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  • Articles  (5,359)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2,633)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,476)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Emerald
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1995-1999  (5,359)
  • 1995  (5,359)
  • Biology  (5,252)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (107)
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  • Articles  (5,359)
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Years
  • 1995-1999  (5,359)
Year
  • 1
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    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 22-25 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Statistics show an increase in the number of family outbreaks offood poisoning. Contends that many handling techniques necessary toprevent outbreaks of food-borne disease are unknown, misunderstood andnot followed in the home. Some food preparation operations are morefrequently implicated in outbreaks of food poisoning than others. Arguesthat instead of promoting general compliance with the food hygieneprinciples of good catering practice, the food safety educator shouldfocus the attention of the consumer on those factors which are criticalto safety of the product. Suggests that essential safe food handlingtechniques could be incorporated into recipes in magazines and cookerybooks which are used by many consumers. Presents a systematic approachto analysing recipes for potential hazards, based on the HACCP system;illustrates the approach with a relevant example.
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  • 2
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 32-34 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the UK poultrymeat has 46 per cent volume share of the primarymeat market. In particular, chicken has seen dramatic growth over 40years with 525 million broilers being consumed in 1993. Examines theissues relating to poultrymeat in terms of market status and growth,nutrition, muscle fibre characteristics and quality issues such ascolour, texture, flavour and safety.
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  • 3
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 8-10 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Discusses the possibility of resolving the microbiological safetyissues in food manufacturing by use of advanced manufacturing systems.Predicts that by the year 2000, testing, quality control and productsafety will be addressed by use of automated production facilities.
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  • 4
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 3-7 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Explores key trends explaining consumer concerns and actions onanimal welfare. Concludes that concerns are not a fad, but deep-seatedand here to stay. UK livestock production, distribution and processingsystems and practices have evolved, will and should evolve to allow farmanimals "to enjoy a decent life" and to satisfy reasonableconsumer concerns on animal welfare matters. Presents the UK industrywith both threats and opportunities. Livestock products that are animalwelfare-friendly, produced with traditional/natural methods and carry"passports" offer important consumer benefits that canprovide a competitive edge. The farm sector needs to forge allianceswith organizations, such as the RSPCA, which are viewed as credible onwelfare matters by consumers. However, addressing consumer concernsabout animals, per se, will not reverse the declining domesticmarket for livestock products - this will require morecomprehensive, industry-wide efforts to deliver the full range ofbenefits to consumers that they demand from food products in thetwenty-first century.
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  • 5
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Consumption of ready-made meals and snacks has rapidly increased inrecent years. The increasing importance and value of time resourcesgenerates a greater demand for convenience in food. Discusses timebudgets and time famines, explanations for which are not self-evident.Convenience is multifaceted, socially located and related to experienceover time. Discusses whose time is being saved by convenience foods, andalso changes in the culture of food and eating. Concludes thatconvenience in modern food habits is a complex and controversial issue.Unless we take the complexity of (post) modern consumer cultureseriously, we shall continue to misunderstand, and misrepresent, thechanges which are actually under way.
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  • 6
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 17-23 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A series of studies, conducted over the period 1989 to 1993, basedon actual purchasing patterns, seeks to quantify the extent of purchaseof organic food and the consumer's commitment. The most commonlyexpressed motives for purchasing organic food have become considerationfor the environment and health reasons. Availability and price are thechief factors which inhibit the purchase of organic food. A profile ofactual purchasers of organic produce shows them to be female aged 30-45,with children and having a higher level of disposable income. Thisresearch has demonstrated that the primary factor in organic foodpurchase is the consumer's level of personal disposable income. Therewould appear to be a distinction between those who claim to beinterested in the environment and those who regularly buy organicproducts.
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  • 7
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 29-31 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reviews the public health significance of E. coli 0157infections and the related serious illnesses which may follow. Reviewsoutbreaks and detection in food sources. Discusses prospects for controland the need for more studies in this area, using more sensitive methodsof detection, with regard to intervention and future control.
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  • 8
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 24-28 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Examines the usefulness of socio-economic criteria for explainingfood consumption. Data from a sample of 102 households in the Newcastleupon Tyne area were collected by means of a food diary instrument.Considers 27 food groups. Demonstrates that few significant differencesin consumption exist for households with and without children. Fewerdifferences exist for households in different social classes, householdsof differing education levels and households in different age groups.
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  • 9
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 32-35 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Technical progress and its adoption are recognized as probably themost important source of improvement in the productivity andcompetitiveness of firms in any industry. While progress is an essentialprerequisite for the transfer of technology, focuses on the process oftransfer itself prompted by a lack of research in this area within theNorthern Ireland food-processing industry. The analysis investigatedinnovation and identified a diffusion pattern for the uptake ofinnovations. It also obtained a measure for the rate of technologytransfer and identified the principal factors influencing the process.The results indicated factors that could be used to accelerate thediffusion of new technologies as being the education levels of managers;R&D expenditure; and the profitability of the innovation. There wasalso a suggestion that the poultry and dairy sectors were moreprogressive than the others in their approach to business.
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  • 10
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 13-20 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Examines various problems concerning the practical implementationof the principle of free choice. These are exemplified in a specificeveryday context - the consumer's freedom to choose food and drinkproducts. Identifies a number of actual constraints on that freedombefore the main question is tackled: what further restrictions might beconsidered justifiable and desirable? Suggests three categories offactor which might justify such restrictions - psychologicalfactors associated with the maximizing of freedom of choice; safetyfactors concerned with the minimizing of risk; and ethical/socialfactors involving such issues as animal welfare and socio-economicneeds. Concludes that certain restrictions on the consumer's freedom ofchoice may at times be justified by an appeal to other principles andconsiderations.
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  • 11
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reports new research into stability and change in contemporaryfoodways. Uses survey and in-depth interviews to uncover familiarfeatures which could be described as traditional, as well as more novelpatterns. Highlights the ways in which the two are interwoven. Thepicture is characterized by a number of serious nutritional concerns,including health, weight control, food safety and food ethics. There isalso familiarity with official nutritional guidelines, despite awidespread perception of contradictory and confusing nutritionalmessages. Finds mistrust of farmers, food companies and the governmentas far as the provision of safe food for the public is concerned. Suchnegative findings by no means represent the whole picture, however.Shows that, in the midst of such perceived contradiction and mistrust ofexternal agencies, there is a personal confidence in dietary decisionmaking and pleasure in food and eating.
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  • 12
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 21-25 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reviews the highly fragmented UK catering market and its responseto the requirements of fish consumers. Investigates the contemporarytrends within the catering sector's leading players. Finds that thepublic is becoming increasingly sophisticated in its choice of foods andis spending more when eating away from home. Argues that, despite someexceptions, many outlets, especially among hotels and restaurants, leavemuch to be desired. Suggests that too frequently fish is being served tosections of the catering public without any real attempt to match theoffering to consumers' wants. Indicates that alternative cuisines aregrowing in popularity and pose a significant threat to fish catererswho, if they do not improve their product offerings, may sink ratherthan swim.
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  • 13
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 3-10 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Examines the likely effect of the changes in GATT on the Britishbeef industry and the implications of these changes for the marketingstrategies of British beef producers. The result of GATT changes is thatthere is unlikely to be any incentive for producers to increaseproduction. Instead, marketing strategies will have to centre onincreasing profitability by increasing quality and quality awarenesswith the objective of increasing margins. Examines the production andmarketing of quality beef in the UK and proposes a number of strategiesfor the future.
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  • 14
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    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 26-33 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: There has been an increase in the consumption of pork in recentyears. Reports on a survey of the attitudes of Dublin consumers to pork.Identifies the quality factors which consumers consider when purchasingand eating pork, in particular pork chops. Determines the relativeimportance of these factors and ascertains consumer attitudes to thequality of pork available. Examines the responses of different marketsegments. Finds that most consumers are happy with the quality ofavailable pork, and leanness is by far the most important quality factorfor consumers when buying pork chops. Marbling should not be visible.Identifies tenderness and flavour as the most important attributes ofthe eating quality of pork chops. Juiciness was the third most importanteating quality factor and many consumers perceived pork to be dry.Suggests that the production of leaner meat must observe any effectsthat proposed changes in procedure may have on these eating qualityattributes. Concludes that payment systems should reflect the consumerdemand for leanness, and ways of payment that reflect consumer needs intenderness and flavour also need to be developed. Finds that, inrelation to market segments, males and the ABC1 socio-economic groupwere more likely to be satisfied with the tenderness of pork chops thanfemales or consumers from other socio-economic groups.
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  • 15
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 4-11 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Irradiating food can reduce the incidence of food borne diseasesand extend its shelf life. Provides a summary of the different methodsof irradiating food and their effects.
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  • 16
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 28-30 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Provides an overview of the analytical methods used to quantifymicronutrients (metals, non-metals and vitamins) present in food.Considers the principles of the methods of analysis employed.
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  • 17
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An understanding of muscle structure and the physiology of postmortem change occurring in meat are fundamental to the understandingof meat quality. This first article in a series of four examines thestructure of muscle, including the differing types of muscle fibres andthe general microstructure. Discusses the organization of muscle fibresin a muscle system along with the metabolites available to the musclefibre. Gives details relating to how the muscle fibres maintainhomeostasis by utilizing these metabolites after humane slaughter. Inaddition, covers factors influencing the rate of rigor mortis.
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  • 18
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 11-15 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The government has recently published a National Food Guide poster,The Balance of Good Health and a published programme TheHealth of the Nation. These have aroused controversy, mainly becauseof the way in which they were published and the detail given. Britishnewspaper reports were hostile and the public displayed scepticism. Thepublic would welcome advice on eating habits but are against coercionwhich restricts freedom of choice. Advice needs to be given on how toeat well and in a healthy manner by enjoying food, not by prescription.
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  • 19
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 20-23 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In recent years the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF) hasundertaken various schools education initiatives including the BNF/MAFFfood and nutrition school programme entitled "Food - a factof life". Reviews the development of this programme and provides adetailed account of the latest unit of resources for pupils 11-16 years.The unit, "Energy and Nutrients", has been devised tointegrate with curriculum requirements throughout the UK and is based onten topics: energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals,digestion, nutritional needs, alcohol and food composition. The unitcomprises a range of pupils' resources and an optional software program.It was evaluated in over 100 schools from 60 LEAs prior to beinglaunched by the Food Minister on 27 April 1995. Includes a brief reviewof the BNF Food Technology Training Courses for teachers which are beingpart funded by the Department for Education.
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  • 20
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 29-31 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is estimated that by the turn of the millennium the world humanpopulation could exceed ten billion. Scientists inevitably are searchingfor effective alternative methods of food preservation. Accordingly,ionization radiation, discovered nearly a hundred years ago when it wasfirst shown to kill micro-organisms in foods, is being increasinglyencouraged as an alternative method of food preservation. The WorldHealth Organization (WHO) has declared irradiation to be "apowerful tool against preventable food losses and food borneillnesses". Low dose irradiation, up to 10KGy dose, has been shownto delay ripening, enhance shelf-life, kill bacteria such as salmonella,listeria, etc., destroy insect infestation, eliminate unwantedsprouting, and in many cases improve flavour and texture of foods. Theconsumer may not be aware, but a staggering tonnage of food is alreadybeing irradiated around the world. Irradiation does not impart anyradioactivity to the food and the irradiated food has been shown to besafe for human consumption. The technique offers yet another possibilityof extending choice in new exotics for the consumer.
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  • 21
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 8-10 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Several studies have shown that microwave cooking, if properlyused, does not change the nutrient content of foods to a larger extentthan conventional heating. In fact, suggests that there is a tendencytowards greater retention of many micronutrients with microwaving,probably due to the shorter preparation time. Does not describenon-thermal effects. The main problem with microwaving is the unevenheating of the food, which has raised concern regarding microbiologicalsafety. Microwaving infant formula and breast milk has becomeincreasingly popular. The content of nutrients and antibacterial factorsin milk are maintained unchanged provided the final temperature does notexceed 60°C.
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  • 22
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 16-18 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fermented dairy products are increasing in consumer acceptance;discusses two such examples - yogurt and fromage frais - indetail. Also refers to the creative side to product development and howfermented products in general have been managed creatively. Alsomentions the different starter cultures used in yogurt fermentations andthe potential health benefits, if any. Uses cone penetrometry to assessthe different textural properties of fermented dairy products such asyogurt and fromage frais.
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  • 23
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 34-36 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The question is: should women be encouraged to reduce dietary fats– especially saturated fats - as a measure to preventcardiovascular disease (i.e. heart disease plus stroke)? Presentsevidence to support the conclusion that enhanced levels of bloodcholesterol do not indicate enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease inwomen. Similar evidence supports the conclusion that enhanced bloodcholesterol levels do not indicate enhanced risk of all-cause death,i.e. they do not indicate reduced life expectancy. Hence there is norational basis for adopting a diet designed to reduce cholesterol, e.g.one based on reduced consumption of saturated fat. These conclusionsillustrate the undesirability of pursuing measures to reduce a singledisease - in this case coronary heart disease - in isolationfrom consideration of risk relations for other ailments and for overallhealth.
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  • 24
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 17-23 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Describes the importance of selenium (Se) for human health.Outlines the sources of Se in the environment and food. Gives UKrecommended intakes. Calls for further research into the nutritionalsignificance of Se.
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  • 25
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 35-41 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A survey of a small sample of children in a state comprehensiveschool indicates that most children have an inadequate breakfast beforestarting school. However, most children consume breakfast cereals atsome time of the day. Concludes that the fortified cereals play animportant role in the diet of many children, and at the same timehighlights the high sugar and sodium content of many. Alerts theconsumer to the fact that even those cereals promoted at those who wishto lose weight are higher in energy value weight for weight than othercereals aimed at the athletic.
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  • 26
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 24-28 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Describes how 48 subjects participated in experiments toinvestigate the effect of visual cues in identifying odours. Thesubjects were first instructed to describe the odour of six fruitsolutions, four of which were inappropriately coloured. Second, theywere presented with a series of fruit solutions which varied in odourand colour intensity and were asked to rank them in order of odourstrength. For the control sets, the odour and colour strengths werecompatible; in the experimental sets the odour strength and colourintensity were conflicting. The results of the first experiment indicatethat the identification of fruit odours proves significantly moredifficult when the colour of the solution is inappropriate (p〈 0.05) and in the second experiment more subjects rank the solutionsin the correct order when the colour intensity and odour strengths arecompatible than when they are conflicting. Visual cues are found toinfluence odour judgements significantly and, when presented withconflicting stimuli, the visual cues appear to override the olfactorysense and distract the subjects from making the correct assessment.
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  • 27
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 5-10 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Considers the social, cultural and nutritional aspects of foodconsumption among low income families. For over a hundred years concernhas been expressed about the diet of poor families. Qualitative researchwith 48 low income families is reported which investigated their foodpurchasing and consumption behaviour in order to understand theirmanaging and coping strategies better. Rather than radically alter theirdiets, families adopt a cheaper imitation of conventional eatingpatterns. To do otherwise would entail an unacceptable risk of wastethat could not be afforded. Further research is reported which indicatesthat families on income support cannot afford to purchase a healthy andsocially acceptable diet.
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  • 28
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 24-28 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The British livestock industry is the subject of a number ofcontroversial issues. These include matters of public concern such asanimal welfare, growth promoters, biotechnological procedures, thenutritional value of meat and BSE. There are many misconceptions onthese matters and concerns are often needless. Legislation, unknown tomany consumers, is in place on these matters and has been adhered to inthe UK and other EU members states for many years. The divide betweenthe urban dweller and agriculture is widening. There is therefore a needfor closer communication between interested parties.
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  • 29
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 32-34 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A New Centre for Food Research was created in September 1993 atQueen Margaret College, Edinburgh. Its main purpose is to promoteresearch into food choice, particularly factors influencing choice suchas sensory, socio-cultural and nutritional aspects. Research undertakeninvolves a multi-disciplinary approach by bringing together expertisefrom various disciplines including consumer sciences, dietetics andnutrition, food science, social sciences and hospitality studies. Aone-day symposium "Food research in Europe" was held in 1994to mark the Centre's official launch. The symposium was well attended,with delegates representing a wide range of organizations in the UK andother EU countries. Presentations were given by eminent speakers andresearchers - Dr David Lindsay, MAFF; Dr Ronan Gormley, TheNational Food Centre in Dublin; Dr David Kilcast, Leatherhead FoodResearch Association; Dr Wendy Brown and Dr Richard Shepherd, both fromthe Institute of Food Research, Reading. The centre's major researchinterests and activities are related to fruit and vegetable consumption(sensory qualities of apples; barriers to consumption); the relationshipbetween snacking, body weight and physical activity; healthy eatingaward schemes in the UK.
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  • 30
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 11-15 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adulteration of food has progressed from being a simple meansof fraud to a highly sophisticated and lucrative business. The problemis further compounded by the lack of clear international definitions forenforcement purposes. Reviews some examples of food adulteration andmethods of analysis used to determine authenticity. Adulteration of foodhas ramifications within society and cannot be ignored sinceinterference with foodstuffs may potentially lead to the production offood which is harmful to health.
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  • 31
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 28-33 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When self selecting meat, consumers rank the colour of fresh meatas being the most important criterion in their purchase decision becauseit indicates freshness, while the most desirable eating quality of meat,after texture, is the cooked flavour. Details the well-understoodchemistry in relation to meat colour and reviews the lesswell-understood chemistry of cooked meat flavour.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 12-17 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enteritis caused by members of the genus Campy-lobacterisnow the most common cause of bacterial food poisoning incidents in theUK. Although isolates are reported to the Communicable DiseaseSurveillance Centre (CDSC), because reporting is voluntary and thesymptoms are generally relatively mild, there is difficulty in assessingthe true incidence of campylobacteriosis because of under-reporting.Analyses some possible reasons for the trend in incidents of foodpoisoning due to Campy-lobacter spp., and investigates the twomost common modes of infection.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 23-27 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: People are exposed to different sociocultural changes in the modernworld. The Chinese, especially the young generation, always puzzletowards the adoption between the traditional Chinese yinyang theory andthe western nutritional concept. Attempts to examine the value ofpersistence of the two theories in Chinese society. Reviews andinvestigates the general framework and the content of the two theorieswith food samples. Draws conclusions that the fundamental principles ofboth theories are similar: to give advice to people in order to adjusttheir diet for healthy bodies. They have different categorizations andeach theory has its own characteristics. It is unnecessary to search fora true theory between the two but it is better to accept their existenceand adopt an appropriate one in suitable circumstances.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 36-37 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sets out some of the more recent developments in computer hardwareand software which are likely to be of benefit to those working in thefood industry. Describes changes likely in the future which will makecomputers more user-friendly.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 12-16 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fish oil contains uniquely high amounts of n-3 (or omega-3)polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). N-3 PUFA-rich diets are associatedwith suppression of the immune system, and populations which have highdietary intakes of fish, such as Greenland Eskimos, have a low incidenceof inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. These observations have led toa growing interest in the potential use of n-3 PUFAs as anutritionally-based approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders. Although fish oils may notbe as effective as either steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatorymedications, they may prove useful in reducing the dosage (andassociated side-effects) of these medications required to bring aboutclinical benefit. A greater understanding of the mechanisms by whichfish oil affects immune function should aid in improving its efficacy inthe treatment of over-reactive immune disorders.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 31-33 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fats and oils contain triglycerides that are esters formed betweenthe alcohol glycerol and fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids containcarbon-carbon double bonds. For such a double bond, cisand trans-isomers are possible. The overwhelming majority of unsaturatedfatty acids from plant oils are cis. In margarine manufacture,double bonds are hydrogenated so as to increase the melting points ofthe oil. A consequence of this is that a proportion of the double bondsremaining becomes trans. The proportion of trans-fattyacids in some margarines is around 20 per cent. Argues that theimplications of this for human health are worrying. Trans-fattyacids have been implicated as the possible cause of a number of healthproblems. Recent research has identified that this isomer is the causeof an increased level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 21-26 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The meat quality attribute of texture is ranked as the mostimportant by consumers. Details the mechanism of the major causes ofmeat toughness. Examines pre-slaughter, post-slaughter and processingfactors that influence the texture of meat.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 34-35 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Software selection features various computer software packageswhich are of interest to those working in the areas of food sciences andnutrition. Discusses two nutrition education packages - FoodFeedback, which is produced by the National Dairy Council and isprimarily aimed at health professionals, and the Uncle Ben's Nutri-Test,available from Master Foods, which markets the Uncle Ben's range ofproducts. Discusses the potential uses of the packages and theirsuitability for different groups of users.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 42-44 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summarizes some of the topics addressed at the National DairyCouncil conference "Nutrition and the Growing Cycle".Describes the recommendations of the DoH report Weaning and theWeaning Diet; the importance of breast-feeding; and the UK BabyFriendly Initiative.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 16-19 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trans fatty acids arise as a result of hydrogenation processes inmargarine manufacture, and in nature in the rumen of ruminant animals.Concern that high intake of trans fatty acids may increase the risk ofcoronary heart disease has been strengthened by recent studies. Further,there is evidence that trans fatty acids may adversely affect foetal andneonatal growth and development. Therefore, a reduced intake of transfatty acids seems prudent. Certain foods, particularly stick margarines,shortenings and hydrogenated frying fats, contain large amounts of transfatty acids, and are the main reason for the rather high intake of transfatty acids in the USA and northern European countries, includingDenmark. Therefore, the National Food Agency is presently working on alegal provision to reduce the level of trans fatty acids in theseproducts.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 35-38 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mallorca, one of the islands in the Balearics, Spain, has undergonea revitalization in the last few years with a programme to update itstourist facilities. One result has been a determined revival oftraditional customs and food. This has provided visitors with a widerchoice of food as well as encouraging more restaurants to serveMallorcan dishes. Many of these are suitable for vegetarians or arebeing adapted to vegetarian taste. Describes and comments on thesedishes and notes the influence of earlier cultures, in particular thatof the Moors, on them. The result is that discerning visitors can eat afar more nutritional diet than they expected.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 5-7 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Over a two-year period, 259 children, aged 8-11 years, completed afour-day weighed intake study. Heights and weights were also measuredfor each child and for an additional 154 children. Overall, the childrenhad intakes of energy, total carbohydrate, fibre and iron below thoserecommended by the Department of Health, but sugar intakes wereexcessive. Intakes of other nutrients were generally adequate butchildren from poorer areas had significantly lower intakes of energy andmost nutrients, including calcium, than did their peers. It was theprovision of less food at home, rather than at school, which caused thedifferences in their diet. They were also significantly shorter andlighter than their peers. These anthropometric and dietary differenceswere larger than expected and persisted over time in a sample of"follow-up" children. Suggests that the reintroduction ofschool milk, at least for poorer children, could be recommended onnutritional grounds.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 19-23 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Begins an introduction to statistics for the food scientist. Aimedat the non-mathematician, discusses the application of the statisticalapproach and introduces statistical measures for data presentation andsummary.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 24-27 
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    Notes: Examines the results of a new government survey into the eatinghabits of pre-school children (1 ½-4 ½ years).Discusses the effects on children's health by examination of bloodsamples and dental examinations. Concludes with statistics on dentaldecay due to intake of certain foods.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 5-9 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Eating habits are changing, and snacking or "grazing"is on the increase, especially among children. Most of the convenient,pre-packaged snack foods such as fizzy drinks, chocolate, crisps andbiscuits are high in fat, sugar, salt and calories. This hasimplications for health. For this reason the Southern Health and SocialServices Board (SHSSB), Northern Ireland, together with the SouthernEducation and Library Board (SELB), Northern Ireland, decided to set upa scheme to reward schools which had a healthy break-time policy.Outlines an award scheme called Boost Better Breaks. All nursery,primary and post-primary schools in the SHSSB were encouraged toparticipate. One of the criteria for qualification was "If anyfood is permitted at break-time only fruit and/or milk can betaken". Nursery schools were also allowed to have healthy snacks.Finds that, of schools in the SHSSB, 9 per cent (27) received the awardon its pilot run, and because of its success the award scheme has nowbeen extended to playgroups and special schools.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 10-12 
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    Notes: Introduces gas chromatography (GC) a key analytical technique inthe food industry. It enables complex organic substances to be separatedand identified quickly and cheaply. Substances to be analysed by GC mustbe volatile, i.e. readily pass into the gas phase. The substance to beanalysed is vaporized and moved through a long column by an inertcarrier gas. The column is filled with a packing material covered withan involatile liquid. The molecules of each substance in a mixture willbecome distributed between the gas and the liquid. The more volatile asubstance the longer it will be moving with the carrier gas, and thequicker it will emerge from the column. Some substances must beextracted from the food analysis by GC, e.g. fatty acids fromtriglycerides. Others, such as alcohols, can be injected directly intothe column.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 13-16 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With one-third of food now consumed outside the home, it isimportant for caterers to adapt their techniques in order to accommodatedietary advice on fat reduction. Considers how best to modify kitchenpractice, and assesses the outcomes in terms of sensory and nutritionalevaluation. It appears that dietary guidance is most effective whenconveyed in terms of foodstuffs rather than nutrients.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 29-34 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Introduces some simple statistics employed in analysing chemicalanalysis data. Describes measures of precision and accuracy and how theuse of confidence intervals and repeatability can guide validation ofdata.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 5-10 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Surveys trends in the supply and consumption of fruit in the UK,covering: the varied range of fruits available and benefits to healthassociated with them; improved transportation and storage capabilities;contributions by health promoters and retail marketers to increasepublic awareness of the benefits to health of greater consumption offruit. Against this background, considers the findings of a recentnational survey that, for one week surveyed, 21 per cent of the UKhouseholds involved purchased no fruit at all. Discusses some of thequality-related issues of fruit growth, importation, storage andtransportation, including the use of agrochemicals, irradiationprocesses and the genetic engineering of produce. Gives unreservedsupport to the efforts of various agencies to promote the benefits tohealth of increased consumption of fruit (and vegetables).
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 15-18 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Considers whether hypnotherapy offers a motivating supplement tomainstream dietary management, given that insufficient perseveranceundermines the response of many obese patients to conventional dieting.Investigates hypnotherapy as a supplement to conventional diet therapyin eight obese patients recruited from a general practice. Afterinstituting dietary weight reduction, hypnotherapy (post-hypnoticsuggestion, ego-enhancing instructions and mental imagery) was carriedout on a two-to-three weekly basis for up to 20 sessions. All patientsexperienced significant weight loss, but follow-up two years laterindicated partial relapse in most patients. Concludes that, whilecombined dietetic and hypnotherapy management are of short-term value,this may only be sustainable by a strategy of long-term maintenance.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 30-31 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Software selection features a nutrition education package aimed atschoolchildren at Key Stage 2 or lower ability pupils. The software ismost likely to be of interest to schoolteachers and is designed to beused on any Acorn using RISC OS 3.1 or later.
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 11-14 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Examines marketing orientation in the organic produce sector.Presents results of a consumer survey which indicate that consumers areconfused about the meaning of the term "organic" and thatthe current mechanisms for labelling organic produce are ineffective.Proposes that producers of organic foods should consider consumerresearch and strategic marketing planning as mechanisms for sustaining amarket which has greater potential than is currently realized. Contendsthat for this endeavour to be successful, senior management figures inthe industry must take the lead and initiate this proposed change instrategy.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Describes a healthy eating campaign for schoolchildren, designedand implemented by a member of the food industry, and evaluated by anacademic department. Promotes the importance of starch and discouragesthe intake of fat. Indicates that satisfactory results were obtained onboth counts and that the children's nutrition knowledge increasedsharply. Also shows the experiment to have justified the collaborationbetween the food industry and independent dietitians.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 17-20 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A dynamic process of structural change is currently under way inthe global wine industry. Historically, the wine industry has beendominated by the traditional wine-producing countries of Europe.However, forces of change in the commercial environment have encouragedan influx of wines from countries such as California, Chile, Australiaand New Zealand, to name but a few. As the portfolio of wines on themarket continues to expand, the challenge for survival of both new andtraditional wine-producing countries is intensified. This study of theNorthern Ireland wine market is based on the results of a questionnairewhich was distributed through off-licences in Northern Ireland. Twohundred and ten questionnaires were distributed with a response rate of57 per cent. Key findings included: country of origin is the mostimportant factor when customers are selecting wine; word of mouthrecommendation is most likely to influence the type of wine chosen; mostof those surveyed usually spend between £3.50 and £4.49 on abottle of wine; French wines are popular with those surveyed butLiebfraumilch is the favourite wine.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 3-9 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The food and drink manufacturing industry is one of the leadingsectors with considerable expertise in food and nutrition. In order tohelp the Government achieve the targets set by the Health of theNation White Paper, it is committed to making significantcontributions through product developments and the provision ofinformation. It is essential, however, that nutrition policy and dietaryadvice are based on sound science and that consumers are educated tomake informed choices.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 27-35 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Considers the incidence of average cost pricing in the compoundfeed industry in the context of strategic and marketing aspects offirms' behaviour. The empirical analysis uses a cross-sectioneconometric model derived from the Koutsoyiannis model of average costpricing and incorporating assumptions about cost and price adjustment.The model is estimated using primary data on prices and costs for asample of firms in the North of England for main categories of compoundfeed products. The results indicate support for the hypothesis inassociation with these adjustment factors which accommodate both costand strategic influences within product segments of the market.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 21-26 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Examines the development of Poland's fruit industry up to 1990,followed by the situation since that year, in which legislative reformswere introduced, mainly to break up state monopolies and to privatizestate assets. Analyses the Polish fruit industry in the light of theresultant shift from a sellers' to a buyers' market, discussing the grower, wholesaling, processing and exporting sectors, andfinally the role of marketing in exporting. Conducts a SWOT analysis ofthe industry, as a result of which makes recommendations for: increasinggrowers' influence on exports; introducing a new wholesale marketing system; improving processing equipment; rationalizingexportprocedures to the advantage of domestic competition. Seesthe current transport and communication set-ups as significant problems.Concludes that, although the temptation is to follow the capitalistroute and opt for the smaller enterprise as an exporting unit, the oldCommunist-style large state enterprise is still the ideal vehicle forselling fruit of Poland's calibre abroad.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 10-17 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summarizes the recent changes that have taken place in both theindividual intense and bulk sweeteners markets and considers theirlikely influence on the pattern of intake observed in the 1987/88 diaryrecord surveys carried out by MAFF. The intense sweetener marketcontinues to develop steadily, largely driven by the diet, low-calorieand reduced calorie soft drinks market. The bulk sweeteners market hasnot been subject to the same rapid development experienced for intensesweeteners, but the signs are there that the market for this class ofsweetener is starting to develop and a variety of new applications arebeginning to emerge. Provides a brief overview for each of the currentlyapproved individual intense and bulk sweeteners and describes theircontribution to the UK sweeteners market. Discusses the implications ofthe EC Sweeteners Directive, which has recently been adopted by memberstates and will be implemented in the UK within the next year or so, inrelation to acceptable levels of sweetener intake.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 18-20 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Examines the evaluation of individuals' diets in the light of theirspecific requirements, emphasizing that a clear understanding of thetechniques available is crucial, with special consideration being shownfor age, health, motivation, funding, personnel available and certainethical aspects as factors in selecting a sample group. Discusses diethistory, the practice of 24-hour recall, diaries for food intake bothweighed and estimated, and the use of food frequency questionnaires.Also potential sources of error, especially regarding the analysis ofrelevant data.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 34-38 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Conducts a small-scale consumer survey in Bulgaria and the CzechRepublic. Examines consumer preferences with respect to product anddistribution characteristics of food. Finds product characteristics tobe more important than service characteristics. Furthermore, customershave a strong preference for imported foods, but exaggerate the marketshare, and are mainly impressed by the presentation and packagingsuperiority.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 21-33 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reports the findings of a study conducted to explain the recentpoor performances of the Australian food-processing industry, byhistorically analysing the structural determinants and intensity ofcompetition that prevailed in the early 1980s. Covers the period 1979 to1985 in depth using a research design that incorporates information fromboth published sources and empirical interviews of senior marketingexecutives. Using the Porter framework, an accepted approach to thestructural analysis of industries, demonstrates that the food industrywas one of the most competitive industries in the world in the early1980s. Attempts to analyse the resultant implications of suchcompetitive pressures on industry performance in the 1990s.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 3-8 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The English apple industry still faces serious difficulties despitesome movement towards market orientation. Distribution of class 1 fruithas shifted since the late 1970s away from primary wholesale markets tomultiple retailers who were attracted by higher profit margins.Consequently, the marketing of class 1 apples is now an administeredvertical market. Some studies suggest the industry should export;however, believes this would be wrong for Cox until there is a sounddomestic market. Growers need to adopt the new varieties that have beenintroduced by competitors in France and New Zealand. A niche market alsoexists for the traditional varieties. The emphasis should be focused onexpanding the total market for apples, not on increasing market share, acase supported by studies which show that increased consumption of fruitand vegetables reduces the risk of cancer and heart diseases; a revivalof a marketing intelligence system for the industry is essential.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 9-12 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reports on a study to establish the range of foods eaten by a groupof 215 elderly people, living in sheltered housing in Scotland, based ona validated 24-hour recall and using a nutrient check-list devised bythe British Dietetic Association's Nutrition Advisory Group on theElderly (NAGE). Though it might be expected that the high levels ofsupport which sheltered housing tenants receive would reduce theprevalence of poor nutrition, indicates that, while nutritional supportwas available to tenants in sheltered housing, the facilities and themethods by which such support was provided varied considerably betweendifferent housing centres. Suggests that the nutritional support offeredmay, however, play a vital role by stimulating interest in food and,indeed, by supplementing the diet.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 19-23 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The 1995 Food Hygiene Regulations can be seen either as a problemfor the hotel and catering industry or as an opportunity to put intoplace an acceptable hygiene model that is going to remove the confusioncaused by the 1990s legislation. However, to achieve this, the proposalsmust be founded on scientific data and the Joint Hospitality IndustriesCongress must be prepared to take on the appropriate government body ifit finds that its recommendations are being subjected to unacceptablemodifications. It is also important for the hotel and catering industryto maintain a recognized forum to influence future legislation.
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  • 65
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Examines the impact of the Single European Market on small andmedium-sized firms (SMEs) in the food sector. The effects of complyingwith new Single Market regulations have fallen disproportionately onSMEs, which do not have access either to the resources or informationavailable to larger firms. One consequence is that many small firmmanagers view the Single Market programme purely as an extra regulatoryburden, with which they have to comply, without realizing the benefits.Advocates a more conciliatory approach to the implementation of Europeanlegislation by officials in the UK. Also highlights the need for acentral body to co-ordinate the implementation of standards and provideadvice for SMEs.
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  • 66
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 24-29 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Presents empirical evidence in the context of grocery shopping tochallenge the assumption that routine shopping is considered invariablyto be a low-involvement activity. Argues that certain situationalfactors may give rise to routine purchases becoming more involving thanothers and studies the case of stock-out situations. Finds that there issome evidence to suggest that routine food shopping for many consumerscan be highly involving at times.
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  • 67
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 30-32 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Suggests that though inulin is an oligosaccharide of dietaryinterest as a bifidogenic factor, little consideration appears to havebeen given to its behaviour in foods. Establishes that inulin would beentirely suitable for incorporation into natural or stirred fruityogurt, in that it enhances the organoleptic properties of theproduct(s), and at inclusion levels which could be valuable from anutritional standpoint.
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  • 68
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 12-15 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Snacking is commonly regarded by the general public as unhealthy,believing that it is more beneficial to stick to an eating pattern ofthree meals a day. Similarly anyone on a weight reduction programme willavoid snacks, reducing the frequency of eating occasions to two to threetimes a day. However there is evidence to suggest that snacking is notthe evil once thought and individuals that snack throughout the day havepositive advantages over individuals who conform to a rigid pattern ofthree meals a day. Increasingly western populations appear to be movingaway from the "gorging" to the "nibbling"pattern of eating, probably as a direct result of the increasedavailability of fast foods and snacks. Reviews the literature in thearea of snacking and frequency of eating with respect to energy andnutrient intakes, body weight, body composition and energy balance andindicates the direction for further research.
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  • 69
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 3-11 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Secondary school children's knowledge, attitudes and eating habitstowards dietary salt (NaC1) were measured by self-completedquestionnaires in schools in Nottinghamshire (East Midlands of England)and analysed on the basis of age and sex. The results showed that a veryhigh proportion (86 to 98 per cent) of children (both boys and girls)add salt to foods, with approximately 70 per cent of the youngerchildren adding salt before tasting. The most popular food to which saltwas added was chips (94 per cent of all children) and the least popularwere pasta, soup and salad. The majority of the children perceived theirown salt intake as medium in level, but this perception did notdiscriminate between added salt and salt present in processed food,about which their knowledge was fairly poor. Comparison of the sodium(Na) content of pastry samples produced by an in-house recipe in severalNottingham schools showed them to vary five-fold, but in every caseexcept one they were lower than the Na level of a commercial pastry mixmarketed to school meals authorities. Consideration should be given to asubstantial reduction in Na contents of a range of both in-house recipefoods and prepacked processed foods provided to children in schoolmeals.
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  • 70
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 23-31 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The historical development in the UK of the labelling of prepackedfood is traced and the evolution of regulatory controls is described, aswell as their nature. The impact of UK membership of the European Unionon food labelling requirements is considered and likely futuredevelopments are included. The need to rethink approaches to foodlabelling so as to facilitate multilingual labels is highlighted. Thedesirability of reviewing food labelling regulatory practices in thelight of a future scenario driven by information technology and distanceshopping is emphasized.
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  • 71
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 16-22 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A significant achievement of the past decade has been the emergenceof a consensus on what contributes the optimum dietary intake for thepopulation at large. A research project was conducted - utilizingrecipe development, nutritional analysis and sensory evaluation –to ascertain effective means of applying this consensus to practicalcatering operations.
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  • 72
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 6-13 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The forces shaping the "new Europe" are many andvaried. The changes will test food manufacturers to the limits. Ifappropriate strategies are to be developed, a clear understanding isneeded of the forces driving change and their likely effects. Outlinesthe forces driving change, including: the prospect of further EUenlargement; the liberalization of trade in central and eastern Europe;the GATT and CAP agreements. Suggests ways in which manufacturers needto adjust to the changes and the issues they need to be aware of.
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  • 73
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 32-35 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Irradiation is an effective means of increasing a food'smicrobiological safety. However, it has not been widely adopted in theUK as a routine process. The major stumbling block is consumerresistance. Tests the hypothesis that this may be due to radiophobia(fear of irradiation). Perceptions of irradiation, gauged by means ofquestionnaire, showed a low awareness of irradiation and the treatmentinvolved. In those aware of irradiation, radiophobia was apparent,demonstrated by both fear of radioactivity and worries of potentialdetrimental health effects after consuming irradiated foods. However,younger consumers appeared to be less radiophobic than older consumers.Consumers are generally unaware of process benefits. This demonstrates aneed for education, if food irradiation is to be accepted on a routinebasis.
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  • 74
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 14-17 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: While all the global food manufacturers are in evidence across theCIS and eastern Europe, all have different reasons for entering themarket. Classifies the food manufacturers into: volume seekers;followers; and raw material seekers. Also classifies their market entrystrategies as exporters, joint-venturers and manufacturers. Goes on toanalyse the countries of the CIS and eastern Europe in terms of theirattractiveness to food manufacturers. Classifies them into four groupson the basis of their scores on key market criteria. Identifies positiveand negative factors for each group.
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  • 75
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 18-24 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Looks at the opportunities for food manufacturers created by thechanges in Europe. Provides analyses of the changing trends in marketingfor: the food manufacturing industry; the existing food industry, interms of three player types; and the European consumer base. Identifiesstrategies for success for each of the three player types.
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  • 76
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 25-31 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Considers the issues affecting retail and distribution in the newEurope. Analyses ways in which retailing will change in the nextcentury. Classifies the retail distribution chain into three stages:growth, maturity and regeneration. Describes the characteristics of eachstage. Forecasts the developments that are likely to take place in theretail environment in the next decade, including growth in home shoppingand narrowcasting.
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  • 77
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 32-35 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Describes the composition of the fresh produce supply industry,including the organizations involved in this sector, such as marketingboards, integrated fruit companies, and specialist importers. Identifiesthe "new" groups which will emerge as: producer groups; andservice-driven distributors. Suggests strategies for survival andsuccess in the new Europe for each group.
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  • 78
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 36-38 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Suggests that one of the keys to success within the European dairyindustry over the next decade will be the development of an ability toreact quickly to change. Identifies the groupings within the industryas: industry drivers; industry agitators; and industry followers.Proposes strategies for survival and success for each grouping.
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  • 79
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 39-43 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Identifies three main player types in the European snackfoodindustry: followers, fliers and financiers. Describes thecharacteristics of each group. Analyses the forces for change as: macroforces, market forces and industry forces. Suggests what the response tothese forces for change should be and proposes strategies for successand survival for each player group.
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  • 80
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 19-22 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Dietary public health advice has been to consume fish. The fattyacids in fish, specifically the ratio of n-3 to n-6, are reported to beinstrumental in determining the benefits. Looks at the availableliterature on differences in fatty acid composition between wild andfarmed fish. Supports the hypothesis that farmed fish have a higher fatcontent and a different fat composition to wild fish. Suggests that moredetailed studies, are required to compare the fat compositions of thevarious types of wild and farmed fish.
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  • 81
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 23-28 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reviews the continued rise and cost implications of food-bornedisease. Discusses strategies for containing and reducing the problem.To date, in spite of considerable effort and attention, the legislativeapproach does not appear to be affecting the reported incidence of foodpoisoning. Hygiene education, especially of the consumer, has receivedfar less attention. Advocates the use of hygiene education is based onhealth education theory.
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  • 82
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 33-34 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Shows how blood pressure increases with age in Western communities,where the amount of salt in the diet is relatively high. A reduction insalt consumption would lower blood pressure, which, in turn, wouldresult in a substantial reduction in mortality due to stroke and toheart disease.
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  • 83
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 35-40 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Compelling chemical, biochemical, clinical and epidemiologicalevidence supports the view that the antioxidant nutrients exert vitalcontributions towards the prevention or delayed onset of cancer andcardiovascular disease. The presence of antioxidants in fruit,vegetables, tea and red wine may help to explain why their presence inthe diet is associated with reduced incidence of heart disease andcancer.
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  • 84
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 41-43 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Describes and discusses some of the recent evidence which indicatesthat regular consumption of a moderate amount of red wine as part of aMediterranean style diet reduces the incidence of coronary heart diseaseand increases longevity.
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  • 85
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 44-45 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Thirty-eight adults completed a ten-week dietary interventionsurvey designed to increase the amounts of starch and non-milk intrinsicsugars in their diet. They were instructed to eat more cereal, fruit andvegetable foods and each person was provided with a weekly basket ofappropriate foods following an initial nutritional assessment.Information about how to incorporate such foods into their diet was keptto the minimum. An evaluation of the procedure indicated that eating abreakfast featured as a key activity in the success of increasingcereal, fruit and vegetable consumption. Activities to implement theHealth of the Nation dietary guidelines could focus on promotingthe consumption of a breakfast in the home, schools and workplace.
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  • 86
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 18-22 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Posits that fibre is an essential constituent of the daily diet.Outlines the types of dietary fibre and summarizes some common diseasesassociated with the lack of fibre in the human diet.
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  • 87
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 17-20 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reports on some of the points and predictions made in a lecture atthe Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory Open Day.
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  • 88
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 5-11 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Over six years, first-year students completed weighed dietarysurveys, and their dietary intakes of a variety of nutrients weredetermined. Reports on sources of energy in the diet. The data collectedwere compared with recommended dietary amounts and with literature dataon dietary intakes of young adults (not students). The data collectedshow energy intakes of students to be very similar to those of otheryoung adults of a similar age. They tended to be more likely to consumefat at recommended levels, with females in later years consuming lessthan 35 per cent energy as fat. Data for females over the six years alsosuggest that total energy intakes are declining, which, if the trendcontinues, could lead to problems in satisfying other nutritionalrequirements. Alcohol consumption among students was similar to otherpeople of a similar age group, although a small number of individualswere consuming a large proportion of their energy as alcohol.
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  • 89
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Discusses applications of genetic engineering including some whichare already used commercially. Outlines some of the technicalcomplexities of gene transfer in plants. Touches on the regulation ofgene transfer technology.
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  • 90
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 36-41 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reviews the various physical methods available for the detection ofirradiated foods in the areas of: measuring changes in physicalproperties; luminescent detection; and electron spin resonance.Concludes that many of the techniques hold great potential as simplescreening methods.
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  • 91
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 19-21 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reports how a study of diet in people with arthritis by use of aquestionnaire showed benefits of diet for ten of the 17 respondents.There were a number of dietary modifications implicated, the most commonbeing a diet high in essential fatty acids and low in fat. Respondentswere also noted to take a wide range of supplements.
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  • 92
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 26-29 
    ISSN: 0034-6659
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Introduces the Internet by way of a brief history of itsdevelopment and an outline of such areas of interest as: electronicshopping; food, wine and cookery information; educational and adviceservices on nutritional matters, including forums for individuals toaccess information and even doctors to consult on health matters; andnutrition-related software available on the Internet. Advises onpractical difficulties new net users may encounter (e.g. softwarerelevance and compatibility), and briefly reviews five recent booksdesigned for novice net users.
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  • 93
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    Nutrition & food science 95 (1995), S. 35-42 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Introduces statistical methods employed in analysing sensory data.Describes significance testing and simple procedures for determinationof population characteristics in sensory data and highlights sources oferror and replication in the sensory context. Discusses factorsimportant in selection of an appropriate statistical test for sensorydata.
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  • 94
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 5-9 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Considers the history of one fruit - the apple - andone vegetable - the potato. Outlines the mythological, culturaland social context in which attitudes to both of these have been shaped.Demonstrates the relevance of these histories to the study of fruit andvegetable consumption in lower income groups. Highlights the importanceof psychological factors in the choice of food, and of awareness of thecultural context in which foods are consumed.
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  • 95
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 10-17 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Opens by identifying fruit and vegetable consumption differencesbetween socio-economic groups in Britain. Goes on to outline currentunderstanding of antioxidants and the role they have in preventing orstemming disease processes. Explores factors which determine consumptionof fruit and vegetables across all social groups, before considering indetail the impact of inadequate income. Considers the relationshipbetween smoking, low income and fruit and vegetable consumption andnotes that despite increased antioxidant requirements smokers on lowincome exhibit lower levels of consumption. Rejects the notion that suchpurchasing patterns are irrational in the circumstances and concludesthat a national healthy diet policy, particularly one which increasesthe consumption of fruit and vegetables, cannot be dissociated fromsocial protection.
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  • 96
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 18-21 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Describes a "tool kit" approach to applied socialresearch into food and nutritional issues. Briefly describes the maindifferences between qualitative and quantitative research styles interms of outlook and methods. Using the example of research into creamand its consumption in the context of health promotion, argues thatdifferent research methods and styles are appropriate to differentissues and the type of findings required. Illustrates a distinctionbetween findings about structure and findings about process. Concludesthat an open-minded approach and a pragmatic view of research methods asa potential range of options (a "tool kit") are desirable inapplied research settings.
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  • 97
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 27-31 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Offers an introduction to using market research methods andprovides an illustrative example of their application to the study ofScottish eating habits. Provides a brief review of some of the secondarydata sources on food and examines the pros and cons of several primaryresearch methods commonly used in market(ing) research. Despite thespecificity of findings, suggests that other disciplines might considerusing market research techniques to gain access to purposeful andrelevant information.
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  • 98
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 22-26 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reviews a range of diet survey methods which are commonly utilizedby nutritionists. All methods are time-consuming and demanding forsubjects and researchers. It is therefore essential that appropriateretrospective or prospective methods are selected to meet the purpose ofthe survey. For researchers concerned with changing dietary behaviour,stresses that information on the social context within which food isconsumed should be collected as well as data on food and nutrientintake.
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  • 99
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 32-35 
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Presents an outline of the value of qualitative approaches toresearch into social life specifically within the area of the sociologyof food and eating. Uses a study funded by the ESRC as an illustrationfor the decision to take a qualitative perspective. Highlights twospecific methods, the focus group and the semi-structured interview.Examines the effect on the family of one member's change in diet, anduses a multi-method, multi-stage research design. This design hasoffered the opportunity to use an inductive process of analysis whichhas resulted in the emergence of a series of conceptual frameworkswithin which family members may be seen to understand the process ofabsorbing change.
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    British food journal 97 (1995), S. 36-38 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Illustrates how qualitative methods can illuminate social andcultural contexts which affect food choice in the domestic situation.Argues that these contexts are best uncovered by the exploratory,inductive and less structured approaches offered by qualitative methods.Describes some analytical strengths of these methods: complexity, depth,context and dynamics. Illustrates these with examples drawn from amulti-interview study of whole family groups carried out in Edinburgh inthe late 1980s. Suggests that qualitative methods are best suited toinvestigating the social processes and dynamics which underpin thestatistical picture presented in quantitative nutritional surveys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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