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  • Articles  (3)
  • conservation  (3)
  • Springer  (3)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1997  (3)
  • 1996
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inflated conservation load for European butterflies: increases in rarity and endemism accompany increases in species richness (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 1 (1997), S. 43-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; biogeography ; endemism ; conservation ; butterflies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The addition of species to the European butterfly list since 1983 has resulted in a number of highly significant changes. Most important are the increases in the number and proportion of endemics and of rare species, and a regional excess of species and endemics for southern Europe compared to northern Europe. There is also a surplus of Lycaenidae and Satyridae compared to other families, and an increase in species per genus associated with the reduction in genera. These additions raise two issues. First, the potential conservation load for European butterflies is inflated at species level. This is especially the case for southern Europe, which has disproportionate increases in rare and endemic species, more particularly if rarity and endemism are found to equate with threat of extinction. Second, the inflation in rarity and endemism suggests that there is a trend to promote ever more local populations (races, subspecies) to species. The taxonomic status of species being added to the list, a quarter of which are regarded as doubtful, is increasingly difficult to determine. Consequently, there is a danger that this may call into question the validity and objectivity of taxonomic practices, and of databases dependent on them, used by conservation. Revision of higher and lower butterfly taxa is urgently required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018474824448
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic population structure of the large blue butterfly Maculinea alcon in Denmark (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 1 (1997), S. 99-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Maculinea ; conservation ; genetic markers ; population structure.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the genetic population structure within and the genetic differentiation between local populations of the large blue butterfly Maculinea alcon throughout the Jutland peninsula. Samples were collected as eggs on foodplants (Gentiana pneumonanthe), and reared to 4th instar caterpillars in the laboratory. A significant excess of homozygotes was found for all the investigated allozyme loci in most of the populations. A North-South cline was observed for the allele frequencies at some of the loci and for several linkage groups. Because some of the allele frequency clines were parallel to clines in adult morphological variation, we interpret our results as evidence for the co-existence of at least two gene pools within the Danish Maculinea alcon populations. Multilocus electrophoretic data revealed highly positive but variable FST values, which under this scenario would reflect varying frequencies of the Maculinea gene pools across the local populations. The significantly positive FIS values indicate that these gene pools are at least partly reproductively isolated (Wahlund effect). The co-occurrence of several Maculinea alcon gene pools on many local sites in Jutland is of great importance for conservation of the fragmented Maculinea populations. Our results show that there is probably more Maculinea biodiversity to conserve than was previously thought, and suggests that extant populations are more fragmented and vulnerable than counts of flying adults or eggs on foodplants indicate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018439211244
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing the status of the marsh fritillary butterfly (Eurodryas aurinia): an example from Glamorgan, UK (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 1 (1997), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: butterfly ; Eurodryas aurinia ; conservation ; Wales ; metapopulation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract We surveyed populations of Eurodryas aurinia (a butterfly listed as ‘Threatened in Europe’) in Glamorgan (South Wales, UK). The survey may provide a model for similar work, which is urgently needed throughout the species' European range. For each colony, we established population size, vegetation types, and current management regimes. Populations were assessed using larval surveys, a method which has several advantages over conventional adult surveys. With approximately 35 local populations, Glamorgan is among the most important areas for E. aurinia in the UK, and is of importance in a European context. However, 15 local populations were under immediate threat from unfavourable management or industrial developments, and only seven populations were on Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Colonies showed a clustered pattern, and varied greatly in size: 50% supported 20 or fewer larval webs. Many of the small populations may be temporary offshoots of larger, more permanent populations nearby. The largest local populations occupied Molinia caerulea - Cirsium dissectum fen meadow habitats (National Vegetation Community M24), which were unmanaged, grazed by cattle, horses or ponies, or subject to periodic burning. Detailed local surveys such as this one, which assess the relative sizes of populations and the impact of current management practices, may be the best way to plan future conservation measures for E. aurinia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018403730808
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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