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  • Journals
  • Articles  (13)
  • L13  (8)
  • linear programming
  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1996  (13)
  • Economics  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 18 (1996), S. 131-144 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Cutting stock ; integer solutions ; heuristics ; linear programming ; column generation ; numerical experiments ; Zuschneideprobleme ; Ganzzahligkeit ; Heuristiken ; Lineare Optimierung ; Spaltengenerierung ; Numerische Experimente
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit betrachten wir das Problem der Bestimmung ganzzahliger Lösungen für das Standardproblem der eindimensionalen Zuschnittplanung. Insbesondere werden eine spezielle Klasse heuristischer Lösungsverfahren, die in der Literatur beschrieben sind, sowie einige naheliegende Varianten dieser Verfahren vorgestellt. Auf der Grundlage eines numerischen Experiments, bei dem 4.000 Probleme zufällig erzeugt und gelöst wurden, werden die Verfahren miteinander verglichen und im Hinblick auf die Kriterien „Lösungsqualität“ und „Rechenzeitbedarf“ beurteilt. Dabei zeigt sich nicht nur, daß zwei Verfahren deutlich besser als die übrigen einzustufen sind, sondern auch, daß mit ihrer Hilfe nahezu jede Problemausprägung des klassischen eindimensionalen Zuschneideproblems optimal gelöst werden kann.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the problem of generating integer solutions to the standard one-dimensional cutting stock problem is treated. In particular, we study a specific class of heuristic approaches that have been proposed in the literature, and some straightforward variants. These methods are compared with respect to solution quality and computing time. Our evaluation is based on having solved 4,000 randomly generated test problems. Not only will it be shown that two methods are clearly superior to the others but also that they solve almost any instance of the standard one-dimensional cutting stock problem to an optimum.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 62 (1996), S. 419-437 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Big-M Phase I procedure ; convex quadratic programming ; interior point methods ; linear programming ; method of centers ; multidirectional search direction ; nonconvex quadratic programming ; recentering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we present an interior point algorithm for solving both convex and nonconvex quadratic programs. The method, which is an extension of our interior point work on linear programming problems efficiently solves a wide class of largescale problems and forms the basis for a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) solver for general large scale nonlinear programs. The key to the algorithm is a three-dimensional cost improvement subproblem, which is solved at every interation. We have developed an approximate recentering procedure and a novel, adaptive big-M Phase I procedure that are essential to the sucess of the algorithm. We describe the basic method along with the recentering and big-M Phase I procedures. Details of the implementation and computational results are also presented.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 64 (1996), S. 197-210 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Feasibility ; uncapacitated network ; Gale-Hoffman inequality ; linear programming ; frame ; cut ; facet ; polar matrix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of individual arcs and nodes on the description of feasibility in an uncapacitated network. This is done by developing an iterative algorithm for finding all (necessary) Gale-Hoffman inequalities for the network.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 6 (1996), S. 411-423 
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: L13 ; O31 ; Evolutionary economics ; Schumpeterian competition ; Innovation ; Oligopoly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The modeling of Schumpeterian competition as a process of innovation, imitation and selection was first presented by Nelson/Winter (1982) in a simulation study and further analyzed in a similar but general analytical formulation by Iwai (1984a, 1984b). Their results concerning the relations between the combination of the different forces of Schumpeterian competition and market structure respectively the distributions of profits are interesting, but restricted to competitive markets. Comparing rules of thumb and satisficing for the R&D decisions the present study analyzes the process of Schumpeterian competition in a heterogeneous oligopoly. Firstly, the authors find for the R&D-concentration relation results contrary to the traditional interpretation of Schumpeter. Secondly, Iwai's (1984a, 1984b) qualitative results hold in this less restrictive modeling.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of economics 63 (1996), S. 259-278 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: information exchange ; coalition-proof Nash equilibrium ; D82 ; L13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In a three-firm oligopoly model we show that, in addition to being a simple Nash equilibrium, information sharing among all firms is sometimes coalition-proof, and, information exchange among a proper subset of the firms can constitute a coalition-proof equilibrium. Thus, information exchange among firms, even without collusion on prices or outputs, can be very stable and may occur more widely than previously expected.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of economics 64 (1996), S. 23-51 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: asymmetry ; research and development ; joint ventures ; sharing rules ; L13 ; O13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The impact of asymmetries between partners on the likelihood of establishing successful research and development and production joint ventures relative to the alternative of own development is assessed analytically. The often empirically observed 50/50 sharing rule in asymmetric alliances is compared to a bargained rule, where asymmetries in absorptive capacity, as well as R&D and production efficiency are explicitly taken into account. Industry settings in which successful asymmetric alliances are more likely to occur are pinpointed. The analysis focuses on the influence of the size and format of these asymmetries, the technological appropriability and complementarity between partners on the incentives for both partners to cooperate as well as to cheat on the venture agreement. The results are compared to a setting where the joint venture is only involved in R&D.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of economics 64 (1996), S. 129-154 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: exchange rates ; pass-through ; market structure ; D43 ; F12 ; F31 ; L13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a situation in whichn firms located in market 1 andm firms located in market 2 each sell a commodity which is homogeneous within each market but may differ between markets. All firms sell on both markets. Each market has its own currency. The market demand functions differ. We give some basic results on the effects of exchange-rate changes and then show the following. When these markets are independent on the cost side (constant marginal costs) and demands are linear, a reduction in the number of firms (which might result from a merger) in market 1 increases the pass-through (of an appreciation of currency 2) in market 1 and decreases the pass-through in market 2. A similar occurrence in market 2 has the opposite effect. We give conditions under which, with identical economies of scope linking the markets, the sign of the price changes will be reversed when the number of foreign firms is small enough compared to the number of local firms. However, such sign reversals cannot occur in the two markets simultaneously.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of economics 64 (1996), S. 315-324 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: minimum differentiation ; Hotelling ; capacity constraints ; L13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this note, we consider the Hotelling model with linear transportation costs. We show that capacity constraints may restore the existence of an equilibrium for locations inside the first and third quartiles.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirica 23 (1996), S. 255-278 
    ISSN: 1573-6911
    Keywords: Theory of mergers ; competitiveness ; competition policy ; industrial policy ; D81 ; F23 ; L21 ; L13 ; L40 ; L50 ; O38
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper suggests that while the static welfare losses of merger predilections among Western firms may not be dramatic, they may lead to substantial dynamic losses when merger-prone firms need to compete with firms which instead focus on equipment investment and investments in R&D. It is suggested that such diverging investment priorities have been the real cause of the deteriorating competitiveness of many of the largest Western enterprises vis-à-vis their Japanese rivals. While mergers are generally taken to be determined by either efficiency or monopoly considerations, this paper argues that Western merger predilections are likely to be generated by a combination of imitative and defensive routines as well. That would make it difficult for firms to unilaterally break away from these competitiveness-threatening investments. If correct, this would imply that competition policies would need to be refocused. However, it is also suggested that the implications for international competitiveness should make merger questions a subject of industrial policies too. In that respect, the paper suggests some basic attitudinal changes.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 11 (1996), S. 853-860 
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Mixed oligopoly ; public ownership ; privatization ; L33 ; L13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract If a publicly-owned firm has a higher marginal cost than a private firm, partial public ownership may be welfare-improving, if the public firm acts is Stackelberg leader. If the private firm's marginal cost is private information a simple transfer function is truth-eliciting. If the stock market is efficient, the cost of renationalization is “small”.
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