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  • kinetics  (70)
  • Springer  (70)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • 1995-1999  (70)
  • 1996  (70)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (70)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (26)
Years
  • 1995-1999  (70)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency response analysis of a closed diffusion cell with two resonators (1996)
    Springer
    Adsorption 2 (1996), S. 265-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: frequency response ; diffusion cell ; kinetics ; diffusion ; heat effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with frequency response (FR) analysis of a closed diffusion cell system with two resonators, that is both the LHS and RHS volumes are modulated. The analysis is made for a homogeneous particle described by a single effective diffusivity as well as a biporous pellet described by macropore and micropore diffusions. It is shown that if the perturbation of the volume of the reservoir #2 is lagged behind that of the reservoir #1 by 3π/2, the pressure response in reservoir #1 is significantly enhanced with larger amplitude as well as phase angle. When the perturbations of the two reservoirs are out of phase, the heat effect is reduced and can become insignificant when the two perturbations are completely out of phase (ψ = π). Under such a condition, the pressure difference between the two reservoirs could be doubled. In the case of biporous pellets, it is shown that the FR behaviours obtained for micropore diffusion control and macropore diffusion control are well distinguished. In the former case, the FR system reduces to a traditional batch adsorber one while in the latter case, the FR behaviour is the same as for a two resonator system with homogeneous particles. This difference can be used for the discrimination of micropore and macropore diffusion processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879541
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dissociation kinetics of H2S over an alumina supported Co-Mo sulphide catalyst (1996)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 37 (1996), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: dissociation ; kinetics ; Co-Mo sulphide ; H2S
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In this study, a high surface area 4Co∶6Mo∶100γ-Al2O3 sulphide prepared using precipitation from homogeneous solution (PFHS) has been used for the catalytic splitting of hydrogen sulphide into H2 and elemental sulphur. The activity of this new formulation was significantly better than previously reported recipes. Kinetic data collected over a wide range of H2S partial pressures between 883 and 983 K revealed that, although the decomposition followed a first-order law, a mechanism involving H2S adsorption on co-ordinative unsaturation sites of the Co-Mo sulphide catalyst gave a Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate expression that yielded satisfactory model parameters. In particular, the scission of the surface H-S bond appeared to be the rate determining step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807749
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of potassium on the high pressure kinetics of ammonia synthesis over fused iron catalyst (1996)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 37 (1996), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: ammonia synthesis ; iron catalysts ; potassium promotion ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Measurements were performed of reaction rate in the process of ammonia synthesis (T=370–470°C) on doubly promoted (DP) (Al2O3, CaO) and triply promoted (TP) (K2O, Al2O3, CaO) iron catalysts. The latter were obtained by impregnation of the reduced and subsequently passivated DP precursors with alcoholic solution of KOH. The studies were carried out under high total pressure (10 MPa) in a wide range of ammonia partial pressure in the gas phase: from 0.25 to about 7 bar. The results are shown to be authoritative for the so-called kinetic regime. The effect of the presence of K+ cations in the catalyst was the stronger, as the temperature of the reaction was the lower and, in particular, the ammonia pressure in the gas phase the higher. The obtained results are in good accordance with the results of Somorjai's studies on activity of iron single crystal surfaces both clean and covered with (K+O) adlayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807750
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of paper permanence by accelerated aging II. Comparison of the predictions with natural aging results (1996)
    Springer
    Cellulose 3 (1996), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: accelerated tests ; aging tests ; cellulose degradation ; durability ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Accelerated aging tests are credible and useful to predict paper permanence only if such tests can be shown to correlate with natural aging. In the first part of this study, a kinetic model was developed based on the accelerated aging results. In this report, we have shown that this kinetic model can indeed predict the natural aging results of lignin-free sheets with a statistical confidence. This is the first quantitative comparison of accelerated aging with natural aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02228806
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of paper permanence by accelerated aging I. Kinetic analysis of the aging process (1996)
    Springer
    Cellulose 3 (1996), S. 243-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: aging tests ; cellulose degradation ; durability ; kinetics ; paper properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The validity of accelerated aging tests to predict and rank papers on their permanence has been under question, preventing the development of performance-based standards for permanent paper. We conducted a general kinetic analysis to investigate the aging process of paper. A general kinetic model is proposed to describe the depolymerization of cellulose. Experimentally it was shown that in the case of aging, cellulose degradation follows classic first-order kinetics as a special case of our general kinetic model. The Arrhenius equation was critically re-examined for the case of a multiple reaction system. It was shown analytically that the Arrhenius equation is still applicable when certain conditions are met. This was convincingly supported by experimental results. We also analysed the dependence of the degradation rate on the moisture content and hydrogen ion concentration. By conducting systematic experiments on these two factors, a general and quantitative relationship was established to explain the contribution of each factor and their interactions. Finally, based on this kinetic analysis, the effects of storage conditions on the life expectancy of paper were estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02228805
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-uniform surface kinetics with two types of sites: the case of ethanol oxidation on molybdenum oxide (1996)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 39 (1996), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: non-uniform surface ; kinetics ; ethanol ; oxidation ; molybdenum oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Temkin's theory of rates of catalytic reactions on non-uniform surfaces is extended to the MoO3-catalyzed oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Two types of sites are assumed to be present, an oxygen atom site that can be modeled with uniform properties and a metal atom site characterized by non-uniform properties both for ethanol chemisorption to an ethoxide intermediate and the conversion of this intermediate to acetaldehyde. The rate-limiting step is the cleavage of a C-H bond in the absorbed ethoxide intermediate. Non-uniform surface kinetics leads to a kinetic rate expression of the form $$v = kP_{C_2 H_5 OH}^{1 - m} P_{O_2 }^{(1 - m)/4} P_{H_2 O}^{ - (1 - m)/2} $$ . Such a rate expression, withm=0.14, is shown to provide a good fit to kinetic data for the selective oxidation of ethanol on a silica supported molybdenum oxide catalyst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00813732
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platinum particle size effect on the oxidative dehydrogenation of aqueous ethanol (1996)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 36 (1996), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: ethanol ; kinetics ; oxidation ; oxydehydrogenation ; platinum ; structure sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the platinum particle size was investigated for the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of aqueous ethanol to ethanal at a temperature of 303 K, an ethanol concentration of 260 mol m−3, a partial oxygen pressure 60 kPa, a pH of 9, and an ethanal and ethanoate concentration of 20 mol m−3. A particle size effect on the turnover frequency was observed but only for particle sizes smaller than 2 nm. Hence, the reaction shows a limited structure sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving the performance of the two-rate parameter by use of the integrating ratemeter and temporal optimization (1996)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 124 (1996), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: kinetics ; rates ; integrating ratemeter ; optimization ; first-order
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The integrating ratemeter is used in concert with the two-rate parameter to form the integrating ratemeter two-rate parameter. Propagation of error theory is applied to the integrating ratemeter two-rate parameter to yield expressions for the precision of rates calculated from the integrating ratemeter two-rate parameter in terms of the precision of the rates measured with the integrating ratemeter. Simulations and experimental results show that in cases where the standard deviation of the rate is relatively constant, the optimum time to make a rate measurement using the integrating ratemeter is also the optimum time to measure either of the rates in the two-rate parameter. If either of the two rates comprising the two-rate parameter is measured at the optimum time, then the precision and accuracy of concentrations measured with this technique are optimized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244952
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of concentration and environmental form of tetradecenyl succinic acid on its mineralization in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 7 (1996), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: bioavailability ; builders ; detergents ; kinetics ; mineralization ; sewage sludge ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Tetradecenyl succinic acid (TSA) is the major component of a detergent builder (C12-C14 alkenyl succinic acid), which is inherently biodegradable. 14C-TSA was dosed as a component of sewage sludge into a soil with a history of sludge amendment at final added concentrations of 1.5 and 30 mg (kg soil)-1. In addition, it was dosed to the soil in an aqueous solution to a final added concentration of 30 mg (kg soil)-1. Dose and form were found to have a pronouced effect on the mineralization kinetics. When dosed in a realistic form and concentration (i.e. 1.5 mg (kg soil)-1 as a component of sludge), TSA was mineralized at its highest rate and to its greatest extent, and the mineralization half-life was 2.4 days. When dosed at 30 mg (kg soil)-1 as a component of sludge, mineralization began immediately, and the half-life was 23 days. In contrast, when dosed at this concentration in aqueous solution, the onset of mineralization was preceded by a 13 day lag period and the mineralization half-life was 69 days. Primary biodegradation and mineralization rates of TSA were very similar. Approximately, half the radioactivity was evolved as 14CO2, while the remaining radioactivity became non-extractable, having presumably been incorporated into biomass or natural soil organic matter (humics). This study demonstrated that TSA is effectively removed from sludge-amended soils as a result of biodegradation. Furthermore, it showed the effect that dose form and concentration have on the biodegradation kinetics and the importance of dosing a chemical not only at a relevant concentration but also in the environmental form in which it enters the soil environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056421
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradability of diesel oil (1996)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 7 (1996), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: diesel oil ; biodegradation ; CSTR ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In batch culture diesel oil was degraded rapidly, with a maximum growth rate (for a consortium of microorganisms) of 0.55 h-1. The corresponding yield Y SX was 0.1 Cmol/Cmol. In a continuous stirred tank reactor the maximum dilution rate was about 0.25 h-1, with a yield of 0.3 Cmol/Cmol. With a residence time of 1 day 82% of the influent oil was degraded. In the batch reactor, of the mixture of linear and branched alkanes the linear alkanes were degraded fastest and with the highest yield. Only after most of the linear alkanes had disappeared were the branched alkanes consumed. In a CSTR a large part of the branched alkanes was not degraded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056560
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