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  • Artikel  (15)
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  • Springer  (15)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Springer Nature
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  • 2000-2004  (15)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Late-glacial and early-Holocene Trichoptera (Insecta) from Kråkenes Lake, western Norway (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 23 (2000), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Schlagwort(e): Trichoptera ; caddisflies ; late glacial ; Allerød ; Younger Dryas ; early Holocene ; Kråkenes ; palaeolimnology ; climate change
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fossil Trichoptera (caddisfly) remains have been identified and quantitatively recorded in the late-glacial and early-Holocene sediments from Kråkenes Lake, western Norway. The sediment sequence was deposited between 12,300 and 8850 14C BP, covering the Allerød, Younger Dryas, and early-Holocene periods. The first Trichoptera were recorded at 12,000 14C BP, and during the Allerod a diverse assemblage of Limnephilidae taxa developed in the lake. By about 11,400 14C BP the relatively thermophilous Polycentropus flavomaculatus and Limnephilus rhombicus were present, suggesting that the summer water temperature was at least 17 °C. This temperature fell by 5-8 °C at the start of the Younger Dryas, and the thermophilous taxa were replaced within 20-40 14C yrs by Apatania spp., including the arctic-alpine A. zonella, suggesting a maximum summer water temperature of 10-12 °C. The Trichoptera assemblage was impoverished in numbers and in diversity over the next 200 yrs as the severe conditions of the Younger Dryas developed. As soon as temperatures rose and glacial meltwater and silt input ended about 700 14C yrs later, the resident Apatania assemblage expanded immediately, within 10 yrs. About 130 yrs later, thermophilous taxa replaced Apatania, and a much more diverse assemblage than in the Allerod occupied the varied habitats made available by the development of the Holocene lake ecosystem. The 130 yr delay may have been caused by a gradual temperature increase crossing a critical threshold, or by the time taken for thermophilous taxa to migrate from their Younger Dryas refugia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008064831048
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for mid-Eemian cooling in continental climatic record from Lake Baikal (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 23 (2000), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Schlagwort(e): Lake Baikal ; diatoms ; biogenic silica ; Eemian ; climate change ; Siberia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The discussion on climatic instability observed in Greenland ice cores during the Eemian period (substage 5e) resulted in discovery of a pronounced mid-Eemian cooling event. We report that the mid-Eemian cooling is found for the first time in the biogenic silica climatic record and microfossil abundance record of Lake Baikal. Timing of this event in Lake Baikal correlates well with timing of the European pollen records and marine sedimentary records. The presence of the mid-Eemian cooling signal in the Lake Baikal record suggests a much closer link between Asian climate influenced by strong pressure fields over the vast land masses and the climate-controlling processes in the North Atlantic during interglacial periods, than what was generally believed. Furthermore, the Lake Baikal record suggests that after the mid-Eemian cooling, the climatic conditions returned close to the warmth of the 5e optimum and thus argues that the warm conditions of the last interglacial persisted in Siberia throughout 5e, and did not end with the mid-Eemian cooling as suggested by several published marine records.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008188100542
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Holocene lake sediment records of Arctic hydrology (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 24 (2000), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Schlagwort(e): Arctic ; Holocene ; paleohydrology ; paleolimnology ; climate change
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Although paleoclimatic research in the Arctic has most often focused on variations in temperature, the Arctic has also experienced changes in hydrologic balance. Changes in Arctic precipitation and evaporation rates affects soils, permafrost, lakes, wetlands, rivers, ice and vegetation. Changes in Arctic soils, permafrost, runoff, and vegetation can influence global climate by changing atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide concentrations, thermohaline circulation, and high latitude albedo. Documenting past variations in Arctic hydrological conditions is important for understanding Arctic climate and the potential response and role of the Arctic in regards to future climate change. Methods for reconstructing past changes in Arctic hydrology from the stratigraphic, isotopic, geochemical and fossil records of lake sediments are being developed, refined and applied in a number of regions. These records suggest that hydrological variations in the Arctic have been regionally asynchronous, reflecting the impacts of different forcing factors including orbitally controlled insolation changes, changes in geography related to coastal emergence, ocean currents, sea ice extent, and atmospheric circulation. Despite considerable progress, much work remains to be done on the development of paleohydrological proxies and their application to the Arctic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008100714795
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diatom transfer-functions for quantifying past air temperature, pH and total organic carbon concentration from lakes in northern Sweden (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 24 (2000), S. 109-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Schlagwort(e): diatoms ; climate change ; temperature ; pH ; transfer functions ; lake sediments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The relationships between diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) in surface sediments of lakes and summer air temperature, pH and total organic carbon concentration (TOC) were explored along a steep climatic gradient in northern Sweden to provide a tool to infer past climate conditions from sediment cores. The study sites are in an area with low human impact and range from boreal forest to alpine tundra. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) constrained to mean July air temperature and pH clearly showed that diatom community composition was different between lakes situated in conifer-, mountain birch- and alpine-vegetation zones. As a consequence, diatoms and multivariate ordination methods can be used to infer past changes in treeline position and dominant forest type. Quantitative inference models were developed to estimate mean July air temperature, pH and TOC from sedimentary diatom assemblages using weighted averaging (WA) and weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) regression. Relationships between diatoms and mean July air temperature were independent of lake-water pH, TOC, alkalinity and maximum depth. The results demonstrated that diatoms in lake sediments can provide useful and independent quantitative information for estimating past changes in mean July air temperature (R2 jack = 0.62, RMSEP = 0.86 °C; R2 and root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) based on jack-knifing), pH (R2 jack = 0.61, RMSEP = 0.30) and TOC (R2 jack = 0.49, RMSEP = 1.33 mg l-1). The paper focuses mainly on the relationship between diatom community composition and mean July air temperature, but the relationships to pH and TOC are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008128014721
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A first estimate of organic carbon storage in Holocene lake sediments in Alberta, Canada (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 24 (2000), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Schlagwort(e): carbon storage ; lake sediment ; Holocene ; Canada ; climate change ; organic matter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports a first estimate of the Holocene lake sediment carbon pool in Alberta, Canada. The organic matter content of lake sediment does not appear to depend strongly on lake size or other limnological parameters, allowing a simple first estimate in which we assume all Alberta lake sediment to have the same organic matter content. Alberta lake sediments sequester about 15 g C m-2 yr-1, for a provincial total of 0.23 Tg C yr-1, or 2.3 Pg C over the Holocene. Alberta lakes may represent as much as 1/1700 of total global, annual permanent carbon sequestration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008103605817
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vertical variability of PCE sorption in the lacustrine clays of Mexico City (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 595-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Sorption ; Perchloroethylene (PCE) ; Mexico City ; Groundwater
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A surficial clay aquitard extends through the urban area where Mexico City is located. It has been assumed to function as a protective layer to the underlying aquifer that provides 42 m3/s out of 63 m3/s of water used by 18 million inhabitants. To provide such protection, the aquitard must be impermeable to water flow and, ideally, have a significant capacity to sorb contaminants. The latter aspect was addressed, studying the vertical variability of sorption of perchloroethylene (PCE), a widely used organic compound considered to pose health risks in groundwater. Batch sorption tests were used and the clay-rich strata in the depth interval from 8 to 75 m were studied. The results suggest that sorption depends mainly on the fraction of organic carbon (foc) present in the clayey materials. The sorption data were fit to the linear and Freundlich models; many strata could be fit well by either model, while some strata were distinctly non-linear. The linear isotherms showed a mean value of 32.8 ml/g, and the Freundlich isotherm 96.6 ml/g, confirming that the clay-rich media have significant sorption capacity for PCE. From the environmental perspective the clay-rich materials are serving as protection to the groundwater system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050471
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impact of polluted canal water on adjacent soil and groundwater systems (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 945-950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Water quality ; Heavy metals ; Pollution ; Groundwater ; Canal water ; Soils
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002549900069
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A predictive modeling approach to assessing the groundwater pollution susceptibility of the Paluxy Aquifer, Central Texas, using a Geographic Information System (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 1063-1069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Pollution susceptibility ; Groundwater ; Aquifer ; Predictive modeling ; GIS ; DRASTIC
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Paluxy aquifer in north-central Texas is composed primarily of Lower Cretaceous clastics. This aquifer provides water for both domestic and agricultural purposes in the region. The study area for this investigation incorporates the outcrop and recharge areas, as well as the confined and unconfined portions of the aquifer. The purpose of this investigation is to develop a predictive modeling approach for evaluating the susceptibility of groundwater in the Paluxy aquifer to contamination, and then compare this susceptibility evaluation to water-chemistry data collected from wells completed within the aquifer. Using such an approach allows one to investigate the potential for groundwater contamination on a regional, rather than site-specific scale. Based on data from variables such as land use/land cover, soil permeability, depth to water, aquifer hydraulic conductivity and topography, subjective numerical weightings have been assigned according to each variables' relative importance in groundwater pollution susceptibility. The weights for each variable comprise a Geographic Information System (GIS) map layer. These map layers are combined to formulate the final pollution susceptibility map. Using this method of investigation, the pollution susceptibility map classifies 32% of the study area as having low pollution susceptibility, 41% as having moderate pollution susceptibility, 25% as having high pollution susceptibility, and 2% as having very high pollution susceptibility. When comparing these modeling results with water-chemistry data from wells within the Paluxy aquifer, the four wells with the highest concentration of nitrate contamination are all found within regions of very high pollution potential. This confirms the accuracy and usefulness of the predictive modeling approach for assessing aquifer pollution susceptibility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002549900078
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variability of natural effluents as an indicator of groundwater retention in the Carpathian foothills (southern Poland) (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 90-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Catchment area ; Groundwater ; Poland ; Water circulation ; Water effluents
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Research into the patterns of natural underground water effluents has been conducted in a small catchment basin (Wierzbanówka) that is representative of the Carpathian foothills. The aim of this study was to understand the long-term dynamics of the effluents and their responses to natural and artificial factors in order to estimate groundwater resources. High variability of the effluent patterns in the Carpathian foothills is a result of precipitation fluctuations, low ground retention capacity, a low rate of absorption in the flysch rock formation areas, and of the Quaternary covers. In addition, the dominance of agricultural land use, low forest coverage, and poor hydrological management are the main causes of this variability. Any local increase in underground water resources would only be possible if forests were planted on some of the agricultural land and changes were made to water management.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540000137
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A concept of forming a structure of ecological indicators and indexes for regions sustainable development (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 1227-1236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Sustainable development ; Indicators ; Indexes ; Groundwater
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A complex method for assessing the ecological state of groundwater by using indicators and indexes of underground hydrosphere sustainable development, and of characterizing its quality, is given for an oil field. The concept of forming indicators and indexes of sustainable development has been elaborated for this purpose. When forming a structure of environment indicators, the developments of the European Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in this sphere were considered. New indicators are given and a structure of indexes quantitatively characterizing them is worked out. Indexes can be simple, complex, muldidisciplinary and inter-multidisciplinary by their structure. By their essence indexes are subdivided into five classes: indexes of quality, damage, interaction, hydrogeochemical and dynamic ones. The ecological state of groundwater is assessed by the following categories of sustainability: sustainable, slightly unsustainable, medium unsustainable, unsustainable, highly unsustainable, catastrophically unsustainable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002549900092
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