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  • Articles  (38)
  • taxonomy
  • Springer  (38)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (38)
  • 1996  (38)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodiversity of freshwater fungi (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1996), S. 328-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: hyphomycetes ; ascomycetes ; taxonomy ; ecology ; stream biology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract There are more than 600 species of freshwater fungi with more known from temperate, as compared to tropical regions. These includeca 340 ascomycetes, 300 deuteromycetes, and a number of lower fungi which are not discussed here.Aniptodera, Annulatascus, Massarina, Ophioceras andPseudohalonectria are common freshwater ascomycetes, which appear to be well adapted for this lifestyle either in their ascospore types or their competitive-degradative characters. The most common genera of wood-inhabiting deuteromycetes includeCancellidium, Dactylaria, Dictyosporium andHelicomyces. They are categorized into four groups depending on their form and life style: the ingoldian hyphomycetes; the aero-aquatic hyphomycetes; the terrestrial-aquatic hyphomycetes; and the submerged-aquatic hyphomycetes. The adaptations of aquatic fungi for their dispersal and subsequent attachment to new substrates are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574764
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycosyrinx and other pair-spored Ustilaginales (1996)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 173-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Geminago ; Geminago nonveilleri ; Mycosyrinx ; taxonomy ; Ustilaginales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The revision of the genusMycosyrinx resulted in the recognition of three species, all on Vitaceae:M. cissi (type onCissus sicyoides), M. arabica (type onCissus quadrangularis), andM. microspora (type onCissus afzelii), and in the description of a new genus. After a short historical review, the genusMycosyrinx is characterized and descriptions, synonyms, ilustrations, and a key are given for the three recognizedMycosyrinx species.Mycosyrinx globosa (nomen nudum, onCissus sp.) is considered to be immatureM. microspora. Lectotype is selected forSchizonella colemani (=M. arabica). A short characterization is given for the generaSchizonella andUstacystis and they are compared withMycosyrinx andSchroeteria. ForM. nonveilleri (type onTriplochiton scleroxylon, Sterculiaceae) a new genus,Geminago, is proposed. A key to the pair-spored genera of Ustilaginales is given.Mycosyrinx osmundae (type onOsmunda regalis, Pteridophyta, Osmundaceae) and its var.cinnamomae are excluded fromMycosyrinx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461343
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new species ofLasiobolidium from Californian soil (1996)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: cleistothecial ascomycete ; Lasiobolidium gracile ; soil fungus ; taxonomy ; USA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lasiobolidium gracile isolated from a soil sample collected from California, USA is described as a new species. This species is characterized by yellowish brown to reddish brown, nonostiolate ascomata with numerous, long straight appendages and a translucent peridium, subglobose to broadly clavate asci, hyaline to pale yellowish brown, ellipsoidal ascospores. It differs from the other species ofLasiobolidium in the straight and narrow appendages and the large ascospores. A key is presented separating the seven known species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461295
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chaetomidium heterotrichum from Venezuela, with a key to species and cladistic analysis of the genusChaetomidium (1996)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Chaetomidium ; Chaetomidium heterotrichum ; cladistic analysis ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A species of the genusChaetomidium was isolated from fallen leaves of an unknown tree during a mycofloral survey of materials from the ‘Gran Sabana’ region in Southeastern Venezuela. The species was identified asC. heterotrichum. Identification was based on the perithecium lacking a neck and ostiole, the peridium being composed of textura angularis cells, the perithecium being covered with hairs and setae at the apex, and by 4-spored asci containing uniporate ascospores. The anamorph was intermediate betweenChalara andAcremonium sect.Chaetomioides. This is the first report of this species in Venezuela and only the second timeC. heterotrichum has been found. An illustrated description ofC. heterotrichum and a key to eight recognized species ofChaetomidium, based on morphological characters in the literature, are provided. The results of a cladistic analysis of 12 available morphological characters of the genus revealed two main groups, each based on the two characters ‘ascospore shape’ and ‘peridial wall type’. The ascomatal hairs had little influence on the species grouping. With the exception ofC. heterotrichum, the remaining species ofChaetomidium were monophyletically supported in 73% of the bootstrap replicates.Chaetomidium heterotrichum was the basal ingroup taxon and formed a sister group to the other species in the genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461296
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutlet sculpturing inScutellaria sect.Resinosa (Lamiaceae) and its taxonomic utility (1996)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 199 (1996), S. 109-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Lamiaceae ; Scutellaria sect.Resinosa ; SEM ; nutlet sculpturing ; micromorphology ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nutlet sculpturing of 22 taxa ofScutellaria sect.Resinosa, representing 18 of its 19 species, and the monotypic genusSalazaria was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nutlets of sect.Resinosa, while remarkably variable among themselves, differed from hypothetically closely related sections in lacking circumferential banding and sessile glands. Species could be grouped by surface sculpturing into seemingly meaningful phenetic clusters.Scutellaria potosina var.platyphylla was sufficiently distinct micromorphically so as to be elevated to specific status asScutellaria platyphylla comb. and stat. nov. The significance of nutlet microcharacters within sect.Resinosa is discussed, especially as compared to closely related sections. The genusSalazaria had nutlet sculpturing quite different from all taxa belonging to sect.Resinosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985921
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  • 6
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    The taxonomy and morphological and anatomical differentiation of populations ofLeiothrix crassifolia (Eriocaulaceae) (1996)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 199 (1996), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Eriocaulaceae ; Leiothrix crassifolia (L. nubigena, L. obtusifolia) ; Morphological and anatomical variation ; geographical differentiation ; taxonomy ; Flora of ‘campos rupestres’ ; Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphological and anatomical leaf and scape differentiation ofLeiothrix crassifolia is analysed and classified into seven types (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII). The species has a relatively wide distribution in the campo rupestre of Minas Gerais in Brazil. Variation in the isolated populations on different mountain ranges is complex, does not follow a clear geographical pattern, and defies taxonomic classification.L. nubigena andL. obtusifolia are included inL. crassifolia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984907
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Sporidesmium filiferum from Tsukuba, Japan (1996)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Dematiaceae ; Deuteromycotina ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sporidesmium filiferum isolated from a leaflet ofPhellodendron amurense lying on the soil surface at Tsukuba, Japan is described together with photomicrographs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Examination of Antarctic prokaryotic diversity through molecular comparisons (1996)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 5 (1996), S. 1295-1305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: Archaea ; Bacteria ; Antarctica ; biodiversity ; 16S rRNA ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Prokaryotes perform key functions in Antarctic ecosystems, and knowledge of the taxonomy of Antarctic prokaryotes is a prerequisite for the transfer of information between fields of scientific inquiry. The taxonomy of prokaryotes has been greatly revised and improved due to the refinements afforded by molecular techniques such as 16S rRNA sequencing. Past inventories of Antarctic microbial diversity are difficult to reconcile with the developing, phylogenetically-based taxonomy. Antarctic prokaryotes are considerably diverse and most evolutionary groups are represented, including representatives of both Archaea and Bacteria. The diversity appears unique due to the ease with which new species can be isolated; however, that may be a result of our vastly incomplete knowledge of both Antarctic and non-Antarctic prokaryotic diversity. Use of the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular clock would suggest that the majority of Antarctic prokaryotes diverged from their nearest known non-Antarctic relatives long before a stable ice-sheet developed in Antarctica. The time of colonization (or recolonization) of Antarctic environments by individual species may have been very recent in evolutionary time scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051980
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Diversity, distribution and dispersal of Antarctic terrestrial algae (1996)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 5 (1996), S. 1307-1335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: algae ; cyanobacteria ; terrestrial ; Antarctica ; taxonomy ; endemism ; distribution ; dispersal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Terrestrial algae have been studied at widespread Antarctic localities. However, their diversity is not fully known as often collections have not been made from all habitats and techniques have been inadequate for recognition of the total flora. Identifications can be unreliable and are often left at generic level. Despite this it seems that they largely comprise cosmopolitan species but at a reduced diversity relative to other regions. There is a small element of endemic species which, in general, differ only slightly from related species elsewhere. Lack of base-line taxonomic knowledge, detailed characterization of environmental factors, and application of multivariate analysis restricts our ability to define communities and interpret their distribution patterns. Examples are provided where understanding would be greatly improved by more detailed analyses. Dispersal barriers could be operating both to and within Antarctica. However, local dispersal by wind seems readily accomplished. Overcoming dispersal barriers to Antarctica, and between ice-free localities within Antarctica, could present a greater problem. Investigation of long-distance transport of propagules by wind, birds and humans is needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051981
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    The freshwater snail Bulinus tropicus (Planorbidae) in Namibia, characterised according to chromosome number, enzymes and morphology (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 317 (1996), S. 127-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Mollusca ; Bulinus ; freshwater snails ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Africa ; Namibia ; Schistosoma haematobium ; schistosomiasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Freshwater snails collected in central Namibia, south-western Africa, from 15 populations belonging to the Bulinus truncatus/tropicus complex (Planorbidae) are characterised in respect of their chromosome number, morphology, egg proteins and enzymes. The population samples were all consistently diploid and euphallic. The findings are compared with observations on this group of snails in other areas of Africa. It is concluded that the Namibian populations belong to a single species, B. tropicus (Krauss, 1848), of which B. parietalis (Mousson, 1887) is probably a synonym. No evidence was found of any occurrence of the tetraploid species B. truncatus or of snails belonging to the B. africanus group; lack of a potential intermediate host therefore precludes transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018736
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  • 11
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    Streptocephalus caljoni n.sp. (Crustacea: Anostraca) from Burundi and analysis of its limb structure (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 319 (1996), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anostraca ; taxonomy ; limb structure ; Streptocephalus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Streptocephalus caljoni n. sp. from Burundi is described. It is related to Streptocephalus trifidus, but differs from it and other Streptocephalus in the cheliform hand of the male antenna II. We also analyse the morphology of the setae on the endo- and exopodite of the fifth trunk limb, using light- and scanning electron microscopy. This analysis reveals additional differences between the two related species, and is a useful tool in the study of the taxonomy of the Anostraca.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016883
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Lecane segersi n.sp. (Rotifera, Lecanidae) from Thailand (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 339 (1996), S. 23-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; Thailand ; taxonomy ; Lecane segersi n.sp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lecane segersi n.sp. collected from a swamp in Udornthani province, northeastern part of Thailand, is described and figured. It is closely related to the common, warm-stenotherm Lecane papuana (Murray), but distinguished by the presence of inwardly directed antero-lateral spines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008909
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  • 13
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    Attheyella (Canthosella) mervini sp.n. (Canthocamptidae, Harpacticoida) from Jamaican bromeliads (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 339 (1996), S. 123-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Attheyella (Canthosella) mervini ; taxonomy ; new species ; Jamaica ; phytotelmata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In phytotelmata of Jamaican bromeliads the harpacticoid copepods Epactophanes richardi Mrázek, 1893, Phyllognathopus viguieri (Maupas, 1892) and Attheyella (Canthosella) mervini sp. n. occurred. The new species conforms to the diagnosis of the subgenus, despite the fact that the endopods of legs 2–4 have retained more setae than in the species known for the Asian region. Attheyella (Canthosella) mervini lacks setae on the baseoendopod of leg 5, which is characteristic for neotropical Canthosella-species. We propose that Attheyella (Chappuisiella) kalima (Delachaux, 1924), Attheyella (Ch.) aliena Noodt, 1956, Elaphoidella siolii Kiefer, 1967, and Canthocamptus (Elaphoidella) striblingi Reid, 1990 be included in the subgenus Attheyella (Canthosella). Additionally, Attheyella (Chappuisiella) kalima of Dussart & Frutos, 1986 is included in this subgenus, but we propose the name Attheyella (Canthosella) pilagaensis sp.n., because the species as described differs from the original description of A. (C.) kalima (Delachaux, 1924).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008920
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  • 14
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    Myoretronectes paranaensis n. gen. et sp., a new freshwater genus of the family Retronectidae (Turbellaria, Catenulida) from the Paraná, Argentina (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 330 (1996), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Retronectidae ; Myoretronectes ; taxonomy ; morphology ; ecology ; Paraná river ; Argentina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Myoretronectes paranaensis, gen. et sp. n., from lotic sandy bottoms of the Paraná river, Argentina, is described. The establishment of the new genus is based on the presence of a non-ciliated pharynx, a discrete oesophagus, and a strong muscle system surrounding the distal pharynx. A new emended diagnosis of the family Retronectidae is presented. Myoretronectes paranaensis apparently cohabits with the oligochaete Narapa bonettoi Righi & Varela, 1983 and the copepod Parastenocaris sp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019999
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  • 15
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    Description ofPhyllodiaptomus christineae n.sp. from Thailand, and distinction of two subgenera withinPhyllodiaptomus Kiefer,1936 (Copepoda, Calanoida) (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 323 (1996), S. 139-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Phyllodiaptomus ; Copepoda ; Calanoida ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phyllodiaptomus christineae n.sp. is described from Thailand. It stands out, in the male, by the shape and the armature of the second exopodite-segment of the right P5 and by the elongate apical process and ornamentation of the second exopodite-segment of the left P5; in the female, by the reduced lateral wings of the fifth pediger, and by the form of the genital somite. Together withP. blanci, P. tunguidus andP. longipes, the new species constitutes the blanci-group, here raised to the level of a subgenus (Phyllodiaptomus s.s.) with representatives in Central Asia, China, Borneo and Thailand. A second subgenus (Ctenodiaptomus subgen. nov.) is created to accommodate the four Asian species of the annae-group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017591
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  • 16
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    New species of parasitic copepods of the Genus Acusicola (Poecilostomatoida: Ergasilidae) from gill filaments of coastal and freshwater Brazilian fishes, and proposition of Acusicola rogeri n. sp. for A. tenax sensu Cressey & Collette (1970) (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 324 (1996), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; fish parasites ; Copepoda ; Ergasilidae ; Acusicola ; Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four new species of Acusicola are described based on adult females found on gill filaments of several species of coastal and freshwater fishes caught in Brazilian basins. The distribution area of the genus in Brazil is significantly enlarged, since until now the previous Brazilian species had been known only from Amazonian fishes. The specimens identified as Acusicula tenax by Cressey and Collette (1970) are considered representatives of a new species, A. rogeri. A key for identification of the species of Acusicola is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016390
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  • 17
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    Aquatic snails of the Bulinus africanus group in Zambia identified according to morphometry and enzymes (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 324 (1996), S. 163-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Mollusca ; Bulinus ; freshwater snails ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Africa ; Zambia ; Schistosoma haematobium ; schistosomiasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Bulinus africanus species group (Planorbidae) of freshwater snails has been reported to be represented in Zambia by two species, B. africanus (Krauss) and B. globosus (Morelet), both named as intermediate hosts for Schistosoma haematobium. Uncertainty in identification of these snails from morphology led to the present investigation, combining morphometry (shell and copulatory organ) with enzyme analysis. Observations of both kinds were made usually on the same individual snails, from collecting sites mostly in the Lusaka area or at Lake Kariba. Particular attention was given to the proportional relationship between the penis sheath and the preputium of the copulatory organ, a character used previously to distinguish B. africanus from B. globosus in south-eastern Africa. The enzyme profile MDH-1, AcP-2, PGD-1 and PGM-2 was common to all snails examined from 25 populations; GPI and HBDH were polymorphic. The enzyme data indicate that the samples represent a single species. Shell characters varied continuously. The copulatory organ was generally of the form known for B. globosus. Although the copulatory organ of a few individuals had proportions overlapping the range reported for B. africanus, the present variation was continuous and was not bimodal. It is concluded that all these specimens are conspecific and may be identified as B. globosus. Previous identifications of B. africanus from Zambia appear to need substantiation and it seems that if this species is present at all in the sampled areas, it must be uncommon. It is relevant in regard to possible strain differences within S. haematobium in Zambia, that our observations indicate that only a single species of intermediate host is involved in transmission.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018178
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  • 18
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    Plumatella nitens, a new species of freshwater bryozoan from North America (Ectoprocta: Phylactolaemata), previously misidentified (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 328 (1996), S. 147-153 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Ectoprocta ; bryozoa ; Phylactolaemata ; Plumatella ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plumatella nitens is a newly recognized species of phylactolaemate bryozoan in North America. It has previously been combined with either P. repens or P. fungosa, from which it differs primarily by the floatoblast. In P. nitens the ventral floatoblast annulus is uniformly narrow with no significant widening at the poles. The dorsal floatoblast fenestra is conspicuously larger than in either P. repens or P. fungosa. Reticulated ridges on the dorsal fenestra are weak along the margins, becoming unusually prominent in the center. The sessoblast is densely covered with uneven papillae. Spotty sampling so far shows a distribution only in the northern half of North America, including Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ontario, and the northern regions of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018711
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  • 19
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    Contribution to the knowledge of female west palaearctic Glyptotendipes Kieff. (Diptera, Nematocera, Chironomidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 318 (1996), S. 17-23 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Chironomidae ; systematics ; taxonomy ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The characters of the genitalia of the females of Glyptotendipes glaucus (Meigen, 1818), Glyptotendipes pallens (Meigen, 1804), Glyptotendipes paripes (Edwards, 1929), Glyptotendipes gripekoveni (Kieffer, 1913), Glyptotendipes aequalis (Kieffer, 1922), Glyptotendipes barbipes (Staeger, 1839) and Glyptotendipes salinus Michailova, 1987 are described. A key for the identification of these species is given. The taxonomic status of Glyptotendipes aequalis is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014128
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  • 20
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    How many species of Cladocera are there? (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 321 (1996), S. 191-204 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cladocera ; taxonomy ; species estimation ; world fauna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An estimation of the number of taxa within families, genera and local faunas of Cladocera reveals that only c. 129 species (17% of all known species) may be considered as sufficiently well described (valid species), and c. 146 as rather well described (fair species) but needing further study using modern methods of investigation. The status of all other species is vague. The families Chydoridae, Daphniidae and Sididae and genera Diaphanosoma, Daphnia, (including Daphniopsis), Megafenestra, Scapholeberis, Eurycercus, Chydorus, Ephemeroporus and Pleuroxus have been comparatively studied best. The largest number of valid species is known from Europe, North America, Australia and South America, and the smallest number from Africa. Presence of large number of vague species of Cladocera negatively affects faunistic, zoogeographic, and ecological studies of continental waters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143750
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  • 21
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    Chydorus ‘mutilus’ Kreis, 1921 — a postephippial form of Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. Müller, 1785) (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 323 (1996), S. 45-59 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Chydorus ‘mutilus’ ; Chydorus sphaericus ; high altitude lakes ; palaeolimnology ; taxonomy ; ecology ; sediments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Since 1991 faunal collections have been made from the mountain lakes of NW Slovenia. These lakes are at altitudes of between 1250 and 2150 m a. s.l., and have rich biotas, both in terms of species-richness, and faunal abundance. Amongst the animals collected were ‘hump-backed’ specimens of genus Chydorus. These are identical with Chydorus ‘mutilus’, a species described from Swiss mountain lakes by Kreis (1921). The abundance of specimen in the collections, coupled with the availability of data from four successive years of sampling, allowed the detailed analysis of these populations. This also includes an examination of chitinous remains preserved in subrecent sediments. The results show that C. ‘mutilus’ Kreis, 1921 actually represents a postephippial form of C. sphaericus (O. F. Müller, 1785). From the data available, it appears that the ‘hump-backed’ form only occurs under certain environmental conditions. Here I discuss environmental factors having the potential to trigger the formation of hump-backed Chydorus. These findings may prove significant in palaelimnological studies, and in the reconstruction of paleotemperatures. In addition, hump-backed animals, apparently identical to European C. ‘mutilus’, have also been found in a sample taken from Lake Titicaca (Peru) in 1954. This supports the hypothesis that the hump-backed morph is an environmentally-cued ecophenotype, and not an independent taxon.
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    Aquatic Oligochaeta in Italy, with special reference to Naididae (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 334 (1996), S. 37-49 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Oligochaeta ; Naididae ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present a list of Italian freshwater and marine Oligochaeta in the families Lumbriculidae, Haplotaxidae, Tubificidae, Naididae, Propappidae, Criodrilidae, and Lumbricidae, representing 57 genera and 130 species. Published data reflect the incomplete knowledge of the Italian oligochaete fauna, restricted to certain geographical areas. Subterranean aquatic and marine fauna are of particular interest as these have been studied the least. We provide a comprehensive review of the Naididae including, for the first time, southern Italy and the islands of Sicily and Sardinia. The distribution of species is discussed and taxonomic problems arising from the morphological variability of Italian material are examined.
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    Oligochaetes (Naididae, Tubificidae, Opistocystidae, Enchytraeidae, Sparganophilidae and Alluroididae) of Guyana (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 334 (1996), S. 17-29 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Aquatic oligochaetes ; Enchytraeidae ; Guyana ; distribution ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract About 50 species in more than 20 genera of the microdrile oligochaete families Tubificidae, Naididae, Opistocystidae, and Enchytraeidae and the freshwater megadrile families Sparganophilidae and Alluroididae were identified in recent collections made in Guyana. Only seven species in these families were previously recorded from Guyana. The aquatic oligochaete fauna has similar components to those of the southeastern United States, other locations in South America, and across lower latitudes in the northern hemisphere. A high diversity of species is found in the naidids especially in the genera Pristina and Pristinella, especially considering the small number of locations that have been sampled. The collections include approximately 12 new species of rhyacodrilines (Tubificidae), Dero, Pristina, Pristinella (Naididae), Brinkhurstia (Alluroididae), Hemienchytraeus and Aspidodrilus (Enchytraeidae). This is the first record of Aspidodrilus from outside of Africa and the first new record since 1952.
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    Species separation and identification in the Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida): combining morphology with general protein data (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 334 (1996), S. 31-36 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Enchytraeidae ; Oligochaeta ; taxonomy ; general protein ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the Enchytraeidae, species separation and identification is often problematic due to high morphological similarity of closely related species and considerable intraspecific variability of crucial characteristics. Immature specimens are almost undeterminable. To meet these difficulties, this paper recommends the consulting of general protein patterns as exhibited by non-specific silver-staining after isoelectric focusing. A method is presented which allows the successful inclusion of protein data in taxonomic studies and field surveys. Two examples from an investigation on Fridericia field populations show that, with the help of general protein pattern analysis, a clear taxonomic decision on the identity of morphologically aberrant forms and of juvenile specimens as well can be achieved with comparatively little expenditure of time. A combined use of morphological and protein data for taxonomic purposes is suggested.
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    3. Biodiversity, biogeography and conservation of diatoms (1996)
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    Hydrobiologia 336 (1996), S. 19-32 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: diatoms ; biogeography ; species concept ; taxonomy ; conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recent morphometric and breeding studies of diatoms show that the present species classification is too coarse and hides significant diversity. Many species are subdivided into phenodemes, which often differ in cell size, shape, stria density and pattern, but may also have different ultrastructural features. In raphid diatoms these can include the form of the raphe endings, details of the pore occlusions, and the structure of the girdle, while chloroplast structure can also vary. The phenodemes can be sympatric or allopatric. In Sellaphora pupula and other species, sympatric phenodemes are reproductively isolated. It is recommended that such demes are recognized as separate species; the total number of diatom species worldwide may thus be at least 2 × 105. Use of a fine-grained classification reveals that many diatom species may be endemics, some restricted to a single lake or catchment, others to wider areas. Environmental impact assessments and conservation strategies must begin to take account of endemism and rarity among microscopic algae and protists.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010816
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    10. Snow algae of the Windmill Islands region, Antarctica (1996)
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    Hydrobiologia 336 (1996), S. 99-106 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: snow algae ; taxonomy ; ultrastructure ; new species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A list of the 24 species of snow algae identified from the region, a resume of what is currently known about the major species, and avenues for further research are provided. New species discovered include 2 Desmotetra spp., one Chlorosarcina sp., 2 Chloromonas spp. and a Palmellopsis sp. Several of these are from genera whose members have previously been found only in the soil flora. Not only was it necessary to elucidate the life cycle of these species, but it was also essential to examine them ultrastructurally to determine their taxonomic positions.
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    Brown algae (Phaeophyta) from Bahía de los Angeles, Gulf of California, México (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 326-327 (1996), S. 169-172 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: distribution ; Gulf of California ; Mexico ; Phaeophyta ; seaweeds ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven sites in Bahía de los Angeles, northern Gulf of California, were sampled seasonally over a three-year period. Five species of brown algae previously not recorded from this bay were identified: Ralfsia pacifica, Sporochnus balleanus, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Colpomenia sinuosa and Padina mexicana. Of these, H. clathratus also provided a new record for the northern Gulf of California. One species previously recorded from the bay, Dictyopteris undulata, was not observed. On a seasonal basis, temperature and biodiversity showed an inverse relationship: highest species numbers occurred in spring, when temperatures were lowest, and lowest species numbers occurred in autumn when temperatures were highest. Most species of brown algae in Baífa de los Angeles are annuals.
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    Male and ephippial female Daphnia jollyi Petkovski,1973 discovered in Western Australia and the parthenogenetic female redescribed (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 331 (1996), S. 171-181 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Daphnia jollyi ; Australia ; Cladocera ; Anomopoda ; freshwater rock pools ; biogeography ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rediscovery of Daphnia jollyi Petkovski 1973 in Western Australia has allowed a more complete description of the female and has extended the known range of the species within Western Australia. One population had males and ephippial females, making possible the first description of the resting eggs, and male characteristics. The fringe of setae on the mid-region of the margin of the carapace in the female, thought to suggest a close relationship with Daphnia obtusa, is a primitive character shared with other genera in the Daphniidae, and which, therefore, does not provide sound information on relationships within the subgenus. Unique characteristics displayed in the ephippium (such as its sub-rectangular shape and the orientation of large egg chambers set at an angle to the dorsal margin of the carapace), and right angled margins of the fornices, that make it difficult to determine the precise affinities of D. jollyi within the subgenus Daphnia. This unique character set, and the species' relict distribution in a region of high and ancient endemicity, suggests D. jollyi may represent a separate and ancient lineage within the subgenus, presently found only in granite rock pools of slightly acid pH (6.0–6.5) in a restricted region of south-western Australia.
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    Reinstatement of the genus Paralona Sramek-Husek et al., 1962, and assessment of morphological variability in the Paralona pigra-group (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 333 (1996), S. 29-36 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Paralona pigra ; Chydorus ; Pleuroxus ; taxonomy ; distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied the morphology of some members of the ‘Chydorus’ piger-group, using populations from Karelia (Russia), France, Germany, the Azores, Magadan (East Siberia), Newfoundland (Canada), Venezuela, Zambia, and Bolivia, and move Chydorus piger Sars, 1861 to the genus Paralona Sramek-Husek et al., 1962, which we redefine using traditional characters (first antenna with subapical and apical esthetascs, second antenna with only six setae, ventral valve rim fully setulated with setae in marginal position except between anterior bend and well-developed anterior flange), as well as structural features of the trunk limbs, especially 1 and 2. Chydorus and Pleuroxus are the nearest relatives of Paralona. The genus presently contains only the species P. pigra (Sars, 1861). This, however, shows considerable morphological variation and might therefore be composed of several related taxa, in need of a closer definition.
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    Planktonic cyclopoid copepods from small ponds in Kyushu, Japan. I. Subfamily Eucyclopinae with descriptions of micro-characters on appendages (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 333 (1996), S. 45-56 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: cyclopoid copepod ; taxonomy ; cosmopolitan ; micro-characters ; freshwater ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four cyclopoid copepods of Eucyclopinae, Macrocyclops albidus, Eucyclops cf. serrulatus, E. cf. speratus and Tropocyclops prasinus, are described from small ponds in Kyushu. Special attention was paid to spinules on the appendages. Macrocyclops albidus and E. cf. serrulatus have some differences in those spinules from European forms described in previous studies. The Japanese E. serrulatus-speratus group probably consists of more than two species. Tropocyclops prasinus is identical to the description by Gurney (1933) in micro-characters but differs in setal lengths of the legs.
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    Phylogeny and taxonomy of rhizobia (1996)
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    Plant and soil 186 (1996), S. 45-52 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azorhizobium ; Bradyrhizobium ; Mesorhizobium ; phylogeny ; Rhizobium Sinorhizobium ; species ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobia are bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots, or occasionally the shoots, of legumes. There are currently more than a dozen validly named species, but the true number of species is probably orders of magnitude higher. The named species are listed and briefly discussed. Sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU or 16S rRNA) support the well-established subdivision of rhizobia into three genera: Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium. These all lie within the alpha subdivision of the Proteobacteria, but on quite distinct branches, each of which also includes many bacterial species that are not rhizobia. It has been clear for several years that Rhizobium, on this definition, is still too broad and is polyphyletic: there are many non-rhizobia within this radiation. Recently, therefore, it has been suggested that this genus should be split into four genera, namely Rhizobium (R. leguminosarum, R. tropici, R. etli), Sinorhizobium (S. fredii, S. meliloti, S. teranga, S. saheli), Mesorhizobium (M. loti, M. huakuii, M ciceri, M. tianshanense, M. mediterraneum), and a fourth, unnamed, genus for the current R. galegae. The evidence and pros and cons are reviewed.
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    Corresponding 16S rRNA gene segments in Rhizobiaceae and Aeromonas yield discordant phylogenies (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 186 (1996), S. 69-74 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; population genetics ; Rhizobium ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Previous evidence has indicated that the 16S rRNA genes in certain species of Aeromonas may have a history of lateral transfer and recombination. A comparative analysis of patterns of 16S nucleotide sequence polymorphism among species of Rhizobium and Agrobacterium was conducted to determine if there is similar evidence for chimeric 16S genes in members of the Rhizobiaceae. Results from phylogenetic analyses and comparison of patterns of nucleotide sequence polymorphism in portions of rhizobial 16S genes revealed the same type of segment-dependent polymorphic site partitioning that was previously reported for Aeromonas. These results support the hypothesis that certain 16S segments in rhizobia may have a history of lateral transfer and recombination.
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    The genus Malassezia with description of four new species (1996)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 69 (1996), S. 337-355 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Malassezia ; lipophilic yeasts ; taxonomy ; morphology ; physiology ; ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genus Malassezia has been revised using morphology, ultrastructure, physiology and molecular biology. As a result the genus has been enlarged to include seven species comprising the three former taxa M. furfur, M. pachydermatis and M. sympodialis, and four new taxa M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta and M. slooffiae. The descriptions of all the species include morphology of the colonies and of the cells, together with ultrastructural details. The physiological properties studied were the poesence of catalase, the tolerance of 37°C and the ability to utilize certain concentrations of Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 as a source of lipid in a simple medium. Information is given for each of the taxa on mole % GC and also the rRNA sequence from the comparison previously described for the genus.
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    Distinction of species in Aureobasidium and related genera by PCR-ribotyping (1996)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 69 (1996), S. 323-329 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; Dothideaceae ; Aureobasidium ; Kabatiella ; Hormonema ; Selenophoma ; dothiora ; Pringsheimia ; taxonomy ; PCR-ribotyping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Taxonomic markers for differentiation of the anamorph genera Aureobasidium, Hormonema and Kabatiella were developed using PCR-ribotyping with the primers 5.8S-R and LR7 for amplification and the restriction enzymes Alul, DdeI, Hhal, MspI and RsaI for digestion. Aureobasidium and Hormonema are optimally differentiated with MspI; DdeI is particularly useful to distinguish aureobasidium, Kabatiella and Selenophoma. Relationships of the anamorph genera Aureobasidium, Hormoneng and Kabatiella with the teleomorph genera Pringsheimia and Dothiora are discussed.
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    Stationary phase development of Trimmatostroma abietis (1996)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 69 (1996), S. 217-222 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Black yeasts ; conidiogenesis ; endoconidia ; meristematic development ; pleomorphism ; taxonomy ; ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Processes of anamorph cell replication in Trimmatostroma abietis are described. Growth and conidiation are delimited on the basis of morphological, ultrastructural and ecological criteria. Cellular expansion shifts from bidirectional intercalary in exponential phase cells to isodiametric in late stationary phase cells, in the latter case with endogenous asexual reproduction. Ultrastructural similarities to dothideaceous black yeasts are discussed.
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    Differentiation of species in the Bacillus brevis group and the Bacillus aneurinolyticus group based on the electrophoretic whole-cell protein pattern (1996)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 70 (1996), S. 31-39 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Bacillus aneurinolyticus ; Bacillus brevis ; electrophoretic whole-cell protein pattern ; identification ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ninety strains of eleven Bacillus species in the Bacillus brevis group and the Bacillus aneurinolyticus group were compared with the electrophoretic whole-cell protein pattern. The strains were separated into two clusters at the similarity of 55%. One cluster (cluster 1) was consisted of strains from the B. brevis group, and another cluster (cluster 2) was composed of strains from the B. aneurinolyticus group. The cluster 1 was separated into eight subclusters. Out of eight subclusters, seven subclusters contain strains from B. brevis, B. laterosporus, B. agri, B. reuszeri, B. choshinensis, B. formosus, and B. borstelensis. Another subcluster was further separated into two related clusters, which corresponded to B. centrosporus and B. parabrevis, and they were fused at the similarity of 76%. Cluster 2 was separated into two subclusters, which corresponded to B. aneurinolyticus and B. migulanus. The above eleven species showed characteristic patterns distinct from one another, and this correlated well with the published DNA relatedness data. The comparison of the electrophoretic whole-cell protein pattern proved to be useful for evaluation of taxonomic relationships among these taxa.
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    Lupinus anatolicus — a new lupin species of the old world (1996)
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    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 109-117 
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    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: lupins ; Lupinus anatolicus ; taxonomy ; chemotaxonomy ; Turkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary During a collecting mission in South-West Turkey some lupin plants differing from Lupinus pilosus Murr., L. micranthus Guss. and L. angustifolius L., wild-growing in this region were found. These plants markedly distinguished from a dwarf habit of L. micranthus and exuberant L. pilosus. As found later, these plants with regard to many traits differed still more from the remaining lupin species of the Old World. The collected seeds of these plants were multiplied at the Plant Breeding Station in Wiatrowo. They were characterized by a smooth seed coat and according to classification of Gladstones could be referred to a group of European lupin crops containing the primitive species L. micranthus. New accession was compared to L. micranthus and L. pilosus considering 20 morphological, some physiological features and chemotaxonomic analyses. New accession was also artificially crossed to L. micranthus and L. pilosus but hybrid seeds were not obtained. The most pronounced morphological differences were in the height and exuberance of plants, the size of inflorescences and flowers, the size and coloration of strongly pubescent, ripen pods but first of all, the size and shape of seeds and seed coat surface. Differences in the protein and fat content in seeds as well as those in quantitative and qualitative composition of alkaloids also appear to be significant. Marked differences occurred also in the electrophoretic phenotype of isozymes. They consisted not only in differences of electrophoretic mobility of bands, but also in different number of bands. The obtained results enabled us to give the population of these plants a separate species name — Lupinus anatolicus.
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    Toward a new concept of the evolution of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the Leguminosae (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 186 (1996), S. 151-159 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Caesalpinioideae ; nitrogenase activity ; nodulation ; root cortex ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract It is generally believed that only the nodulating species of the Leguminosae fix atmospheric nitrogen; however, anatomical, ecological and taxonomic considerations indicate that non-nodulating legume species may also fix nitrogen. To test whether nitrogen-fixing symbioses in the Leguminosae might extend to the non-nodulating species, a survey of the Leguminosae was conducted: living plants of non-nodulating species were assayed using acetylene reduction. Ethylene evolution, indicating apparent nitrogenase activity, was detected in non-nodulating species representing the major taxonomic groups of Caesalpinioideae as well as in non-nodulating species of the Papilionoideae and Mimosoideae. Non-nodules nitrogen fixation appears to have provided evolutionary precursors for the nodular symbiosis in the Leguminosae.
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