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  • growth  (64)
  • oxidation  (49)
  • Springer  (113)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1995-1999  (113)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1940-1944
  • 1996  (113)
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  • Springer  (113)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Institute of Physics
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (12)
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  • 1995-1999  (113)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1940-1944
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrates in the ocean and evidence for the location of hydrate formation (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: amorphous silica ; carbon dioxide ; clathrates ; growth ; hydrates ; hypothesis ; natural gas ; nucleation ; ocean ; sodium dodecyl sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract There is substantial evidence that the oceans of the world will pose the most important challenges in the area of hydrate formation. This work indicates three areas of concern for hydrate formation in the ocean: (1) deposits of natural gas in ocean hydrates, which will serve as an energy resource and environmental concern in the next tnillenium, (2) a recent proposal for the ocean storage of carbon dioxide in the form of hydrates, and (3) the prevention of hydrate formation in ocean pipelines. To address such applications, fundamental knowledge on the site of hydrate formation was determined. Results are presented for quiescent, high-pressure experiments done in a sapphire tube to determine the site of hydrate formation in deionized water and in mixtures with amorphous silica and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Visual (microscope aided) results are presented for formation with a typical gas mixture and with carbon dioxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448204
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mepiquat chloride (PIX)-induced changes in photosynthesis and growth of cotton (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 20 (1996), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: cotton ; growth ; mepiquat chloride ; photosynthesis ; PIX ; RuBP carboxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Mepiquat chloride (N, N-dimethylpiperidinium chloride), well known as PIX, is a potential systemic plant growth regulator. The effects of PIX on plant height, stem elongation, leaf area, net photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll content, sucrose and starch levels, and RuBP carboxylase activity in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. DES 119) plants were measured. PIX was sprayed (0, 7.65, 15.3, 30.6 or 61.2 g active ingredient ha−1) on the plants at first square (25 days after emergence) and measurements were made at frequent intervals. Plant height was clearly reduced by PIX. The total length of vegetative branches and fruiting branches was 40% and 50% less than the control. Total leaf area in PIX treated plants was 16% less than the control. Net photosynthetic rates were 25% less in PIX-treated leaves. PIX treated leaves had more chlorophyll content. The activity of RuBP carboxylase was decreased in PIX treated plants. Starch accumulation was noticed in PIX treated leaves while sucrose content was not changed. The data reported here suggest that reduced growth responses induced by PIX results in partial loss of photosynthetic capacity in cotton at least up to 20 days after application of the growth regulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043305
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paclobutrazol affects growth of almond fruits and germination of almond seeds (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 20 (1996), S. 267-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: almond ; fruit ; germination ; growth ; paclobutrazol ; seed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Paclobutrazol (PBZ) applied to almond fruits 25 days after full bloom delayed the growth of fruits and seeds. The period of the delay and the amount of retardation depended on the paclobutrazol concentration applied. Seeds from the treated fruits germinated well, except those treated twice with 4000 mg L−1 which showed only a low percentage of germination. Seeds treated just before sowing failed to germinate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043317
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in peroxidases in the suspension culture of Rubus fruticosus during growth (1996)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 46 (1996), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Cell suspension ; cell wall ; growth ; peroxidases ; Rubus fruticosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth parameters of a cell suspension culture of Rubus fruticosus L. were determined over a culture period including exponential growth, stationary phase and a glucose starvation period at the end of the normal culture cycle. Peroxidase activities were measured in the cytoplasm, in the cell wall, and in the culture medium by the guaiacol assay. There is a relationship between the activity found in the spent medium and the dry matter mass of the cells during the exponential growth. In the three compartments a bimodal repartition of peroxidase activities was observed, with the two peaks at day 4 and day 26, respectively. This suggests that the first peak corresponds to actively dividing cells whereas the second is associated with senescence, or stress due to starvation. Fractionation of the peroxidases from the culture mediuim revealed the presence of two sets of cationic isoenzymes, with minor amount of anionic peroxidases. Interestingly, the second peak of cationic enzymes which was of weak intensity at day 10 of the culture, becameprevalent at day 26. This indicates that not only the total amount of peroxidases varies as a function of culture time, but also that the nature of the peroxidases secreted into the medium changes during growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039693
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population responses to acute and chronic cadmium exposure in sexual and asexual estuarine gastropods (1996)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 5 (1996), S. 313-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: mudsnails ; population response ; cadmium toxicity ; LC50 ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The acute lethal and chronic sublethal responses of sexual (Hydrobia ventrosa) and asexual (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) gastropod populations to cadmium exposure were examined. Three questions were addressed: (i) are there differences in responses of sexual and asexual populations; (ii) are the response patterns similar in lethal and sublethal exposure conditions; and (iii) how does preexposure to cadmium influence these responses. No differences between the two species in mean acute tolerance (LC50) could be detected, but a significant difference was found between the slopes of the concentration-response curves. The steeper slope for P. antipodarum indicated a more uniform response for the asexual species than for H. ventrosa. In the sublethal experiment there was a significant difference in mean growth rate where, in general, P. antipodarum grew faster than H. ventrosa. P. antipodarum was more affected by cadmium at the low cadmium exposure, whereas growth rates were reduced equally for the two species at the high cadmium concentration. Pre-exposure to cadmium did not increase the tolerance to chronic exposure in either of the species, but P. antipodarum exhibited a tendency toward increased tolerance to acute cadmium stress after pre-exposure. The results show that there are differences between these closely related sexual and asexual species in response to cadmium, and that these differences are more pronounced under chronic sublethal exposure conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00119053
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of a molybdena-silica catalyst enhanced by water in formaldehyde oxidation (1996)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 58 (1996), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Formaldehyde ; oxidation ; molybdena ; methanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A molybdena-silica catalyst showed rapid deactivation in the oxidation of formaldehyde to carbon oxides. The deactivation was greatly retarded by adding water in the feed. Thus, water coproduced in the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde contributes to the relatively stable activity of the molybdena-silica catalyst in the partial oxidation reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02067040
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (1996)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 57 (1996), S. 3-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Dehydrogenation ; oxidation ; propane ; propylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract At temperatures near 650°C and residence times ofca. 3 s, the homogeneous oxidative dehydrogenation (OXD) of propane to propylene and ethylene approached oxygen limiting conditions, even when the reactor was filled with quartz chips. The addition of catalysts that are known to be effective in the OXD of ethane slightly increased the reaction rate, but the selectivities at a given conversion level were the same as those that were achieved in the homogeneous reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02076113
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental studies on the development of lignin-based adhesives, I. Catalytic demethylation of anisole with molecular oxygen (1996)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 58 (1996), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Iron porphyrin catalyst ; oxidation ; lignin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In the presence of a catalyst consisting of metal-porphyrin complex and a reductant, anisole was converted into phenol by molecular oxygen at room temperature with a total turnover of the catalyst of about 70 times in 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02067028
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reassessment of the roles of the peritrophic envelope and hydrolysis in protecting polyphagous grasshoppers from ingested hydrolyzable tannins (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 1901-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Orthoptera ; Acrididae ; grasshopper ; Melanoplus sanguinipes ; Phoetaliotes nebrascensis ; peritrophic envelope ; peritrophic membrane ; hydrolyzable tannin ; tannic acid ; oxidation ; hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We examined several of the mechanisms that have been reported to enable polyphagous grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to tolerate ingested hydrolyzable tannins: hydrolysis, adsorption on the peritrophic envelope, and peritrophic envelope impermeability. None of these mechanisms explain the tolerance ofMelanoplus sanguinipes to ingested tannic acid. In this species, tannin hydrolysis was 12–47% complete, adsorption accounted for less than 1% of the tannic acid contained in the midgut, and the peritrophic envelope was permeated by several gallotannins. The foregut is the main site for the chemical transformation of tannic acid in this species. InPhoetaliotes nebrascensis, hydrolysis was more extensive (82% complete), but the peritrophic envelope was readily permeated by two gallotannins. Oxidizing redox conditions were found in the guts of both species, and ingested tannins were oxidized inM. sanguinipes. We hypothesize that the tolerance of some polyphagous grasshoppers to ingested hydrolyzable tannins may be the consequence of their ability to tolerate the reactive oxygen species generated by polyphenol oxidation, whereas others may rely on rapid and extensive hydrolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028511
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid distribution in Escherichia coli urinary isolates with special reference to aerobactin and colicin production (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1996), S. 585-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Aerobactin ; colicin ; Escherichia coli ; growth ; plasmid profile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Plasmids were detected in 31 out of 35 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from unclassified cases of urinary tract infection at a median value of 1.88 plasmid bands per isolate. The isolates showed an association of aerobactin and colicin production with the distribution of plasmid bands having a median value of 2.33 and 1.72 (plasmid bands per isolate) in aerobactin-positive and aerobactin-negative strains respectively. For colicin producers, the median plasmid bands per isolate was 3.66 compared to 1.80 for colicin-negative strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327719
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organofluorine sulfur-containing compounds (1996)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 45 (1996), S. 153-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: polyfluorinated thiophenols ; difluorochloromethane ; reactions ; aryldifluoromethyl sulfides ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Polyfluorinated aryldifluoromethyl sulfides have been obtained by treatment of polyfluorinated 4-X-substituted thiophenols with chlorodifluoromethane in an alkaline medium. Reactions of difluoromethylpentafluorophenyl sulfide with H2O2, KMnO4, and HNO3, giving the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone, were studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01433751
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of cool-Dame phenomena during self-ignition of methane-oxygen mixtures (1996)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 45 (1996), S. 2316-2320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: methane ; oxidation ; cool names ; kinetic simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Experimental studies and kinetic simulation have shown that the formation of cool flames is as typical of oxidation of methane as of oxidation of its homologs. Phenomena peculiar to the cool-flame processes in closed systems are observed, namely, the region of a negative temperature coefficient of the reaction, single and double cool-flame flashes, two stage ignition, and light radiation in the range of luminescence of formaldehyde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01435374
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation by a “H2O2-vanadium complex-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid” reagent (1996)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 45 (1996), S. 2386-2388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: metal complex catalysis ; oxidation ; hydrogen peroxide ; vanadium complexes ; alkanes ; activation of the C-H bond
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Lower alkanes (ethane, propane,n-butane,n-pentane) are readily oxidized in acetonitrile solvent by H2O2 with vanadate anion — pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (PCA), as the catalyst at 75 °C and pressures of −3 atm to produce predominantly or exclusively ketones (aldehydes). Isobutane is transformed selectively intotert-butyl alcohol. The oxidation of cyclohexane at 26 °C in acetone or acetic acid is less efficient than in acetonitrile. The reaction does not occur intert-butyl alcohol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01435388
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