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  • Articles  (10)
  • fermentation
  • Springer  (10)
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1995  (10)
  • Biology  (10)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (7)
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  • Articles  (10)
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  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1945-1949
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of an NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenase and acetate in the utilization of lactate by Clostridium acetobutylicum strain P262 (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 36-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsClostridium acetobutylicum ; Lactate ; utilization ; Acetate utilization ; Acetone-butanol ; fermentation ; Lactate dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Clostridium acetobutylicum strain P262 utilized lactate at a rapid rate [600 nmol min–1 (mg protein)–1], but lactate could not serve as the sole energy source. When acetate was provided as a co-substrate, the growth rate was 0.05 h–1. Butyrate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen were the end products of lactate and acetate utilization, and the stoichiometry was 1 lactate + 0.4 acetate → 0.7 butyrate + 0.6 H2 + 1 CO2. Lactate-grown cells had twofold lower hydrogenase than glucose-grown cells, and the lactate-grown cells used acetate as an alternative electron acceptor. The cells had a poor affinity for lactate (Ks = 1.1 mM), and there was no evidence for active transport. Lactate utilization was catabolyzed by an inducible NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenase (iLDH) that had a pH optimum of 7.5. The iLDH was fivefold more active with d-lactate than l-lactate, and the K m for d-lactate was 3.2 mM. Lactate-grown cells had little butyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and this defect did not allow the conversion of lactate to butanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050233
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physostigmine production byStreptomyces griseofuscus NRRL 5324: Process development and scale-up studies (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1995), S. 414-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: fermentation ; scale up ; secondary metabolite ; physostigmine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A reliable and scalable fermentation process was developed for production of the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor physostigmine employingStreptomyces griseofuscus NRRL 5324. Initial fermentation in small-scale bioreactors reached physostigmine levels of approximately 60 mg L−1 after 139 h. Optimization of both process operating parameters and production medium composition rapidly yielded a seven-fold increase in physostigmine titer. The scaled up process routinely produced physostigmine titers of approximately 400 mg L−1 during a fermentation cycle of 180 h, and supported the rapid production of large amounts of physostigmine. A physostigmine production of 500 mg L−1 representing an eight-fold improvement over the original performance, was achieved using a glucose/ammonium fed-batch process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569967
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic fermentation in tobacco pollen (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 739-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; fermentation ; gene expression ; pollen ; pyruvate decarboxylase ; respiration ; tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We characterized the genes coding for the two dedicated enzymes of ethanolic fermentation, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), and show that they are functional in pollen. Two PDC-encoding genes were isolated, which displayed reciprocal regulation: PDC1 was anaerobically induced in leaves, whereas PDC2 mRNA was absent in leaves, but constitutively present in pollen. A flux through the ethanolic fermentation pathway could be measured in pollen under all tested environmental and developmental conditions. Surprisingly, the major factor influencing the rate of ethanol production was not oxygen availability, but the composition of the incubation medium. Under optimal conditions for pollen tube growth, approximately two-thirds of the carbon consumed was fermented, and ethanol accumulated into the surrounding medium to a concentration exceeding 100 mM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021197
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microcarrier cultivation of bovine aortic endothelial cells in spinner vessels and a membrane stirred bioreactor (1995)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 18 (1995), S. 193-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: amino acids ; endothelium ; fermentation ; glutamine consumption ; microcarriers ; spinner cultivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Primary bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultivated in serum supplemented medium without any additional growth factors. The anchorage dependent cells were propagated on Dormacell® microcarriers with covalently bound dimeric DEAE-groups at the surface of the dextrane beads. Cultivations were performed in 200 ml spinner cultures containing 1 g l−1 to 3 g l−1 of microcarriers. Out of five types of Dormacell® microcarriers with different ion exchange capacities ranging from 0.30 up to 0.65 meq g−1, corresponding to nitrogen contents from 1.2% to 2.9%, respectively, optimal attachment and growth of endothelial cells were obtained with beads of highest nitrogen content (2.9%). Cells were seeded withca. 5 viable cells per microcarrier being sufficient to achieve fully confluent microcarriers after 4 to 5 days. Glucose concentrations decreased from 21 mM to uppermost half of the original concentrations. 4 mM glutamine was rapidly consumed and virtually exhausted after the cells reached confluency. Lactate concentrations raised to a maximum of 7 mM in spinner cultures, but was found to be reutilized in the stationary phase after glutamine limitation occurred. Serine was found to be the second most prominent amino acid being almost exhausted at confluency whereas alanine was produced in noteworthy amounts. Considerable decrease was determined for threonine, lysine and arginine; low consumption rates were observed for leucine, phenylalanine and methionine. All other amino acids did not alter significantly throughout cultivation. These data support that bovine aortic endothelial cells are capable to utilize glucose and glutamine as well as lactic acid (after glutamine exhaustion) as energy and/or carbon source. Finally, batch cultures in a 2 liter membrane stirred bioreactor with bubble-free aeration were performed to produce large quantities of endothelial cells using microcarrier concentrations of 3 g l−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00767767
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioconversion capacity ofStreptomyces sp GE44282, a producer of the antibiotics heneicomycin and aurodox (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1995), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: antibiotic ; fermentation ; microbial transformation ; hydroxylation ; aurodox ; heneicomycin ; Streptomyces goldiniensis ; Streptomyces filippiniensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Streptomyces sp GE44282 was isolated in the course of a screening program for novel antibiotics. It co-produces heneicomycin and aurodox, two kirromycin-type antibiotics, which differ by the presence of an hydroxyl group at the C30 position of aurodox. Heneicomycin is converted into aurodox both by growing and resting cells ofStreptomyces sp GE44282 and by the producer of aurodox,Streptomyces goldiniensis ATCC 21386. This bioconversion of heneicomycin is substrate-specific and is not observed using the producer of heneicomycin,Streptomyces filippiniensis NRRL 11044. The three strains show very similar taxonomic characteristics. These results suggest that heneicomycin is a precursor of aurodox, the production of which depends on the bioconversion capability expressed by the strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570013
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetate production byClostridium thermoaceticum in corn steep liquor media (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1995), S. 424-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Clostridium thermoaceticum ; fermentation ; acetic acid ; calcium magnesium acetate ; corn steep liquor ; nutrients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A low-cost nutrient medium based on corn steep liquor (CSL) was developed for the production of acetates byClostridium thermoaceticum. Pre-treatment of CSL with dolime and vitamin supplementation increased the rate of acetate production. Adding excess nutrients in a fed-batch mode minimized by-product formation and increased final acetate concentration from 19 g L−1 to 40 g L−1 acetic acid. High yields of acetic acid (0.95 g g−1 glucose in fed-batch mode) was probably due to the conversion of the lactic acid in CSL into acetic acid by the organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569969
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of proteolipid onZymomonas fermentation of 25% glucose media (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1995), S. 442-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Zymomonas mobilis ; ethanol ; proteolipid ; fermentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Zymomonas mobilis produces more than three times as many colony-forming units when grown in the presence of a combination of protein and lipid medium supplements than in unsupplemented cultures. The specific ethanol production rate is twice as fast, and the percent yield is higher (92% vs 82%), in supplemented than in unsupplemented broth. In addition, there is a change in the phospholipid composition of cells grown in the presence of supplements. Both materials are required for enhancement of fermentation and growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569972
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast communities in a natural tequila fermentation (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: tequila ; fermentation ; agave ; yeast community ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fresh and cooked agave,Drosophila spp., processing equipment, agave molasses, agave extract, and fermenting must at a traditional tequila distillery (Herradura, Amatitan, Jalisco, México) were studied to gain insight on the origin of yeasts involved in a natural tequila fermentations. Five yeast communities were identified. (1) Fresh agave contained a diverse mycobiota dominated byClavispora lusitaniae and an endemic species,Metschnikowia agaveae. (2)Drosophila spp. from around or inside the distillery yielded typical fruit yeasts, in particularHanseniaspora spp.,Pichia kluyveri, andCandida krusei. (3)Schizosaccharomyces pombe prevailed in molasses. (4) Cooked agave and extract had a considerable diversity of species, but includedSaccharomyces cerevisiae. (5) Fermenting juice underwent a gradual reduction in yeast heterogeneity.Torulaspora delbrueckii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, andHanseniaspora spp. progressively ceded the way toS. cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Candida milleri, andBrettanomyces spp. With the exception ofPichia membranaefaciens, which was shared by all communities, little overlap existed. That separation was even more manifest when species were divided into distinguishable biotypes based on morphology or physiology. It is concluded that crushing equipment and must holding tanks are the main source of significant inoculum for the fermentation process.Drosophila species appear to serve as internal vectors. Proximity to fruit trees probably contributes to maintaining a substantialDrosophila community, but the yeasts found in the distillery exhibit very little similarity to those found in adjacent vegetation. Interactions involving killer toxins had no apparent direct effects on the yeast community structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873100
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microbiology of ‘kunun-zaki’, a cereal beverage from northern Nigeria, during the fermentation (production) process (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Acidity ; fermentation ; Kunun-zaki ; lactobacilli ; microflora ; millet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract ‘Kunun-zaki’ is a beverage produced by a fermentation process involving the steeping of millet grains and wetmilling. Initially, there is a wide range of microflora but, after steeping, the moulds are eliminated, leaving a 1:1 ratio of Gram-negative bacteria to Gram-positive bacteria. By the end of the fermentation, all Gram-negative bacteria are eliminated and Lactobacillus spp. predominate. Increase in acidity during the process also encourages growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fermentation for 8 h produces an acceptable product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286358
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the intracellular concentrations of the adenosine phosphates and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae during batch fermentation (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 196-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Adenosine phosphates ; fermentation ; flor-veil-forming yeast ; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Significant changes in the intracellular concentrations of adenosine phosphates and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides were observed during fermentation of grape must by three different strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae: S. cerevisiae var.cerevisiae, a typical fermentative yeast strain and two flor-veil-forming strains,S. cerevisiae var.bayanus andS. cerevisiae var.capensis. The intracellular concentration of ATP was always higher inS. cerevisiae var.cerevisiae than in the flor-veil-forming strains. NAD+ and NADP+ concentrations decreased at faster rates in the flor-veil-forming yeasts than in the other yeast but NADH concentration was the same in all yeasts for the first 10 days of fermentation. NADPH concentration was always lower inS. cerevisiae var.cerevisiae than in the other yeasts and this yeast also showed higher rates of growth and fermentation during the early stages of the fermentation and the presence of non-viable cells at the end of fermentation. In contrast, the flor-veil-forming strains maintained growth and fermentation capabilities for a relatively long time and viable cells were present throughout the entire fermentation process (31 days).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704648
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