ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (5,656)
  • Springer  (5,656)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1995-1999  (5,656)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1995  (5,656)
  • Geosciences  (5,315)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (758)
Collection
  • Articles  (5,656)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (5,656)
  • 1975-1979
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using The Navstar Signals To Make Traffic Flow More Smoothly (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 3-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is This the Launch that Guides Millions of Navstar GPS Users? (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GPS And Loran-C: A Great Approach Navigation System For General Aviation Aircraft (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 11-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Future Opportunities In An Expanding User Community (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 7-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using GPS Legally To Define A Parcel Of Land (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 5-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unworkable Policy Under Fire (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 9-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GPS – The World's New Utility (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 81-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Navigating Space Vehicles Using Signals From NAVSTAR GPS Satellites (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 86-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GPS Spoken Here (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 90-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstrating Technology In Motion And Economic Growth Through GPS (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 91-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International Acceptance of GPS (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 94-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GPS In The Real World (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 88-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From the Ground ... Up! A Workhorse Rocket for GPS (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 108-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GPS Tensor Development (An Applications-Based Technology Breakthrough) (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status Of Improvements And Changes To The NAVSTAR GPS Master Control Station (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 96-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GPS Solutions for the Verification and Resolution of GIS Coordinate Database (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Where Is It and Where Is It Going? A Comprehensive Look at GPS Asset Location Systems, Part 2 (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In the previous article we covered what asset location systems (ALS) are and the features and benefits they offer. In this article we explore the various features to be considered when acquiring an ALS and steps to be taken. We discuss what users are saying they want in an ALS, including the results of a survey of vehicle tracking system users and providers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NAVSAT/621B/GPS: Present at the Creation (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving Orthometric Heights Using Precise GPS Measurements (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The vertical component obtained from the Global Positioning System (GPS) observations is from the ellipsoid (a mathematical surface), and therefore needs to be converted to the orthometric height, which is from the geoid (represented by the mean sea level). The common practice is to use existing bench marks (around the four corners of a project area and interpolate for the rest of the area), but in many areas bench marks may not be available, in which case an existing geoid undulation is used. Present available global geoid undulation values are not generally as detailed as needed, and in many areas they are not known better than ±1 to ±5 m, because of many limitations. This article explains the difficulties encountered in obtaining precise geoid undulation with some example computations, and proposes a technique of applying corrections to the best available global geoid undulations using detailed free-air gravity anomalies (within a 2° × 2° area) to get relative centimeter accuracy. Several test computations have been performed to decide the optimal block sizes and the effective spherical distances to compute the regional and the local effects of gravity anomalies on geoid undulations by using the Stokes integral. In one test computation a 2° × 2° area was subdivided into smaller surface elements. A difference of 37.34 ± 1.6 cm in geoid undulation was obtained over the same 2° × 2° area when 1° × 1° block sizes were replaced by a combination of 5' × 5' and 1' × 1' subdivision integration elements (block sizes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Reports On NAVSTAR GPS Recall Early Thoughts On A “Borderles System” (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 143-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICAO GNSS Activities (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 145-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Georesearch Maintains Lead In Innovative GPS/GIS Solutions (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 148-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conclusions of the International Conference on Planning for Global Radionavigation, Moscow, June 1995 (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 146-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Unfolding Future of the Global Navigation Satellite System. Part 1. From the Past to the Present (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: This is the first in a series of three articles authored by John Beukers. In this series, John will lead us through some of today's relevant radionavigation history putting turbulent times into perspective. Picking out what he considers significant in the current debate, he projects the future for satellite and terrestrial radionavigation systems well into the 21st century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacing to GPS Receivers: A Need for a Standard (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 48-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GPS Approaches Augmented by the Transponder Landing System (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 38-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positioning, Navigation, and Timing: Facts and Issues (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current Status of GLONASS (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Where Is It and Where Is It Going?: A Comprehensive Look at GPS Asset Location (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Asset location systems, including vehicle and property tracking systems, are in the verge of exploding onto the scene for widespread business and personal use. This is due in part to decreased costs of GPS equipment, and greater availability of wireless communication systems, but also largely due to public awareness of their capabilities and benefits. Companies, organizations, and individual consumers that earlier could not justify the costs of tracking systems are now seriously considering their implementation. Public awareness of such systems is growing daily. Newspapers regularly have articles covering the latest applications of GPS. En route nagivation for aircraft, assisting blind people to navigate the streets of a city, and tracking skiers on slopes are some of the topics of recent newspapers articles on GPS. This article explores GPS asset location systems, looks at their features and foibles, and considers their cost, utility, ease of use, and drawbacks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GPS/GIS: Establishing Highly Accurate and Effective Control Points (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 28-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Executive Summary GPS is a scientific method used as an adjunct to geographic information systems (GIS) for determining high-accuracy control points over large areas. Recent improvements in receiver technology, differential surveying, and software have made use of GPS technology more practical for smaller GIS projects. This article compares three different GPSs with occupation times of 2 and 12 min using an existing control network, comparing the location of the points and the distances between points. The control network internal distances vary from 40 to 280 m, and within 2000 m of the nearest second-order National Geodetic Survey (NGS) triangulation station. The partnership of GPS and GIS will lead to higher surveying integrity while improving digital mapping on the ground over small and large areas. It also allows for postsurvey analysis with solutions coming from multiple base stations. Presented here is a case study of how to achieve highly accurate and effective control points using using GPS/GIS, particularly for a small area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvements by the USAF 2nd Space Operations Squadron at the Master Control Station Are Benefiting GPS Users (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System is a space-based, all-weather, worldwide satellite navigation system. GPS uses the constellation of satellites and associated ground equipment to perform the primary missions of highly accurate navigation, time transfer, and nuclear detonation detection. To achieve these missions, GPS has three clearly defined segments – space, user and control (see Figure 1). The control segment, otherwise referred to as the operational control segment (OCS), consists of the personnel and equipment that controls the space segment and interfaces with the user segment. The OCS is made up of the master control station (MCS), the ground antennas (GA), and the monitor stations (MS). The purpose of this article is to describe how the 2nd Space Operations Squadron runs the MCS, the key element of the OCS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    25th Meeting of the Civil GPS Service Interface Committee 2–3 March 1995 (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 74-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICAO GNSS Activities (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 76-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GPS Test Standards Working Group Off to a Good Start (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 80-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Policy Wars on Several Fronts (1995)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 85-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation for partially observed Markov processes (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 33-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Hidden markov models ; maximum likelihood estimation ; EM algorithm ; martingale estimating function ; forward-backward algorithm ; Monte Carlo ; filtering ; Nash cascade model ; rainfall runoff modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Many stochastic process models for environmental data sets assume a process of relatively simple structure which is in some sense partially observed. That is, there is an underlying process (Xn, n ≥ 0) or (Xt, t ≥ 0) for which the parameters are of interest and physically meaningful, and an observable process (Yn, n ≥ 0) or (Yt, t ≥ 0) which depends on the X process but not otherwise on those parameters. Examples are wide ranging: the Y process may be the X process with missing observations; the Y process may be the X process observed with a noise component; the X process might constitute a random environment for the Y process, as with hidden Markov models; the Y process might be a lower dimensional function or reduction of the X process. In principle, maximum likelihood estimation for the X process parameters can be carried out by some form of the EM algorithm applied to the Y process data. In the paper we review some current methods for exact and approximate maximum likelihood estimation. We illustrate some of the issues by considering how to estimate the parameters of a stochastic Nash cascade model for runoff. In the case of k reservoirs, the outputs of these reservoirs form a k dimensional vector Markov process, of which only the kth coordinate process is observed, usually at a discrete sample of time points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581757
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stochastic physical system approach to modeling river water quality (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 117-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: River Quality ; network ; computer model ; Thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, concepts of network thermodynamics are applied to a river water quality model, which is based on Streeter-Phelps equations, to identify the corresponding physical components and their topology. Then, the randomness in the parameters, input coefficients and initial conditions are modeled by Gaussian white noises. From the stochastic components of the physical system description of problem and concepts of physical system theory, a set of stochastic differential equations can be automatically generated in a computer and the recent developments on the automatic formulation of the moment equations based on Ito calculus can be used. This procedure is illustrated through the solution of an example of stochastic river water quality problem and it is also shown how other related problems with different configurations can be automatically solved in a computer using just one software.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585602
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploratory spectral analysis of hydrological times series (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 171-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: AR-AIC-Bayes filter ; autoregressive spectral density estimation ; diagnostic checks for ARMA models ; exploratory data analysis ; fast Fourier transform ; Hurst coefficient ; long-memory times series ; periodogram smoothing ; riverflow time series ; spectral density plots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Current methods of estimation of the univariate spectral density are reviewed and some improvements are made. It is suggested that spectral analysis may perhaps be best thought of as another exploratory data analysis (EDA) tool which complements, rather than competes with, the popular ARMA model building approach. A new diagnostic check for ARMA model adequacy based on the nonparametric spectral density is introduced. Additionally, two new algorithms for fast computation of the autoregressive spectral density function are presented. For improving interpretation of results, a new style of plotting the spectral density function is suggested. Exploratory spectral analyses of a number of hydrological time series are performed and some interesting periodicities are suggested for further investigation. The application of spectral analysis to determine the possible existence of long memory in natural time series is discussed with respect to long riverflow, treering and mud varve series. Moreover, a comparison of the estimated spectral densities suggests the ARMA models fitted previously to these datasets adequately describe the low frequency component. Finally, the software and data used in this paper are available by anonymous ftp from fisher.stats.uwo.ca.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581718
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computational aspects in use of entropy theory in predicting water quality levels at discontinued stations (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 215-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Computation ; discretization ; entropy ; networks ; time averaging ; water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The computational aspects of using a new, entropy-based, theory to predict water quality values at discontinued water quality monitoring stations are discussed. The main computational issues addressed are the level of discretization used in converting the continuous probability distribution of water quality values to the discrete levels required for the entropy function, and the choice of the interval of time for which to assign the value of the water quality (period of time averaging) through the entropy function. Unlike most cases of entropy applications involving discretization of continuous functions the results of using entropy theory to predict water quality values at discontinued monitoring stations in this application appear to be insensitive to the choice of the level of discretization even down to the very coarse level discretization associated with only eight intervals. However, depending on the length of record available the choice of the time interval for which the water quality values are assigned (period for time averaging) appear to have a significant impact on the accuracy of the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581720
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the distributed parameter filter to predict simulated tidal induced shallow water flow (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 13-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Distributed parameter filter ; shallow water equations ; distributed dynamical systems ; data assimilation ; white Gaussian noise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Distributed parameter filtering theory is employed for estimating the state variables and associated error covariances of a dynamical distributed system under highly random tidal and meteorological influences. The stochastic-deterministic mathematical model of the physical system under study consists of the shallow water equations described by the momentum and continuity equations in which the external forces such as Coriolis force, wind friction, and atmospheric pressure are considered. White Gaussian noises in the system and measurement equations are used to account for the inherent stochasticity of the system. By using an optimal distributed parameter filter, the information provided by the stochastic dynamical model and the noisy measurements taken from the actual system are combined to obtain an optimal estimate of the state of the system, which in turn is used as the initial condition for the prediction procedure. The approach followed here has numerical approximation carried out at the end, which means that the numerical discretization is performed in the filtering equations, and not in the equations modelling the system. Therefore, the continuous distributed nature of the original system is maintained as long as possible and the propagation of modelling errors in the problem is minimized. The appropriateness of the distributed parameter filter is demonstrated in an application involving the prediction of storm surges in the North Sea. The results confirm excellent filter performance with considerable improvement with respect to the deterministic prediction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581756
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the Bayesian approach in regional analysis of extreme rainfalls (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Extreme rainfalls ; partial duration series ; regional estimation ; Bayes' theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Based on the Partial Duration Series model a regional Bayesian approach is introduced in the modelling of extreme rainfalls from a country-wide system of recording raingauges in Denmark. The application of the Bayesian principles is derived in case of both exponential and generalized Pareto-distributed exceedances. The method is applied to, respectively, the total precipitation depth and the maximum 10 minutes rain intensity of individual storms from 41 stations. By means of the regional analysis prior distributions of the parameters in the Partial Duration Series model are estimated. It is shown that the regional approach significantly reduces the uncertainty of the T-year event estimator compared to estimation based solely on at-site data. In addition, the regional approach provides quantile estimates at non-monitored sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581759
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appraisal of regional and index flood quantile estimators (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 49-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Flood frequency analysis ; index flood estimators ; L-moments ; GEV distribution ; regionalization ; probability weighted moments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Our results illustrate the performance of at-site and regional GEV/PWM flood quantile estimators in regions with different coefficients of variation, degrees of regional heterogeneity, record lengths, and number of sites. Analytic approximations of bias and variance are employed. For realistic GEV distributions and short records, the index-flood quantile estimator performs better than a 2-parameter GEV/PWM quantile estimator with a regional shape parameter, or a 3-parameter at-site GEV/PWM quantile estimator, in both humid and especially in arid regions, as long as the degree of regional heterogeneity is moderate. As regional heterogeneity or record lengths increases, 2-parameter estimators quickly dominate. Flood frequency models that assign probabilities larger than 2% to negative flows are unrealistic; experiments employing such distributions provide questionable results. This appraisal generally demonstrates the value of regionalizing estimators of the shape of a flood distribution, and sometimes the coefficient of variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581758
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A resumé of nonlocal transport theories (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 105-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Nonlocal ; transport ; dispersion ; heterogeneity ; integro-differential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Analysis from a number of different perspectives has shown diffusion and dispersion in natural porous formations to generally be nonlocal in character, i.e., the mass balance involves integro-partial differential equations. Only in certain asymptotic limits do these laws localize to classical partial differential equations. Compiled within is a resume of nonlocal laws that our group has developed over the last few years for systems with physical, chemical and biological heterogeneity. Analytical tools used to obtain these laws are nonequilibrium and equilibrium statistical mechanics, and first-order spectral-perturbation methods. This paper is an expansion of the material presented at the Waterloo conference held in the memory of Dr. Unny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585601
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated first and second order moment equations for a set of stochastic differential equations of type AŻ+BZ=C(t) (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 133-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: moment-equations ; state-space ; numerical integration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The generation of the second and higher order moment equations for a set of stochastic differential equations based on Ito's differential lemma is difficult, even for small system of equations. From the knowledge of the statistical properties of the Gaussian white noises associated with the parameters and input coefficients of a set of stochastic differential equations of typeA.Ż+B.Z=C(t), a way to automatically generate the second order moment equations in a computer is presented in this paper. The resulting set of first and second order moment equations is also presented in the same state-space form of the original set of stochastic differential equations through a vectorization of the correlation matrix, which takes advantage of its symmetry. The procedure involved here avoids the inversion of matrixA to apply Ito's differential lemma. Therefore, the presented numerical implementation reduces the computational effort required in the formulation and solution of the moment equations. Moreover, other robust and efficient numerical deterministic integration schemes can be equally applied to the solution of the moment equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585603
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of three-dimensional flow fields for statistically anisotropic heterogeneous porous media (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 238-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581721
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagrammatic solutions for hydraulic head moments in 1-D and 2-D bounded domains (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 269-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Stochastic analysis ; diagrams ; groundwater flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We present a diagrammatic method for solving stochastic 1-D and 2-D steady-state flow equations in bounded domains. The diagrammatic method results in explicit solutions for the moments of the hydraulic head. This avoids certain numerical constraints encountered in realization-based methods. The diagrammatic technique also allows for the consideration of finite domains or large fluctuations, and is not restricted by distributional assumptions. The results of the method for 1-D and 2-D finite domains are compared with those obtained through a realization-based approach. Mean and variance of head are well reproduced for all log-conductivity variances inputted, including those larger than one. The diagrammatic results also compare favorably to hydraulic head moments derived by standard analytic methods requiring a linearized form of the flow equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581729
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic and statistical methods in hydrology and environmental engineering (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Environmental management ; extreme values ; hydrology ; stochastic differential equations ; sustainable development ; time series analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Recent developments in stochastic and statistical methods in hydrology and environmental engineering presented in the upcoming sequence of research papers are evaluated, compared and put into proper perspective. These papers are being published as a memorial to Professor T. E. Unny who was a founding Editor of the journalStochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics. As explained in this introductory paper, other activities that took place to celebrate Professor Unny's lifetime academic accomplishments include an international conference held in his honor at the University of Waterloo in June, 1993 and the publication of a four-volume conference proceedings in 1994.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581755
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of three dimensional flow fields for statistically anisotropic heterogeneous porous media (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 89-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: 3D subsurface flow ; stochastic transport ; statístical anisotropy ; heterogeneous porous media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A methodology for generating three dimensional (3D) flow fields for statistically anisotropic heterogeneous porous media is presented and demonstrated. The simulated flow fields are shown to exhibit the input spatial correlation structure and observe mass continuity. Sample flow fields are presented in the form of cross sectional slices of the 3D formation. These cross sections demonstrate visually the characteristics of subsurface flow. The method was found to be faster than traditional techniques in terms of its computational requirements. Given this method, it is possible to generate the large number of realizations of a velocity field necessary to compute high order statistics in transport problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581760
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can a costly reporting system make environmental enforcement more efficient? (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 151-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Environmental regulation ; compliance ; game theory ; whistle-blowing ; reporting system ; water quality management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A formal mathematical model is developed to ascertain the effectiveness of a reporting system for improving the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations when reports are costly. To model realistic enforcement problems arising over environmental issues such as compliance to water and air quality standards, a formal enforcement model is constructed using concepts from probability and statistics, non-cooperative game theory, and economics. In order to demonstrate clearly the benefits gained when an environmental agency takes advantage of a reporting system, a formal enforcement model with a costly reporting system is rigorously compared to one with no reporting system. The calculation and comparison of Nash equilibria for a range of values of model parameters indicates under what conditions a reporting system can be truly effective. Overall, it is found that a reporting system, such as whistle-blowing, can be helpful for reducing violations of environmental standards, thereby maintaining better environmental quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01585604
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trend analysis: binary-valued and point cases (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Abelson-Tukey coefficients ; binary time series ; detection ; floods ; monotone trend ; point process ; Rio Negro ; time series ; trend
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A sequence of occurrence times of floods may be considered to be part of a realization of a binary-valued time series or of a stochastic point process. In this paper a criterion for detecting the presence of a monotonic trend in the rate of the process is considered. The criterion is based on linear functions of the data with the coefficients chosen to emphasize a monotonic rate. In the case that the process is stationary and mixing, the null distribution of the test statistic is approximately standard normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581719
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic analysis of multiphase flow in porous media: 1. Spectral/perturbation approach (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 239-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Stochastic analysis ; multiphase flow ; porous media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Stochastic analysis of steady-state multiphase (water, oil, and air) flow in heterogeneous porous media was performed using the perturbation theory and spectral representation techniques. The gas phase is assumed to have constant pressure. The governing equations describing the flow of oil and water are coupled and nonlinear. The key stochastic input variables are intrinsic permeability,k, and the soil grain size distribution index, α. Three different stochastic combinations of these two input parameters were considered. The perturbation/spectral analysis was used to develop closed-form expressions that describe stochastic variability of key output processes, such as capillary and individual phase pressures and specific discharges. The analysis also included the derivation of the mean flow equations and estimation of the effective flow properties. The impact of the spatial variability ofk and α on the effective conductivities and the variances of pressures and specific discharges was examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581722
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic analysis of unsaturated transport in soils with fractal log-conductivity distribution (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 297-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Stochastic analysis ; unsaturated transport ; fractals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Within the framework of stochastic theory and the spectral perturbation techniques, three-dimensional dispersion in partially saturated soils with fractal log hydraulic conductivity distribution is analyzed. Our analysis is focused on the impact of fractal dimension of log hydraulic conductivity distribution, local dispersivity, and unsaturated flow parameters, such as the soil poresize distribution parameter and the moisture distribution parameter, on the spreading behavior of solute plume and the concentration variance. Approximate analytical solutions to the stochastic partial differential equations are derived for the variance of asymptotic solute concentration and asymptotic macrodispersivities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581730
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book burning (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305263
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appreciation to referees (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 3-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305264
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to query about fire deaths in Russia (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039197
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of a burn prevention program on child-care providers (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 244-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Since fire and burns are the second leading cause of injury to young children up to age 4, fire and burn prevention education and training must reach the people who care for young children to be effective. Increasingly larger percentages of young children are cared for in out-of-home settings, including child-care centers and family child-care facilities. The majority of children, however, are still cared for by their parents or other relatives, for all or part of the day. Thus, there was a need for an injury prevention program for child-care providers in different settings. A group of experts in a variety of fields developed a burn prevention curriculum as part of a comprehensive injury prevention project. These experts represent a variety of related fields, including injury prevention, early childhood education, child-care administration, instructional design, and evaluation. Operators of child-care facilities, parents, and care providers were involved in the planning and implementation of a training workshop. The program was tested with 141 child-care providers at seven sites. Subjects included child-care center staff, family child-care operators, and parents of young children. Materials included an instructor manual, coursebook, video, and test booklet. Subjects' knowledge, attitudes, and practices intentions were tested before and after the training. Subjects also completed a program evaluation. Results indicated significant improvement in knowledge, attitudes, and practices intentions for the total group and for subjects at each site. Gains made by center staff and family day-care providers were significant on all three measures, as they were for parents on knowledge and practices. Measures of attitudes and injury prevention practices indicated a high level of acceptance of program goals. A large majority of the subjects said the program was useful and interesting. An analysis of the test results by objective indicated that subjects had improved their knowledge scores on each objective. They had the highest achievement on topics related to understanding characteristics of burns and understanding the hazards and prevention techniques related to smoke, matches, lighters, and hot surface burns. An important finding was that child-care providers in different environments can be instructed in burn prevention using the same program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039194
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fire risk analysis model for assessing options for flammable and combustible liquid products in storage and retail occupancies (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 291-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: risk ; flammable liquid ; hazard ; probability ; sprinkler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A fire risk analysis modeling framework was developed to analyze options for fire-safe handling and storing of flammable and combustible liquids in containers. The model illustrates the application of general risk analysis modeling principles to a current, highly visible problem and introduces some new modeling elements. Risk is driven by relative success in providing a complete, operational sprinkler system adequate for controlling fires that start in ordinary combustibles, well away from the liquid products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039322
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ICARUS: A code for evaluating burn injuries (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 307-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A computer code, ICARUS (Injuries CAused by Radiation Upon the Skin), has been developed for evaluating time to second-degree burn injury caused by thermal radiation. This paper introduces the modeling methodology incorporated in ICARUS and illustrates the code's validity and application. ICARUS enables studies of the effects of thermal radiation on the skin and benefits assessments of the shielding effects of clothing layers. ICARUS uses a unique method of solving the complex heat transfer problem associated with simultaneous radiation, conduction, and convection in a multilayered diathermanous clothing/skin assembly, which is especially useful when coupled with the thermal responses (moisture loss, charring, shrinking, and so on) of the clothing fabrics themselves. The code is designed to run on an IBM-PC compatible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039323
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The benefits of publishing technical papers (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 372-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039327
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Santa Ana Fire Department experiment at 1315 South Bristol, July 14, 1994 (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 62-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305268
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sprinkler protection of manufactured homes with sloped ceilings using prototype limited water supply sprinklers (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 5-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Three full-scale fire tests were conducted in a commercial manufactured home 4.3 m wide by 18.3 m long with 10° sloped ceilings. The purpose of the tests was to determine the performance of limited water supply (LWS) sprinklers under a sloped ceiling and to determine whether the minimum distance allowed between sprinklers could be reduced from 2.4 m to 1.8 m. Six prototype LWS sprinklers were installed at a spacing of 1.8 m by 2.4 m in the living room/kitchen area, which measured 4.0 m by 7.2 m. The ceiling and walls were combustible in all three tests, and the room was ventilated by three open windows. The fuel package for all three tests consisted of a vinyl-covered chair with polyurethane padding, double-layered curtains (100% polyester and 50% cotton/50% polyester), and a wooden end table. In the first test, the fuel package was placed in a corner; in the second test, along the wall under the apex of the ceiling between two sprinklers; and in the third test, along the longitudinal wall between two sprinklers. In all tests, no more than two sprinklers actuated. The flow rate with one and two sprinklers operating was 38ℓ pm and 49ℓ pm, respectively. Flow after the first sprinkler actuation was maintained for 10 minutes when one sprinkler actuated and for 7 minutes 40 seconds when two sprinklers actuated. The total flow in each of the three tests was 380ℓ. In all three tests, the sprinklers prevented the curtains and wall paneling from becoming involved in the fire during sprinkler operation. Tenability based on carbon monoxide concentration and gas temperature at the 1.5 m level was maintained in all three tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305265
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire endurance of lightweight wood trusses in building construction (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 44-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Lightweight wood trusses ; truss ; wood truss construction ; wood ; gusset plates ; fire resistance ; char ; pyrolysis ; concealed spaces ; structural collapse ; backdraft ; smoke explosion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Lightweight wood trusses are economical construction elements that combine high strength, light weight, and cost savings. The parallel-chord truss is one of the most common lightweight trusses used in commercial and residential occupancies today. Like all structural components, these trusses are arguably susceptible to failure when exposed to fire. This paper will address fire resistance concerns of parallel-chord, lightweight wood truss floor- and roof-ceiling assemblies, particularly their performance under fire conditions and their susceptibility to construction defects. Because evaluating the effect of fire exposure on both conventional and lightweight wood truss assemblies is so important, considerable supplemental background information on the standard fire test, as it applies to general types of construction, is also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305267
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extinguishing class B fires with dry chemicals: Scaling studies (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 17-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Flame extinguishment ; thermal mechanisms ; flame quenching ; theory ; heat-absorption sinks ; scaling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract In a continuing study of flame extinguishment,1,2,3,4 we report on scaling studies for dry chemicals on larger heptane diffusion flames (0.29 m2 and 2.32 m2 pans). We demonstrate again that small particle sizes extinguish most effectively. Extinguishment is related to heat absorption by decomposing or vaporizing particles. We show that the limiting particle size for each dry chemical—that is, the maximum size which completely decomposes or vaporizes in the flame—is independent of flame size for the systems studied. We broaden and apply the concept of latent or maximum effectiveness2,3 to pan fires of all sizes. Finally, we describe and characterize an aerodynamic effect in the transport of powders, where large particles with their higher momentum entrain and drag smaller, more effective particles into the flame. We also show that extinction curves, involving the ratio of real-to-latent extinction weight and the proportion of small to large particles, have predictable shapes and predictable quantitative levels for most dry chemicals. We have developed the real-to-latent concept along with scaling equations for agent mixtures and for a wide spectrum of agents and particle sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305266
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating firefighting foams for aviation fire protection (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 224-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: foam ; AFFF ; test standards ; small-scale fire tests ; hydrocarbon fuel fires ; aviation fire protection ; aircraft rescue and firefighting ; spreading coefficient ; surface tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The proliferation of performance guidelines and specifications for firefighting foams has created divergent opinions on aviation fire protection standards. In this paper the technical basis for current U.S. and international aviation guidelines is presented. Issues associated with small- and large-scale fire tests are discussed. The correlation between fire test methods in theU.S. Military Specification for aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) and current aviation fire protection guidelines is established. Trends and areas for further development are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039193
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magic numbers and golden rules (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The application of fire safety research using engineering methods is frustrated by conventional attitudes. The desire of researchers to always achieve a greater level of understanding means that they cannot recognize that satisfactory engineering solutions may be achieved with partial information. The desire of regulators to have simple rules and tests for administrative convenience contrasts with the need of designers to have maximum flexibility in order to arrive at optimum solutions. The magic numbers embodied in regulations are accepted without question, while any engineering solution is subject to a disproportionately high standard of proof. To move forward, rules need to have an engineering basis and to be goal-related: The purpose of the rules needs to be understood by both researchers and regulators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305269
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on CALFIRE (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 84-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305270
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News and meetings (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305272
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire safety decision making (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 97-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040707
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of signature patterns for discriminating fire detection with multiple sensors (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 120-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Incorporating intelligence into a fire detector so that it can recognize signature patterns is intended to permit prompt fire detection while allowing the detector to discriminate between signatures from fire and nonfire sources. The primary purpose of this preliminary study is to investigate the patterns of signatures associated with fire and environmental sources using small-scale experiments. We generated products from a wide range of conditions, from flaming or pyrolyzing samples, to heated samples and samples obtained with an atomizer. We also measured gas concentrations, light obscuration, and temperature to characterize the products. By analyzing the data, we identified trends from which an elementary expert system can be formulated to identify the source of the airborne products. Several patterns are evident. The maximum CO2 concentrations achieved during experiments with flaming fires are significantly greater than the maximum CO2 concentrations achieved during experiments with nonflaming fires (pyrolyzing fires, heated liquids, and environmental odors). The nonflaming sources can be identified based on the CO and metal oxide sensor peak measurements. Except for three experiments using pyrolyzing solids, the peak CO concentration is greater—though the Taguchi detector response is less—for nonflaming fires than for environmental sources. Subsequent application of a neural network properly classifies all except one pyrolyzing fire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040709
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and velocity correlations in room fires for estimating sprinkler actuation times (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 137-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Automatic sprinklers are increasingly used in residential occupancies to provide active fire protection. These sprinklers, known as quick response and residential sprinklers, may be located either at the ceiling (pendent-style) or on a wall (sidewall-style). Though several fire models are available for estimating actuation times for sprinklers located under unobstructed ceilings, these use engineering correlations that do not apply to residential-sized rooms. Thus, data are needed for estimating sprinkler actuation times for residential occupancies. This paper reports on fire tests that were conducted in various sized rooms to obtain temperature and velocity data for 73 kW, 100 kW, and 147 kW fires. The data were then used to develop nondimensional correlations for temperature and velocity at the sprinkler locations. The temperature data revealed a significant temperature transient in the hot gas layer, and thus a nondimensional correlation describing the transient phenomenon was developed. These correlations compared reasonably well with experimental data, and they were used to estimate the sprinkler actuation times. The estimates were in reasonable agreement for the pendent sprinkler, except for the smallest fire in a 4.27 m by 4.27 m occupancy. The estimates for sidewall sprinkler acuation were significantly lower than experimental values. This may have been due to the sprinklers' heat losses, which were not accounted for in the calculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040710
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on Wickström's "The Plate Thermometer—A Simple Instrument for Reaching Harmonized Resistance Tests" (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305271
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing fire risk onboard offshore platforms: Lessons from Piper Alpha and probabilistic assessment of risk reduction measures (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 99-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The offshore oil platform Piper Alpha was destroyed in July 1988 by a catastrophic fire. The causes of the accident included a combination of technical and organizational factors. In this paper, I describe the accident, its chronology, and the dependencies involved. I then examine some of the human errors that led to the disaster and their organizational roots, such as economic pressures, the permit-to-work system, and the inadequacy of regulatory oversight in the United Kingdom at the time of the accident. Risk-reduction measures can be costly, however, and priorities must be set based on costs and benefits. To this end, I describe a probabilistic risk analysis model that can be used to assess the benefits of different fire safety measures, focusing on reinforcing the emergency water pumps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040708
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating building fire safety through egress prediction: A standard application in Japan (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 158-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: crowd movement ; human flow ; fire safety ; egress ; egress prediction ; evacuation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Egress calculation, or predicting human flow during egress, is widely applied in Japan using a standardized method for evaluating the fire safety of building plans. This paper illustrates the methods involved in egress calculation using concrete examples and a sample plan. The egress calculation plays an important role in evaluating building plans and in complementing existing fire regulations. However, further investigation needs to be done into human behavior and how it factors into egress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040711
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire safety research in microgravity: How to detect smoke and flames you cannot see (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 175-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Fire ; safety ; microgravity ; fire detection ; suppression ; fire experiment ; parabolic flight ; AFFF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Any design requiring the application of technology contains a challenge to achieve a safe design. Manned space flight requires the highest degree of attention to crew safety, thus understanding and recognizing all potential risks involved. An important area of concern is establishing design criteria for a reliable fire detection and suppression system. This has been a main target when designing the European pressurized manned module “Columbus Attached Laboratory” as part of the international space station. This paper describes experiments performed to investigate the behavior of fires and the fluid dynamics of suppression agents in microgravity by means of parabolic flight maneuvers as an aid for the development of a design of a fire detection and suppression system for the manned Columbus Attached Laboratory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040712
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcing......the winners of the 1995 Harry C. Bigglestone Award (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040715
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Russian fire statistics (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 186-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040713
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extinguishing Class A fires with multipurpose chemicals (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the extinguishing properties of multipurpose dry chemicals using openregime cribs of two sizes. One measured 20.3 by 20.3 by 15.2 cm, and the other 50.8 by 50.8 by 38 cm. A crib fire, which has both flaming and smoldering contributions, is primarily extinguished when the burning surfaces are covered or smothered by a gas phase of the original multipurpose agent or a product of the agent's decomposition. The overall effectiveness of each dry chemical depends on its particle size, the degree of its decomposition and/or vaporization, and the openness of the crib. All particles of an agent below a unique limiting size completely decompose and/or vaporize in the crib fire and have the same extinguishing effectiveness. Particles above the limit have no measurable effectiveness. Scaling is considered on the basis of the minimum extinction weight per unit of exposed wood surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039191
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News and meetings (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040714
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fuzzy fire safety (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 193-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039190
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of videotaped peer modeling in the acquisition of emergency coping skills: Active versus passive strategies (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 212-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Fifty-two third-grade children were assessed for the relative effectiveness of active and passive training in acquiring emergency coping skills. Active training consisted of videotaped modeling, plus rehearsal with feedback and reinforcement. Passive training consisted of videotaped modeling and passive rehearsal. Behavioral and self-report measures were assessed at pretest, at post-test, and 5 months after the training. Experimental groups showed significant behavioral acquisition: those that received active training demonstrated significantly greater acquisition than those that received passive training. All groups showed significant reductions in self-reported fear, with no differences among groups. Experimental groups demonstrated significant rationale acquistion relative to controls. Training did not affect self-efficacy ratings or blood pressure. Theoretical and practical implications of active training in coping with stressful situations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039192
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Review (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 276-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039196
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probability-based building design for fire safety: Part 1 (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This paper proposes a probability-based methodology for designing fire-safe buildings for property and lives. It is suggested that the performance of passive safety measures, taken in total and including building design and active devices such as sprinklers, should be assessed in terms of probable area damage and fatality rate per fire. Acceptable levels specified for area damage and fatality rate will provide design values for means of escape facilities, fire resistance and size of compartments, and other passive measures. Subject to these levels, the building's design can be altered, depending on active fire protection measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039195
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News and meetings (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039198
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Science and engineering come together at ICFRE (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 289-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039321
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probability-based building design for fire safety: Part 2 (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 355-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039325
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Software review (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 369-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039326
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News and meetings (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 375-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039328
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A first approximation method for smoke detector placement based on design fire size, critical velocity, and detector aerosol entry lag time (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 336-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Smoke detector ; spacing ; design method ; critical velocity ; performance based design ; lag time ; smoke flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract An analog light-scattering-type smoke detector was tested in a wind tunnel at various low velocities. The air flow in the wind tunnel contained an aerosol concentration that resulted in a high ambient optical density, simulating smoke well above threshold optical detector density. The objective of this research was to determine the lag time to alarm, Δt, associated with difficulty of smoke entry into a detector. A “critical velocity” was identified for the smoke detector, below which the lag time increased exponentially with decreasing velocity. Increased lag time results in the detector responding unacceptably late—or not at all—even when ambient obscuration is well above limits defined in UL standard tests. A preliminary method for placing smoke detectors has been developed, based on a user-defined design fire size and the detector aerosol-entry lag time. The preliminary method applies only to flaming fires producing smoke, with the detector far from a wall and mounted on smooth ceilings. The critical velocity value used in the examples in this paper applies only to the smoke detector configuration tested in this work, at the evaluated sensitivity setting, with the optical densities reached using the generated artificial smoke. Any variation in detector housing, design, operation principle, or application with different aerosols requires specific tests to determine a different critical velocity. This paper provides the basis for further development of a smoke detector placement method based on a design fire size and the proposed detector critical velocity concept. It does not presume to report a unique “critical velocity” for all smoke detectors, but suggests that such a value may indeed exist, but with differing values among different smoke detectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039324
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray structure of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxathiazol-2-one (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Oxathiazolone ; structure ; nitrile sulfide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The X-ray crystal structure of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxathiazol-2-one has been determined. Colorless, regular plate shaped crystals of C8H5O2NS crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n (#14) with cell dimensionsa=11·161(8),b=7·1470(20),c=19·864(15) Å and β=99·77(4)°;V=1561·5(17) Å3 andZ=8.1725 unique reflections withl net〉2.5σ(l) on refinement afforded values ofR=0.054 andR w=0.049.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666190
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Future contributions to Journal of Chemical Crystallography (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666194
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper(I) nitrate π-complexation: Synthesis and crystal structure of [(CH2=CH−CH2)2NH2][Cu(NO3)2] compound (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 621-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Structure ; copper(I) nitrate ; π-complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract By means of alternating current electrochemical synthesis, triclinic crystals of [(C3H5)2NH2][Cu(NO3)2] π-complex were obtained: space group $$P\bar 1$$ ,a=7.218(2),b=7.536(2),c=10.231 (3) Å, α=74.75(3), β=82.47(3), γ.=77.22(3)°, andD meas=1.80(1)g cm−3 forZ=2. The structure consists of diallylammonium cations which form two π-coordinate bonds to the same copper atom. Oxygen atoms from NO3-anions complete the trigonal pyramidal metal environment. The coordinated C=C bonds are lengthened to 1.349(5) and 1.369(5) Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665966
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Index abstracts (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 615-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665965
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, characterization, and X-ray crystal structure of tris(1,10-phenanthroline)nickel(II) perchlorate hemihydrate (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 629-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Phenanthroline complexes ; polymorphism ; racemization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound was synthesized and characterized by conventional methods and its X-ray crystal structure was determined. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with eight formula units in a cell of dimensions:a=36.714(4),b=15.746(2),c=12.337(2) Å; β=102.9(1)°. The structure is built up by alternate layers of octahedral [Ni(phen)3]2+ cations and perchlorate anions with water molecules which run in the direction of thea axis nearly parallel to thebc plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665968
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and base promoted intramolecular nucleophilic reaction of 8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-9,9-dimethoxy-1α,4α,4aα,6,7,8β,8aα-hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene-5(1H)-one (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 641-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Crystal structures ; hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene ; reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Catalytic hydrogenation of two substituted hexahydro-1,4-dimethanonaphthalene-5,8-diones results in reduction of the enedione carbon-carbon double bond with concomitant reduction of only one of the two chemically equivalent C=O groups. Reaction of one partially reduced product with base results in intramolecular addition to the carbon-carbon double bond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665970
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diastereoisomers of a prednisolone derivative (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 677-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Steroids ; pregnadiene ; hydroxyprednisolone acetals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of two synthetic corticosteroid diastereoisomers were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. (22R)-21-acetoxy-16α,17α-furfurylidenedioxy-11β-hydroxy-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, C28H32O8, crystallized in the orthorhombic system, space group P212121,a=6.346(1),b=14.106(2),c=27.901(3) Å, andZ=4. (22S)-21-acetoxy-16α, 17α-furfurylidenedioxy-11β-hydroxy-5 pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione ethanolate, C28H32O8 ·C2H5OH, crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group C2,a=20.382(5),b=8.331(1),c=17.346(4)Å, β=103.43(2)°, andZ=4. A change of configuration at the C(22) chirality center has influence on the remote parts of the molecules. The long-range effects appear in the ability to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds by different atoms and consequently in the solvation of the (S) diastereoisomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665975
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Future contributions to Journal of Chemical Crystallography (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 701-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665978
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Index abstracts (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 707-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01670322
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of tri-μ-carbonyl-pentacarbonyl {diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine-(P,N)} bis {diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine-(P)} tetrairidium (0), [Ir4(CO)8(PPh2pyl)3] (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 717-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: X-ray structure ; iridium complexes ; pyridylphosphine ligands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the title tetranuclear cluster, C59H42N3O8P3Ir4, was determined by X-ray analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupC2/c. The unit cell parameters are:a =47.277(6),b=10.519(3),c=23.025(4) Å, β=105.77(1)°. The iridium atoms form a nearly regular tetrahedron. Between Ir4 and N336 atoms exists a relatively strong bond, thus one of the phosphine ligands is bridging one coordinatingvia P and N atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01670324
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Network hydrogen bonding in two new cocrystals sustained by 731-1731-1731-1, a tetrahedral hydrogen bond donor (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 731-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Crystal engineering ; hydrogen bonding ; acetonitrile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report details of the synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of two new cocrystals that are sustained by the tetrahedral hydrogen bond donor [Mn(CO)3(μ3-OH)]4. [Mn(CO)3(μ3-OH)]4· 2(2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine)·2H2O·2MeCN,a=21.503(3),b=12.674(1),c=17.318(2), β=102.15(2), C2/c,D calc=1.46 mg/m3,Z=4,4188 observed reflns,R f=0.047,R w=0.040; 1.[Mn(CO)3(μ3-OH)]4·4,4′-dipyridyl·2MeCn,a=16.942(6),b=12.395(2),c=18.790(6), β=114.88(3), C 2/c,D calc=1.60 mg/m3,Z=4,2430 observed reflns,R f=0.043,R w=0.051;2. 1 crystallizes as a 2-D grid, whereas2 forms 1-D strands. The hydrogen bond patterns exhibited by1 and2 are analyzed in the context of our earlier studies involving [Mn(CO)3(μ3-OH)]4 and other relevant literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01670326
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of 751-1751-1751-1751-2751-2751-2 (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 751-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cationic iron complex ; iron phosphine complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ (No. 2) witha=10.818(1)Å,b=10.876(1)Å,c=11.072(2)Å, α=98.74(1)°, β=98.83(1)°, γ=96.61(1)°,V=125906(3)Å3 andZ=2. Interatomic distances include Fe−P=2.243(2)Å, Fe−CO=1.771(6)–1.781(5)Å, Fe−C(C5H5)=2.074(6)–2.103(5)Å and P−F=1.511(6)–1.571(4)Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01670330
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...