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  • Articles  (1,469)
  • Other Sources
  • American Geophysical Union  (1,427)
  • Munksgaard International Publishers
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (1,469)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1995  (1,469)
  • Physics  (1,102)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (367)
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  • Articles  (1,469)
  • Other Sources
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (1,469)
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: There is a growing concern about indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools. We have studied relations between subjective indoor air quality (SIAQ) and measured IAQ among school personnel (N = 97) in six mid-Swedish primary schools. Information on SIAQ and the psychosocial work environment was measured by a self-administered questionnaire, using analogue rating scales. Indoor exposures were quantified by hygienic measurements. Perception of high room temperature was related to a poor climate of cooperation, fleecy wall materials, and the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOC), including xylene, limonene, and butanols. Perception of air dry-ness was related to atopy, work stress, poor climate of cooperation, high room temperature, low air humidity, and high VOC concentration, including, limonene, and n-alkanes. Perception of dusty air was related to work stress, the role of schoolteacher, and exposure to 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. No relations were found between SIAQ and CO2, building age, or respirable dust. To achieve a good SIAQ, room temperature should be kept at a maximum of 22°C, and exposure to VOCs and fleecy materials should be minimized. Finally, a sound psychosocial work climate is essential for the perception of a good physical indoor climate.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: Tracer gas studies were conducted around four model houses in a wind tunnel, and around one house in the field, to quantify re-entrainment and dispersion of exhaust gases released from residential indoor radon reduction systems. Re-entrainment tests in the field suggest that active soil depressurization systems exhausting at grade level can contribute indoor radon concentrations 3 to 9 times greater than systems exhausting at the eave. With a high exhaust concentration of 37,000 Bq/m3, the indoor contribution from eave exhaust re-entrainment may be only 20% to 70% of the national average ambient level in the U.S. (about 14 Bq/m3), while grade-level exhaust may contribute 1.8 times the ambient average. The grade-level contribution would drop to only 0.18 times ambient if the exhaust were 3,700 Bq/m3. Wind tunnel tests of exhaust dispersion outdoors suggest that grade-level exhaust can contribute mean concentrations beside houses averaging 7 times greater than exhaust at the eave, and 25 to 50 times greater than exhaust midway up the roof slope. With 37,000 Bq/m3 in the exhaust, the highest mean concentrations beside the house could be less than or equal to the ambient background level with eave and mid-roof exhausts, and 2 to 7 times greater than ambient with grade exhausts.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this study was to compare measured indoor air concentrations of toluene, from an adhesive used in installing floor tiles, with concentrations estimated from a multi-chamber indoor air quality model. Measurements of toluene emissions from floor adhesive with and without tiles covering the adhesive were made using a small chamber. Emission data from the chamber measurements were used as input to the indoor air quality model. The modeling results were compared with concentrations of toluene measured in a research house when adhesive was applied in a bedroom of the house. Three zones of the house were defined for modeling purposes-the bedroom in which the adhesive was applied, the remainder of the upstairs area, and the downstairs area. Zone-specific volumes and infiltration/exfiltration and interzonal airflows measured during and after adhesive application were also used as model inputs. Relatively good correspondence between measured and model concentrations was obtained, particularly in the bedroom where the adhesive was applied. Modeled concentrations were fairly sensitive to the input matrix of airflow rates.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: 100 drivers aged 23-65, 53 male and 47 female, were recruited to drive an apparently unmodified passenger car for one hour in city traffic. They were randomly assigned either to a control condition, or to ionised air containing 20 000-30 000 negative ions/ml, but were unaware of the presence of an ioniser in the vehicle. A computer initiated unprepared signals to which drivers should normally be alert. Drivers responded by pressing a foot-switch and reporting verbally. Signals were selected at random from 21 possible signals, and were presented for up to 3 minutes, with a random delay of 30-180 seconds after each response or failure to respond. Subjects reported subjective symptom intensity by marking a set of 11 visual-analogue scales. Eye symptoms were alleviated by ionisation for subjects aged 〈 40 years (P〈0.05), but older female subjects experienced more eye discomfort, headache and fatigue in the ionisation condition (P 〈 0.05). Detection of 10 of the 21 signals was better (P 〈 0.05, 2-tail) in the ionisation condition. The effect was more often significant in the second half-hour, for subjects 〈 40 years, and for women. A significant negative effect (P 〈 0.05) was observed for the signal indicating speed below true speed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: The propensity of various types of home humidifiers to support and disseminate microbial contaminants into indoor air was tested. Reservoir water and air discharged from humidifiers seeded in the laboratory or naturally contaminated in the home were analyzed by standard microbiological methods. Clinically insignificant as well as overt or potentially pathogenic microorganisms were found to colonize the reservoirs of all types of humidifiers, but only cool mist and ultrasonic units readily aerosolized bacteria and endotoxin. Only cool mist units emitted hydrophobic fungal spores. Cool mist units discharged the greatest number of water particles in the inhalabk size range (4–16 μm) while ultrasonic units were more likely to emit respirable-sized water particles (〈 0.2–4 μm). Overt pathogens isolated from humidifiers in homes included Legionella and a pathogenic Acanthamoeba. Aerosolizing humidifiers should thus be avoided if frequent, thorough cleaning of the units is not practical.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: The role of ventilation in the housing stock is to provide fresh air and to dilute internally generated pollutants in order to assure adequate indoor air quality. Blower doors are used to measure the air tightness and air leakage of building envelopes. As existing dwellings in the United States are ventilated primarily through leaks in the building shell (i.e., infiltration) rather than by whole-house mechanical ventilation systems, accurate understanding of the uses of blower-door data is critical Blower doors can be used to answer the following questions:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉•What is the Construction Quality of the Building Envelope?•Where are the Air Leakage Pathways?•How Tight is the Building?•How Much Ventilation Does the Air Leakage Supply?•How Much Energy Does the Air Leakage Lose?•Is this Building Too Tight?•Is this. Building Too Loose?•When Should Mechanical Ventilation be Considered?Various ASHRAE Standards (e.g., 62, 119, and 136) are used to determine acceptable ventilation levels and energy requirements.
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