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  • Articles  (43)
  • Temperature
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (43)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
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  • Articles  (43)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (43)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (50)
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  • 2010-2014  (43)
  • 2000-2004
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  • 1
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    Cell biology. Rhodopsin as thermosensor? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minke, Baruch -- Peters, Maximilian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1272-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1203482.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. baruchm@ekmd.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Larva/physiology ; Light ; Mutation ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/physiology ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; TRPC Cation Channels/metabolism ; Temperature ; *Thermosensing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Predators' effects on ecosystem entropy (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flueck, Werner T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1092-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6046.1092-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Entropy ; *Food Chain ; Photosynthesis ; Predatory Behavior ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    A map of local adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: Local adaptation is critical for species persistence in the face of rapid environmental change, but its genetic basis is not well understood. Growing the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in field experiments in four sites across the species' native range, we identified candidate loci for local adaptation from a genome-wide association study of lifetime fitness in geographically diverse accessions. Fitness-associated loci exhibited both geographic and climatic signatures of local adaptation. Relative to genomic controls, high-fitness alleles were generally distributed closer to the site where they increased fitness, occupying specific and distinct climate spaces. Independent loci with different molecular functions contributed most strongly to fitness variation in each site. Independent local adaptation by distinct genetic mechanisms may facilitate a flexible evolutionary response to changing environment across a species range.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fournier-Level, A -- Korte, A -- Cooper, M D -- Nordborg, M -- Schmitt, J -- Wilczek, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):86-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1209271.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/*physiology ; *Climate ; Europe ; Genes, Plant ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genetic Loci ; *Genome, Plant ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Geography ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Binding ; Selection, Genetic ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Climate trends and global crop production since 1980 (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: Efforts to anticipate how climate change will affect future food availability can benefit from understanding the impacts of changes to date. We found that in the cropping regions and growing seasons of most countries, with the important exception of the United States, temperature trends from 1980 to 2008 exceeded one standard deviation of historic year-to-year variability. Models that link yields of the four largest commodity crops to weather indicate that global maize and wheat production declined by 3.8 and 5.5%, respectively, relative to a counterfactual without climate trends. For soybeans and rice, winners and losers largely balanced out. Climate trends were large enough in some countries to offset a significant portion of the increases in average yields that arose from technology, carbon dioxide fertilization, and other factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lobell, David B -- Schlenker, Wolfram -- Costa-Roberts, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):616-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1204531. Epub 2011 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Earth System Science and Program on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. dlobell@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Oryza/growth & development ; Regression Analysis ; Seasons ; Soybeans/growth & development ; Temperature ; Triticum/growth & development ; Weather ; Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Highly regioselective amination of unactivated alkanes by hypervalent sulfonylimino-lambda(3)-bromane (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: Amination of alkanes has generally required metal catalysts and/or high temperatures. Here we report that simple exposure of a broad range of alkanes to N-triflylimino-lambda(3)-bromane 1 at ambient temperature results in C-H insertion of the nitrogen functionality to afford triflyl-substituted amines in moderate to high yields. Marked selectivity for tertiary over secondary C-H bonds was observed; primary (methyl) C-H bonds were inert. Addition of hexafluoroisopropanol to inhibit decomposition of 1 dramatically improved the C-H amination efficiencies. Second-order kinetics, activation parameters (negative activation entropy), deuterium isotope effects, and theoretical calculations suggest a concerted asynchronous bimolecular transition state for the metal-free C-H amination event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ochiai, Masahito -- Miyamoto, Kazunori -- Kaneaki, Takao -- Hayashi, Satoko -- Nakanishi, Waro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):448-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1201686.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan. mochiai@ph.tokushima-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adamantane/chemistry ; Alkanes/*chemistry ; Amination ; Amines/*chemistry ; Bromobenzenes/*chemistry ; Carbon/chemistry ; Hydrocarbons, Brominated/*chemistry ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Physicochemical Processes ; Stereoisomerism ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
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  • 6
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    Latitudinal gradients in greenhouse seawater delta(18) O: evidence from Eocene sirenian tooth enamel (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: The Eocene greenhouse climate state has been linked to a more vigorous hydrologic cycle at mid- and high latitudes; similar information on precipitation levels at low latitudes is, however, limited. Oxygen isotopic fluxes track moisture fluxes and, thus, the delta(18)O values of ocean surface waters can provide insight into hydrologic cycle changes. The offset between tropical delta(18)O values from sampled Eocene sirenian tooth enamel and modern surface waters is greater than the expected 1.0 per mil increase due to increased continental ice volume. This increased offset could result from suppression of surface-water delta(18)O values by a tropical, annual moisture balance substantially wetter than that of today. Results from an atmospheric general circulation model support this interpretation and suggest that Eocene low latitudes were extremely wet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clementz, Mark T -- Sewall, Jacob O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):455-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1201182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. mclemen1@uwyo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dental Enamel/*chemistry ; Dugong ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Humidity ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Steam ; Temperature ; Trichechus ; *Tropical Climate ; *Water Cycle
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Flight at low ambient humidity increases protein catabolism in migratory birds (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: Although fat is the primary fuel for migratory flight in birds, protein is also used. Catabolism of tissue protein yields five times as much water per kilojoule as fat, and so one proposed function of protein catabolism is to maintain water balance during nonstop flights. To test the protein-for-water hypothesis, we flew Swainson's thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) in a climatic wind tunnel under high- and low-humidity conditions at 18 degrees C for up to 5 hours. Flight under dry conditions increased the rates of lean mass loss and endogenous water production and also increased plasma uric acid concentration. These data demonstrate that atmospheric humidity influences fuel composition in flight and suggest that protein deposition and catabolism during migration are, in part, a metabolic strategy to maintain osmotic homeostasis during flight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerson, Alexander R -- Guglielmo, Christopher G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1434-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1210449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada. agerson2@uwo.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Avian Proteins/*metabolism ; Body Composition ; Body Water/metabolism ; Body Weight ; Energy Metabolism ; *Flight, Animal ; Homeostasis ; *Humidity ; Osmolar Concentration ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Temperature ; Uric Acid/blood ; Wind
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  • 8
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    Comment on "Erosion of lizard diversity by climate change and altered thermal niches" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Using a regionally calibrated model, Sinervo et al. (Reports, 14 May 2010, p. 894) predicted potential climate change impacts on lizard populations and estimated that many extinctions are under way. We argue that this model is not sufficient for predicting global losses in lizard species in response to anthropogenic climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clusella-Trullas, Susana -- Chown, Steven L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 29;332(6029):537; author reply 537. doi: 10.1126/science.1195193.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa. sct333@sun.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; *Lizards ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature
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  • 9
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    Cell biology. Telling time without turning on genes (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):391. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6016.391.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chlorophyta/metabolism/*physiology ; Circadian Clocks/*physiology ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Erythrocytes/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxiredoxins/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Function of rhodopsin in temperature discrimination in Drosophila (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: Many animals, including the fruit fly, are sensitive to small differences in ambient temperature. The ability of Drosophila larvae to choose their ideal temperature (18 degrees C) over other comfortable temperatures (19 degrees to 24 degrees C) depends on a thermosensory signaling pathway that includes a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), a phospholipase C, and the transient receptor potential TRPA1 channel. We report that mutation of the gene (ninaE) encoding a classical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), Drosophila rhodopsin, eliminates thermotactic discrimination in the comfortable temperature range. This role for rhodopsin in thermotaxis toward 18 degrees C was light-independent. Introduction of mouse melanopsin restored normal thermotactic behavior in ninaE mutant larvae. We propose that rhodopsins represent a class of evolutionarily conserved GPCRs that are required for initiating thermosensory signaling cascades.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Wei L -- Kwon, Young -- Adegbola, Abidemi A -- Luo, Junjie -- Chess, Andrew -- Montell, Craig -- GM085335/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1198904.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Sensory Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Eye Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Larva/genetics/physiology ; Light ; Mice ; Movement ; Mutation ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/physiology ; Rhodopsin/genetics/*physiology ; Rod Opsins/genetics/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; TRPC Cation Channels/genetics/metabolism ; Temperature ; *Thermosensing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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