible when the exponent l takes the value −1/2. Results indicate that the boundary layer thickness decreases whereas the heat transfer rate increases as the mass flux parameter passes from the injection domain to the suction domain. The increase in the thermal dispersion parameter is observed to favor the heat transfer by reducing the boundary layer thickness. The combined effect of thermal dispersion and fluid suction/injection on the heat transfer rate is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004190050133
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved formulation of the oxygen-diffusion problem and its application to Zircaloy oxidation by steam (1997)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 47 (1997), S. 427-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: modeling ; numerical techniques ; finite-difference methods ; diffusion ; moving boundary problem ; steam oxidation ; Zircaloy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Numerical solutions of the oxygen-diffusion problem arising in the oxidation of metals at high temperatures are complicated by the change in density as the oxide is formed and the occurrence of moving boundaries separating the different phases. The former complication is resolved by a transformation of the dependent variable and the coordinate, which reduces the problem to a form identical to one without density change. The latter complication is dealt with by demonstrating an analogy with the Stefan problem in heat transfer with phase change in the enthalpy formulation, for which abundant numerical works exist. A finite-difference code is written to solve the resulting equations. It is successfully applied to simulate an oxidation experiment of Zircaloy by steam at 1600°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02134785
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Model to Predict Ionic Disorder and Phase Diagrams: Application to CaO-MgO, Gd2O3-ZrO2, and to Sodium β′′-alumina (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of electroceramics 1 (1997), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8663
    Keywords: phase diagram ; first-principles ; stabilized ZrO2 ; diffusion ; ordering ; entropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A model for the computation of ionic disorder and phase diagrams in complex oxides is presented. The model is based on a successive integration of the degrees of freedom in the material and can be combined with first-principles techniques to make predictions without the need for experimental data. We show applications on CaO-MgO, Gd2O3-ZrO2, and sodium β′′-alumina. For CaO-MgO the solid solubility limits are predicted in good agreement with experiments. both Gd2O3-ZrO2 and sodium β′′-alumina show a coupled order-disorder transition where two sublattices undergo an ordering transition simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009942213941
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A hard sphere microemulsion (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 157-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Microemulsion ; hardsphere ; compressibility ; diffusion ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We present data from an investigation of an oil-in-water nonionic three-component microemulsion system under conditions where spherical droplets with a radius of approximately 80 A form. The structural and dynamic properties of the microemulsion have been studied using a combination of small-angle neutron scattering, static and dynamic light scattering, pulsedgradient NMR self-diffusion and low shear viscosity measurements. We demonstrate that these liquid-like droplets have properties which to a very good approximation mimic those of classical hard sphere suspensions over a large range of volume fractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182437
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion controlled formation of husk-like microcapsules (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 502-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Amino acids ; diffusion ; husk ; microcapsules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Solid microspheres consisting of thermal heterocomplex molecules made from heating a mixture of aspartic acid and proline were transformed into husk-like microcapsules in their aqueous suspensions when pH value increased. The thickness of the outer shell of the husk-like microcapsule decreased as pH increased. Formation of the husk-like microcapsules is discussed to be due to both diffusion of the constituent molecules from the inside of the microspheres and conformational changes of those molecules in the process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050110
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hard spheres versus Yukawa particles: Differences and similarities (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Self-diffusion ; collective ; diffusion ; hydrodynamic interactions ; charge stabilized suspensions ; effective hard spheres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Whereas structural properties of suspensions of hard spheres of diameterσ are well approximated by analytic expressions, it is necessary to use numerical solutions of integral equations to calculate these properties when the pair potentials have a soft part. The finite range of repulsive pair potentials gives rise to a correlation hole, meaning that the pair correlation functiong(r) is essentially equal to zero up to a well-defined nearestneighbour separation larger thanσ. The aim of this work is to show that because of the correlation hole various dynamic properties of chargestabilized suspensions are qualitatively different from those of hard spheres. It will be argued that the observed non-linear volume fraction dependencies of the shorttime self-diffusion coefficients and of the sedimentation velocity can be understood in terms of a model of effective hard spheres with diameterσ EHS which depends on the volume fraction. Moreover, the long-ranged electrostatic repulsion gives rise to an unexpected enhancement of the longtime self-diffusion coefficient due to hydrodynamic interactions, in contrast to what is known for hard spheres. This enhancement is also understood in terms of an effective hard sphere model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182412
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hard-sphere colloidal suspensions studied by two-colour dynamic light scattering (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 8-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dynamic light scattering ; hard-sphere colloids ; diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recent measurements of the diffusion properties of hardsphere colloidal particles in suspension, made by two-colour dynamic light scattering, are described briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182408
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed field gradient NMR studies of emulsions: droplet sizes and concentrated emulsions (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 106 (1997), S. 34-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Nuclear magnetic resonance ; pulsed field gradients ; diffusion ; emulsions ; droplet size ; concentrated emulsions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this contribution we suggest that nuclear magnetic resonance constitutes a promising technique for studying essential features of emulsions. The background of the method is discussed, and it is emphasized that the method determines the mean-squared displacements of molecules over distances of order 10−6 m. It is pointed out that such distances correspond to typical emulsion droplet sizes. As a consequence, the method, when applied to emulsions, yields information on droplet sizes and the presence of diffusional barriers. To exemplify this, two particular examples are discussed. The first pertains to the determination of droplet size distributions of emulsion, using data from two different systems, viz. a low-calorie spread and a multiple emulsion, as examples. The second example deals with concentrated emulsions, and it is shown that both dynamical (long-time diffusion and lifetimes in the droplets) and structural (droplet sizes) information can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189487
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusive fluxes associated with interfacial defeet motion and interaction (1997)
    Springer
    Interface science 4 (1997), S. 99-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Keywords: diffusion ; interfacial defects ; glide ; climb ; defect interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The diffusional flux associated with the motion of interfacial defects is described by an equation expressed in terms of the topological parameters which characterise defects, namely their Burgers vectors and step heights, the defect velocity and the concentration of each atomic species in the two adjacent crystals. This expression demonstrates that glide/climb behaviour of grain boundary defects is analogous to motion of dislocations in single crystals; climb motion results if a component of b is perpendicular to the interface plane. However, the situation is more complex in the case of interphase interface defects, but the present approach, which considers the step and dislocation portions of defects separately, enables a straightforward analysis. Several examples are illustrated to show the various possibilities, such as climb motion even when b is parallel to the interface, and glide motion when b is not. The latter case arises in martensitic transformation where the existence of an invariant-plane-strain relation at the interface leads to equal and opposite fluxes to the step and dislocation portions of transformation defects so that overall the motion is diffusionless. Interfacial processes involve the motion and interaction of defects. The present analysis facilitates the consideration of diffusive fluxes associated with defect interaction since the step and dislocation portions can be treated independently. A general expression is derived for the total flux arising, and a particular case, the interaction of transformation dislocations with crystal dislocations which have reached the interface during lattice-invariant deformation in martensite formation, is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200841
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain Boundary Diffusion in Metallic Nano and Polycrystals (1997)
    Springer
    Interface science 5 (1997), S. 54-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Keywords: grain boundaries ; diffusion ; segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An outline is given of the recent theoretical and experimentalknowledge of grain boundary diffusion in metals. First what is knownabout the classification of the diffusion regimes encountered inpresence of stationary or moving grain boundaries and the non linearsegregation effects on the shape of the depth penetration profiles isbriefly described. Then a summarizing description of some importantrecent experimental results is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008650627803
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