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  • Articles  (44)
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  • Articles  (44)
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  • Springer  (44)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Springer Nature
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2000-2004  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of the Structure and Evolution of the Coma Morphology of Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1) (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 77 (1997), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comets –- Hale–Bopp C/1995 O1 ; jets ; dust ; CN
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Imaging of coma morphology of Comet Hale-Bopp from pre-perihelion through perihelion to post-perihelion is presented. Broad band images from 1996 and late 1997 show nearly radial jets streaking out from the nucleus. During both 1996 and late 1997, the brightest jets are approximately in a northern/northeastern direction. The slight curvature present in these radial jets is consistent with radiation pressure effects. Narrow band images around perihelion show two distinctive pictures of the CN and the continuum coma morphology. Spirals are clearly seen in the CN images but not in the continuum where structure is confined to the sunward side. The CN structure is consistent with continuous outgassing of the source of CN from the nucleus during both day and night.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006286830412
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo Simulations of Oort Cloud Comets: the Influence of Mantle Blow-off on the Inclination Distribution of Jupiter Family (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 77 (1997), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comets ; Jupiter family ; simulations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have developed an efficient Monte Carlo method by which we can evaluate the evolution of comets. There are many poorly known evolutional parameters, and we have investigated the influence of these parameters on the final populations and the inclination distributions of short-period comets. We compare the observed and calculated inclination distributions of different comet populations and obtain a good fit for the inclinations of the Jupiter family comets by assuming a mantle blow-off and a sudden brightening of the comet when its perihelion distance is lowered in a major jump.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006281618542
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What is the Parent of CH in the Coma of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)? (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comets ; chemistry ; spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The ratio of CH4/CO in comets is an important indicator of the region of their formation. However, it is difficult to measure the quantity of CH+. The Giotto Ion Mass Spectrometer experiment observed a quantity of CH+ which seemed inconsistent with the amount of CH+. Thus, it was proposed that a source of the CH+ was a distributed source in the dust. We tested this hypothesis by observing the CH emission strength in comet Hale-Bopp as a function of dustiness. We see no strong correlation between the dust and the gas. Thus, for Hale-Bopp,dust is unlikely to be a dominant source of CH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006235715217
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection Of Soft X-Ray Emission From Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp) (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 77 (1997), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comets ; general-comets ; individual (Hale–Bopp 1995 O1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the detection of soft X-rays from comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) by the Low Energy Concentrator Spectrometer (LECS) on-board the X-ray satellite, BeppoSAX. The observations took place on 1996 September 10–11 approximately 1 day after a large dust outburst (Schulz et al., 1997–1999). After correcting for the comets motion, a 7σ enhancement was found centered (2.1 ± 1.3) x 105 km from the position of the nucleus, in the general solar direction. The total X-ray luminosity in the 0.1–2.0 keV energy band is 5 x 1016 erg s−1 which is at least a factor of ∼ 3 greater than measured by the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE)4 days later and suggests that the bulk of the emission measured by the LECS is related to the dust outburst. The extracted LECS spectrum is well fit by a thermal bremsstrahlung-like distribution of temperature of 0.29 ± 0.06 keV - consistent with that observed in other comets. We find no evidence for fluorescent carbon or oxygen emission and place 95% confidence limits of 1.0 x 1015 and 7.8 x 1015 erg s−1 to narrow line emission at 0.28 and 0.53 keV, respectively. We calculate that if such lines are present, they constitute at most 18% of the 0.1–2.0 keV continuum luminosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006253028962
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisional Quenching of OH Radio Emission from Comet Hale-Bopp (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comets ; production rates ; OH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations of comets in the 18-cm OH transitions offer a means to probe gas production, kinematics, and OH excitation in comets. We present initial results of OH observations of comet Hale-Bopp obtained with the NRAO 43 m antenna located in Greenbank, WV. Maps of the emission provide strong constraints on the amount of quenching of the inversion of the OH ground state Λ-doublet in the coma. Analysis of the total radio OH flux and maps of its radial brightness distribution indicate a quenched region on the order of ∼500,000 km during March and April 1997. This large value is generally consistent with previous observations of radio OH quenching in lower production rate comets when the high production rate of comet Hale-Bopp is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006258908857
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Molecular Species in Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) Observed with the Caltech Ssubmillimeter Observatory (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comets ; composition ; radio observations ; spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present millimeter-wave observations of HNCO, HC3N, SO, NH2CHO, H13CN, and H3O+ in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)obtained in February–April, 1997 with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). HNCO, first detected at the CSO in comet C/1996B2 (Hyakutake), is securely confirmed in comet Hale-Bopp via observations of three rotational transitions. The derived abundance with respect to H2O is (4-13) × 10-4. HC3N, SO, and NH2CHO are detected for the first time in a comet. The fractional abundance of HC3N based on observations of three rotational lines is (1.9 ± 0.2) × 10-4. Four transitions of SO are detected and the derived fractional abundance, (2-8) ×10-3, is higher than the upper limits derived from UV observations of previous comets. Observations of NH2CHO imply a fractional abundance of (1-8) × 10-4. H3O is detected for the first time from the ground. The H13CN (3-2)transition is also detected and the derived HCN/H13CN abundance ratio is 90 ± 15, consistent with the terrestrial12C/13C ratio. In addition, a number of other molecular species are detected, including HNC, OCS, HCO+, CO+, and CN(the last two are first detections in a comet at radio wavelengths).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006281802554
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Infrared Spectra of Comet Hale-Bopp at Heliocentric Distances of 4 and 2.9 AU (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comet ; infrared ; dust ; silicates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present 10 and 20 μm spectra of comet Hale-Bopp taken at UKIRT on 1996 June 20 and 1996 September 29.The 10 μm spectra clearly show a strong silicate feature with peaks at 10.0 and 11.2 μm. The 20 μm spectrum on September 29 has strong excess flux relative to a blackbody and a peak near 19μm, in good agreement with the ISO SWS spectra obtained a week later. However, the 20 μm spectrum on June 20 has significantly lower flux than would be expected based on a blackbody extrapolation from the flux at 12.5 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006229906690
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery Of Mg-Rich Pyroxenes In Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp): Pristine Grains Revealed At Perihelion (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comet ; infrared ; dust ; silicates ; olivine ; pyroxene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The NASA Ames HIFOGS spectrometer observed comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) at epochs including 96 Oct 7–14 UT (2.8 AU), 97 Feb 14–15 UT (1.2 AU), 97 Apr 11 UT (0.93 AU), and 97 Jun 22, 25 UT (1.7 AU). The HIFOGS 7.5–13.5 μm spectrophotometry (R = 360 - 180) of the silicate feature at 2.8 AU is identical in shape to the ISO SWS spectra of comet Hale-Bopp (Crovisier et al., 1997); the strong 11.2 μm peak in the structured silicate feature is identified as olivine. Upon close passage to the sun, the HIFOGS spectra at 1.2 AU and 0.93 AU reveals strong peaks at 9.3 μm and 10.0 μm. The post-perihelion 10 μm silicate feature at 1.7 AU is weaker but has nearly the same shape as the pre-perihelion spectra at 1.2 AU, reverting to its pre-perihelion shape: there is no change in the dust chemistry by close passage to the sun. The appearance of the strong peaks at 9.3 μm and 10.0 μm at rh ≲ 1.7 AU is attributed to the rise in the contribution of pryoxenes (clino-pyroxene and orthopyroxene crystals) to the shape of the feature, and leads to the hypothesis that the pyroxenes are significantly cooler than the olivines. The pyroxenes are radiating on the Wien side of the blackbody at 2.8 AU and transition to the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of the blackbody upon closer approach to the Sun. Composite fits to the observed 10 μm silicate features using IDPs and laboratory minerals shows that a good empirical fit to the spectra is obtained when the pryoxenes are about 150 K cooler than the olivines. The pyroxenes, because they are cooler and contribute signficantly at perihelion, are more abundant than the olivines. The perihelion temperature of the pyroxenes implies that the pyroxenes are more Mg-rich than the other minerals including the olivines, amorphous olivines, and amorphous pyroxenes. The PUMA-1 flyby measurements of comet P/Halley also indicated an overabundance of Mg-rich pryoxenes compared to olivines. Comet Hale-Bopp's pyroxenes are similar to pyroxere IDPs from the ’Spray‘ class, known for their D-richness and their unaltered morphologies: Hale-Bopp's Mg-rich pyroxenes may be pristine relic ISM grains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006225722620
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The HNC/HCN Ratio in Comets (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comets ; interstellar molecules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The abundance ratio of the isomers HCN and HNC has been investigated in comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) through observations of the J = 4−3 rotational transitions of both species for heliocentric distances 0.93 〈 r 〈 3 AU, both pre- and post-perihelion. After correcting for the optical depth of the stronger HCN line, we find that the column density ratio of HNC/HCN in our telescope beam increases significantly as the comet approaches the Sun. We compare this behavior to that predicted from an ion-molecule chemical model and conclude that the HNC is produced insignificant measure by chemical processes in the coma; i.e., for comet Hale-Bopp, HNC is not a parent molecule sublimating from the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006202823878
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging polarimetry of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) around perihelion (1997)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 78 (1997), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comet Hale-Bopp ; polarization ; dust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The polarization distribution of the inner coma of comet Hale-Bopp was measured by CCD imaging around perihelion. The dust shell positions correlate well with relative maxima of polarization. The images taken in the I-band identify different shell systems, each showing individual polarization properties. This could be related to differences in the dust properties of the associated jets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006250412142
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