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  • Triticum aestivum
  • temperature
  • Springer  (70)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Public Library of Science
  • 1995-1999  (70)
  • 1995  (70)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (70)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Public Library of Science
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5)
Years
  • 1995-1999  (70)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life history ofAphis gossypii on cucumber: influence of temperature, host plant and parasitism (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 76 (1995), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphis gossypii ; life history ; cucumber ; temperature ; partial resistance ; biological control ; Aphidius colemani
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Life table data forAphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), an important pest in glasshouse cucumber crops, were studied at 20, 25 and 30°C on two cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L.) in controlled climate cabinets. The development time on the cucumber cv. ‘Sporu’ ranged from 4.8 days at 20°C to 3.2 days at 30°C. Immature mortality was approximately 20% and did not differ between temperatures. Most mortality occurred during the first instar. Reproduction periods did not differ among temperatures, but at 25 and 30°C more nymphs were produced (65.9 and 69.8 nymphs/♀, respectively) than at 20°C (59,9 nymphs/♀) because of a higher daily reproduction. Intrinsic rate of increase was greatest at 25°C (r m =0.556 day−1). At 20 and 30°C the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.426 and 0.510, respectively. On cv. ‘Aramon’, the development time ofA. gossypii was approximately 20% longer at all temperatures. Immature mortality did not differ between the two cultivars. The intrinsic rate of increase on cv. ‘Aramon’ was 15% smaller than on cv. ‘Sporu’. The use of cucumber cultivars partially resistant to aphids is discussed in relation to biological control of cotton aphid in glasshouses. Development time and immature mortality on leaves of the middle and upper leaf layer of glasshouse grown cucumber plants (cv. ‘Aramon’) were comparable to development in the controlled climate cabinets. On the lower leaves immature mortality was much higher (approximately 82%) than on leaves of the middle (24.0%) and upper leaf layer (24.5%). Reproduction was less on the lower leaf layer (45.9, 70.5 and 70.1 nymphs/♀ on leaves of the lower, middle and upper leaf layer, respectively). Aphids, successfully parasitized byAphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) only reproduced when they were parasitized after the third instar. Fecundity was 0.1 to 0.9 and 10.5 to 13.3 nymphs/♀ for aphids parasitized in the fourth instar or as adults, respectively. Reproduction of aphids that were stung but survived the attack was lower than for aphids not stung. Average longevity of these aphids was equal to the longevity of aphids not stung byA. colemani.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiodic induction of larval diapause and temperature-dependent termination in a wild multivoltine bruchid,Kytorhinus sharpianus (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 75 (1995), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: bruchid ; diapause ; photoperiod ; temperature ; multivoltinism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A wild bean weevil,Kytorhinus sharpianus Bridwell (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), has a multivoltine life cycle and enters a hibernal larval diapause at the fourth instar under a short daylength (Shimada & Ishihara, 1991). Here, we investigated their diapause incidence under different photoperiods at 24°C and 27°C. The critical photoperiods for diapause induction were 14.5 h at 24°C and 14 h at 27°C. The stages susceptible to diapause-inducing stimuli were estimated by transferring larvae of various instars from long days to short days and vice versa. Then we investigated the incidence of larval diapause. The sensitive stage was estimated to be from the third to early fourth instar. Though larval diapause, which was induced under a short daylength, was terminated only by increasing the daylength, the termination was more synchronized by an exposure to a low temperature followed by increasing temperature, irrespective of photoperiod.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382171
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excess volumes of binary mixtures of ethylbenzene with octanol, nonanol and dodecanol from 50 to 100°C and 0.1 to 7.5 MPa (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 153-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Densities ; excess volume ; pressure ; temperature ; ethylbenzene ; octanol ; nonanol ; dodecanol ; order creation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The excess volume V E of binary mixtures of octanol, nonanol and dodecanol in ethylbenzene have been calculated from the densities measured with a vibrating tube densimeter at temperatures from 50 to 100 °C and at pressures from 0.1 to 7.5 MPa. The values of V E are positive for all the three mixtures in the complete temperature, pressure and mole fraction ranges studied. The maxima in V E is observed at 0.4 mole fraction of alkanol. The results are discussed in terms of specific interactions present in the binary mixtures. The second order thermodynamic quantities (∂V E /∂T)p,(∂V E /∂P)T and (∂V E /∂P)T which have been derived from the effect of temperature and pressure on V E , indicate an overall net creation of order in the binary mixtures of ethylbenzene with higher homologues of alkanols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00972839
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical conductances of aqueous sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate from 0 to 450°C and pressures to 250 MPa (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 753-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Conductivity ; sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate ; ion association ; temperature ; pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrical conductances of dilute (0.001 to 0.1 mol-kg−1) aqueous sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaCF3SO3) solutions have been measured from 0 to 450°C and pressures to 250 MPa. The limiting molar conductance $$\Lambda _0 $$ increases with increasing temperature from 0 to 300°C and decreasing density from 0.8 to 0.3 g-cm−3. Above 300°C, $$\Lambda _0 $$ is nearly temperature independent, but increases linearly with decreasing density. The logarithm of the molal association constant of NaCF3SO3 calculated at temperatures from 372 to 450°C is represented as a function of temperature (Kelvin) and density of water (g-cm−3) by $$\log K_m = 0.888 - 330.4/T - (12.83 - 5349/T)\log \rho _w $$ The relative strengths of NaCF3SO3 and NaCl are similar within the accuracy of the current measurements over the limited range of temperature and pressure that could be investigated here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131043
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of 15N-labelled ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate with soil N during growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field conditions (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: 15N-labelled fertilizer ; Added N interaction Fertilizer N uptake ; Soil N uptake ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of 15N-labelled ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate on yield and uptake of labelled and unlabelled N by wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mexi-Pak-65) were studied in a field experiment. The dry matter and N yields were significantly increased with fertilizer N application compared to those from unfertilized soil. The wheat crop used 64.0–74.8%, 61.5–64.7% and 61.7–63.4% of the N from ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate, respectively. The fertilizer N uptake showed that ammonium nitrate was a more available source of N for wheat than urea and ammonium sulphate. The effective use of fertilizer N (ratio of fertilizer N in grain to fertilizer N in whole plant) was statistically similar for the three N fertilizers. The application of fertilizer N increased the uptake of unlabelled soil N by wheat, a result attributed to a positive added N interaction, which varied with the method of application of fertilizer N. Ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate gave 59.3%, 42.8% and 26.3% more added N interaction, respectively, when applied by the broadcast/worked-in method than with band placement. A highly significant correlation between soil N and grain yield, dry matter and added N interaction showed that soil N was more important than fertilizer N in wheat production. A values were not significantly correlated with added N interaction (r=0.719). The observed added N interaction may have been the result of pool substitution, whereby added labelled fertilizer N stood proxy for unlabelled soil N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336556
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of freshwater diatoms as quantitative indicators of past climatic change in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 13 (1995), S. 21-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: diatoms ; temperature ; climatic change ; paleoclimate proxies ; canonical correspondence analysis ; weighted-averaging ; Yukon ; Northwest Territories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We identified, enumerated, and interpreted the diatom assemblages preserved in the surface sediments of 59 lakes located between Whitehorse in the Yukon and Tuktoyaktuk in the Northwest Territories (Canada). The lakes are distributed along a latitudinal gradient that includes several ecoclimatic zones. It also spans large gradients in limnological variables. Thus, the study lakes are ideal for environmental calibration of modern diatom assemblages. Canonical correspondence analysis, with forward selection and Monte Carlo permutation tests, showed that maximum lake depth and summer surface-water temperature were the two environmental variables that accounted for most of the variance in the diatom data. The concentrations of sodium and calcium were also important explanatory variables. Using weighted-averaging regression and calibration techniques, we developed a predictive statistical model to infer lake surface-water temperature, and we evaluated the feasibility of using diatoms as paleoclimate proxies. This model may be used to derive paleotemperature inferences from fossil diatom assemblages at appropriate sites in the western Canadian Arctic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils in warm climates (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrous oxide ; tropical soils ; agriculture ; N availability ; temperature ; soil water content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract N2O emission rates seem to be higher from soils in warm climates than from soils in temperate climates. Warm and moist conditions promote microbial processes that generate N2O. Clearance of tropical forests enhances N2O formation, but emission measurements from other agricultural operations in the tropics are few. Limiting fertilizer application to recommended rates applied at appropriate times and avoiding fallow land wherever practical serves to limit N2O emissions. More specific advice for agriculture in warm climates requires further studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750510
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incubating superphosphate in ‘dry’soil can reduce its effectiveness (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 44 (1995), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Incubation of phosphorus in soil ; relative effectiveness ; superphosphate ; ×Triticosecale ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Single superphosphate was incubated for six months at 25°C in soil which had been subject to one of three moisture treatments. These were: dried in a glasshouse, dried at a constant temperature of 25°C, or moist soil. Phosphorus (P) effectiveness was then compared with effectiveness of P from freshly-applied superphosphate using yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and triticale (×Triticosecale) tops in pot experiments. Incubation in soil which had been dried at 25°C did not decrease the effectiveness of the P. Incubation in moist soil decreased it to about 20% of the effectiveness of freshly-applied P in one case and to about 50% in the other case. Incubation in soil which had been dried in a glasshouse also decreased its effectiveness. The decrease varied with conditions, but in two cases the P was 70% as effective as freshly-applied P, and in one case only 45% as effective. Presumably sufficient moisture was present in the soil dried in the glasshouse to enable water-soluble P present in the fertilizer to react with the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750927
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) myosatellite cells in culture at two different temperatures (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 260-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Salmon ; satellite cells ; cell culture ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Temperature is known to affect fish growth, and in Atlantic salmon there is an influence on muscle cellularity. Primary muscle cell culture makes it possible to investigate direct effects of temperature on myogenic cells. Salmon myosatellite cells were cultured for the first time in this study. The cells were cultured at either 5°C or 11°C. Increased temperature led to an increase in differentiation rate and especially hypertrophic growth (Q10=4.0). No nuclear proliferation was evident in the satellite cell population isolated at either temperature. This may be due to the presence of different subpopulations of myogenic cells at different developmental ages or the presence of indirect factors in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01931109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen patchiness in a lake (1995)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 57 (1995), S. 325-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Oxygen ; temperature ; patchiness ; microscale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The presence and extent of small scale vertical structure in dissolved oxygen were investigated in a tropical Australian lake. At a 9 m deep site an extremely high oxygen patch appeared near the bottom boundary. Light levels reaching the bottom boundary during the life of the patch exceeded 10 µEinst m−2 s−1. The patch remained for 1.5 h before gradually reaching ambient oxygen levels. The patch's disappearance coincided with decreasing light levels during the late afternoon. Differences in the extent of oxygen vertical patchiness between deep (16 m) and shallow (9 m) sites were also observed. At the deep site, the distribution of oxygen steps over the water column coincided largely with the distribution of temperature steps. This indicates the dominance of physical processes at that site. At the shallow site, marked vertical patchiness in oxygen was observed with no similar patchiness in temperature. This indicates the prevalence of biological and chemical processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878396
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