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  • Articles  (38)
  • taxonomy
  • Springer  (38)
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2020-2023
  • 1995-1999  (38)
  • 1995  (38)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wild potato (Solanum sect.Petota) germplasm collecting expedition to Mexico in 1993, with special reference toSolanum bulbocastanum Dunal andS. cardiophyllum Lindley (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: subspecies ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A joint Mexico/United States expedition collected wild potato (Solanum sect.Petota) germplasm in Mexico between August 1–31, 1993. The purpose of the expedition was to expand germplasm and herbarium collections ofS. bulbocastanum andS. cardiophyllum. Collections were made from west-central to southern Mexico, and comprised 19 true seed and 37 tuber collections (45 collections in total) of 9 species and two putative natural hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358068
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atkinsiella dubia and its related species (1995)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 36 (1995), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Atkinsiella dubia ; Halocrusticida ; Japan ; marine fungus ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Atkinsiella dubia, isolated from the mantle of abalone (Haliotis sieboldii), is described and illustrated as a new record from Japan. The fungus was also obtained from the gills of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Six other species of the genusAtkinsiella have hitherto been reported from various aquatic animals. The fungus is distinguished from the other six species by the morphology of its mycelia and the process of zoospore production. The most distinctive feature is that zoospores in the first motile stage ofA. dubia encyst in zoosporangia, unlike the other species. We therefore proposeHalocrusticida gen. nov. (Lagenidiales, Haliphthoraceae) for the other six species ofAtkinsiella. A key to species of the genusHalocrusticida is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268628
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic seed albumin patterns and species relationships inVicia sect.Faba (Fabaceae) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 198 (1995), S. 179-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Vicia sect.Faba ; Electrophoresis ; seed albumins ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic analysis of seed albumins (PAGE) covered 173 accessions representing nine species ofVicia sect.Faba. The number of albumin bands recorded in particular species varied from three inV. eristaloides to 23 inV. faba; in total, 38 bands were distinguished in the investigated material. The examined species, exceptV. eristalioides, showed intraspecific variation with respect to the number and relative staining intensity of albumin bands; individual variation was especially marked inV. faba and inV. narbonensis. Hierarchical clustering of the investigated taxa was based onBhattacharyya distances calculated from the electrophoretic data. The taxa grouped in three main clusters.Vicia faba and the rather remotely relatedV. kalakhensis formed one cluster. The second cluster was composed ofV. narbonensis distantly related toV. hyaeniscyamus. The third cluster comprised three subgroups: 1.V. johannis, V. galilaea andV. serratifolia, 2.V. eristalioides, and 3.V. bithynica. The obtained results are discussed with reference to taxonomic relationships inVicia sect.Faba.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984736
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematics, biological knowledge and environmental conservation (1995)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 4 (1995), S. 183-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: biological collections ; conservation ; biodiversity information ; phylogenetic systematics ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Systematics and taxonomy are essential: they respectively elucidate life's history, and organize and verify biological knowledge. This knowledge is built of interrelated concepts which are ultimately accounted for by biological specimens. Such knowledge is essential to decide how much and what biodiversity survives human onslaughts. The preservation of specimens in natural history collections is the essential part of the process which builds and maintains biological knowledge. These collections and the human expertise essential to interpret specimens are the taxonomic resources which maintain accurate and verifiable concepts of biological entities. Present and future knowledge of the complexities and diversity of the biosphere depends on the integrity of taxonomic resources, vet widespread ignorance and disregard for their fundamental value has created a global crisis. Preservation of specimens in natural history collections is chronically neglected and support to study and manage collections is very insufficient. The knowledge held by experienced taxonomists is not being passed on to younger recruits. Neglect of collections has destroyed countless specimens and threatens millions more. These threats to taxonomic resources not only impinge on systematics but all biology: this tragedy jeopardizes the integrity of biological knowledge. The consequences for environmental conservation and therefore humanity are also of dire severity and the biodiversity crisis adds unprecedented weight to the barely recognized crisis in taxonomy and systematics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137784
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The definitions of species and clade names: A reply to Ghiselin (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 10 (1995), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: Clade ; class ; definition ; defining property ; individual ; intension ; name ; organism ; ostensive definition ; species ; taxon ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00852247
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leptepsilonema santii sp.n. from Spain and data on the variability ofL. filiforme (Nemata, Epsilonematidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 310 (1995), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: marine nematodes ; Epsilonematidae ; Leptepsilonema ; taxonomy ; new species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genusLeptepsilonema is recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean:L. santii sp.n. is characterised by a slender body with a large number of annules (122–128). Cuticular ornamentation with clear ridges and a lateral field of small thorns on both sides of the anteriormost annules are also typical as well as the number and arrangement of copulatory thorns (2–3 pairs, 2 fields), the shape and length (49–58 µm) of spicules in males.L. filiforme is recorded from New Caledonia; specimens largely resemble the original types but are larger. The variability of some morphological structures is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008185
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anostraca of the Indian Subcontinent (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 298 (1995), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: India ; Pakistan ; Sri Lanka ; species richness ; taxonomy ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There are 15 species of Anostraca belonging to 6 genera on the Indian Subcontinent. These are:Artemia sp. (reportedly a bisexual form of undetermined species);Artemia parthenogenetica Bowen & Sterling, 1978;Branchinecta orientalis Sars, 1901;Branchinella hardingi (Qadri & Baqai, 1956);Branchinella kugenumaensis (Ishikawa, 1895);Branchinella ornata Daday, 1910;Branchipodopsis acanthopenes (Malhotra & Duda, 1970);Branchipodopsis affinis Sars, 1901;Branchipus schaefferi Fischer, 1834;Chirocephalus priscus (Daday, 1910);Streptocephalus dichotomus Baird, 1860;Streptocephalus echinus Bond, 1934;Streptocephalus longimanus Bond, 1934;Streptocephalus simplex Gurney, 1906;Streptocephalus spinifer Gurney, 1906. Comparing numbers of species for southern India with other reasonably well studied areas, demonstrated that anostracan species richness is higher in the climatically more varied temperate regions than it is in the more uniform tropics. Tropical South India has six species compared to 13 in Arizona (USA), 19 in California (USA), 10 in Morocco, and 14 in Italy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033823
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the presence of the genusTanymastix Simon, 1886 (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Macedonia (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 298 (1995), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Tanymastix ; Anostraca ; taxonomy ; zoogeography ; Macedonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genusTanymastix Simon, 1886 is represented in Macedonia by two species:Tanymastix stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) andTanymastix motasi Orghidan, 1945. The fairy shrimpT. stagnalis has been found exclusively in the rock pools containing only several litres of water, above the village of Stracin, N. E. Macedonia.T. motasi is present only in the shallow rainpools, less than 15 cm in depth, scattered over an area of untilled, highly-mineralized pasture land in the Pelagonia Plain, S. W. Macedonia. BothTanymastix species are the only anostracans in their biotopes. In Stracin, all the neighbouring rain pools in soil substrat are occupied byChirocephalus diaphanus carinatus (Daday, 1910). In Pelagonia, the deeper water bodies are generally inhabited byChirocephalus pelagonicus Petkovski, 1986 andChirocephalus diaphanus carinatus (Daday, 1910). On the basis of abundant material of both species, a detailed study of essential morphological characters has been carried out and comparisions with data given in the literature have been made. InT. stagnalis, aberrant morphological features were not ascertained. InT. motasi, the originaldescription of the species, hitherto known only for the Giurgiu Region in Rumania, is supplemented by additional diagnostic characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033825
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    A new and phylogenetically suggestive morphotype ofKeratella lenzi (Rotifer, Monogononta), from Argentina (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 299 (1995), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Keratella ; Rotifera ; taxonomy ; polymorphism ; lateral antennae ; South America
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphological characteristics ofKeratella lenzi (f.ayui) f. nov. and the phylogenetic and ecological implications of the appearance of posterolateral spines inK. lenzi Hauer, 1953 are discussed. The morphotype is described after detailed observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with otherKeratella species of the superspecies ‘valga’. The pores of the lateral antennae are described, and proposed as a new character for future comparative research. Some ecological information is also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00767332
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Achilaophonte maxima gen.n., spec.n., a new taxon of the Laophontidae (Copepoda, harpacticoida) from the high Antartic (Weddell Sea) (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 302 (1995), S. 241-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Antartica ; Weddell Sea ; new genus ; Archilaophonte maxima ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Male and female of a new genus and species of the family Laophontidae, Archilaophonte maxima, are described. The specimen was found in the high Antartic (Weddell Sea) and apprears to be the most primitive genus up to now within the superfamily Laophontoidea as defined by Huys (1990). Based on its setation of legs and mouth parts, however, it can be placed unequivocally into the family Laophontidae. Archilaophonte maxima gen. n. shows close affinities to the laophontid genus Esola Edwards 1891. Both genera form a monophyletic group which is interpreted here as the first and most primitive offshot in the evolution of the Laophontidae. The synapomorphies of the former lineage are the shape of the protopodite of the P1 and shape and setation of the female P5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032113
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Additions to the rotifer fauna of south-east Asia: new and rare species from north-east Thailand (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 313-314 (1995), S. 35-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; zoogeography ; Thailand ; taxonomy ; B. niwati n.sp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ninety-three freshwater habitats in the north-eastern part of Thailand were surveyed for rotifers during March–October 1993. Two hundred species were identified, 120 of which are new to Thailand. Brachionus africanuss Segers, B. lyratus Shephard and Trichocerca hollaerti De Smet are new to Asia. Brachionus niwati n.sp. is described and figured. Brachionus donneri Brehm, Keratella edmondsoni (Ahlstrom) and Lecane blachei Berziņš, endemic to south and southeast Asia, were found also. Comments are presented on some insufficiently known taxa. Of special zoogeographic interest is the record of several species previously considered endemic to Australia. An attempt is made to characterise the Thai rotifer fauna in the light of recent developments in rotifer zoogeography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025929
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Keratella mexicana sp. nov., a new planktonic rotifer from Aguascalientes, Mexico (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 310 (1995), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Keratella ; taxonomy ; morphology ; Rotifera ; Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of Keratella is described from a small reservoir in Aguascalientes, Mexico. The species appears related to K. slacki Bērziņčss, 1963 and K. lenzi Hauer, 1953.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015530
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    A revision of the Simocephalus (latirostris) species group (Crustacea: Anomopoda: Daphniidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 316 (1995), S. 43-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Daphniidae ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; Simocephalus latirostris ; S. lusaticus ; S. mesorostris sp. n. ; S. (Aquipiculus) subgen. n
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The group of 3 species: Simocephalus latirostris, S. lusaticus and a new species, S. mesorostris, is given the rank of a subgenus. Descriptions and a key for the identification of these species are given. The unknown male of S. latirostris is described. The comparison of the lectotype of S. latitrostis with material from different regions shows that this species is not pantropical as previously supposed. It occurs only in South and Central America. S. mesorostris n. sp., living in Australia, the Malay Archipelago, South-East Asia and Africa, was previously confused with S. latirostris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019374
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  • 14
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    The late Cenozoic ampullariidae (mollusca, gastropoda) of the Albertine Rift Valley (Uganda-Zaire) (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 316 (1995), S. 1-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Africa ; autapomorphic characters ; convergence ; evolution ; freshwaters snails ; Lanistes ; Mollusca ; palaeolimnology ; palaeontology ; Pila ; predator/prey coevolution ; riftlakes ; taxonomy ; punctuated equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Albertine Rift Valley (Uganda-Zaire) contains vast sedimentary sequences of late Cenozoic age. They were deposited in an extensive riftlake, Lake Obweruka, which existed from c. 8 Ma to 2.5 Ma and was comparable in size and depth to the present L. Tanganyika. Many freshwater molluscs that occur in these lacustrine deposits are characterised by their aberrant shell morphology, their extreme ornamentation and general form, making them resemble marine species. This convergence, rare in freshwater molluscs, is called thalassoidism and extreme ornamentation in marine as well as in freshwater molluscs is considered to be the result of a gradual process of prey/predator coevolution. In the present paper the Albertine representants of the ampullariid genera Lanistes and Pila, most of which are new to science, are taxonomically described and their phylogenetic relation, based upon apomorphic characters, is given. In addition the evolutionary history of these freshwater snails in the basin has been reconstructed. In the pre-riftlake environment 3 species of Lanistes occurred, with no special shell adaptations against predation. After the formation of a riftlake, 2 of these, colonising the new lacustrine ecospace, changed morphologically and radiated. The 3 derived lines show minor adaptations against predation. After the extinction of the dominant Lanistes species group around 6 Ma, the sole surviving lacustrine Lanistes suddenly radiates, the ancestral line persisting next to the 3 new daughter lines. This second morphological shift is spectacular as it produces shells with distinct thalassoid features. All the Lanistes species of L. Obweruka became extinct during a cataclysmic event around 4.5 Ma. Populations of the genus Pila colonised lacustrine habitats after this event, the derived form also showing striking thalassoid characters. There is no doubt that the intense morphological change occurred during a brief period, geologically speaking. The degree of morphological change in molluscs appears hence not to be linked with time. After the sudden radiation all lineages remain morphologically stable until they became extinct c. 1 Ma later. This pattern corresponds to the punctuated equilibrium model. Other groups (viviparids, thiarids) show more gradual changes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019372
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  • 15
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    Comparative study of seed albumins in the Old-WorldLupinus species (Fabaceae) by reversed-phase HPLC (1995)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 195 (1995), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Lupinus ; Lupins ; 2S albumins ; conglutin δ ; RP-HPLC ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed albumins and 2S proteins isolated from the albumin fraction of 36 accessions representing 10 Old-WorldLupinus species (5 smooth- and 5 rough-seeded) were studied using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the globulin fraction was analyzed to determine its 2S protein content. The performed separations showed the suitability of RP-HPLC technique in the analysis of variation of the seed albumin composition in lupins. In the group of rough-seeded lupins, 3 types of RP-HPLC elution profiles of albumins were distinguished: (1)L. atlanticus, (2)L. cosentinii andL. digitatus, (3)L. palaestinus andL. pilosus. All the species of this group were found to have proteins not observed in smooth-seeded species. Smooth-seeded species exhibited more abundant protein spectra, each species distinguishing by its specific RP-HPLC elution profile. It was found that 2S proteins classified as 2S albumins were responsible for the observed variation. Depending onLupinus species, the 2S albumin class consists of two to six proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982317
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  • 16
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    Systematics ofAbrotanella, an Amphi-pacific genus ofAsteraceae (Senecioneae) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 197 (1995), S. 149-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Asteraceae ; Senecioneae ; Blennospermatinae ; Abrotanella ; Revision ; morphology ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The amphi-pacific genusAbrotanella (Gaudich.)Cass. of the southern hemisphere in theAsteraceae (Senecioneae, Blennospermatinae) is revised and 18 species are recognized. Three new species are described:A. fertilis Swenson from New Zealand,A. purpurea Swenson andA. trilobata Swenson from southern South America. The sexual function of central florets, perfect or functionally male, floret vascular pattern, and internal secretory spaces in the phyllaries are shown to be taxonomically informative for the circumscription of the species. Central without marginal vascular tissue in the lobes of florets, a unique pattern forAsteraceae, is reported. A diagnostic key, line drawings, descriptions, and distribution maps are supplied for all species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984638
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  • 17
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    Neoschumannia (includingSwynnertonia), a primitive genus of theAsclepiadaceae-Stapelieae (1995)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 197 (1995), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Asclepiadaceae ; Stapelieae ; Ceropegiinae ; Brachystelma ; Caralluma ; Ceropegia ; Neoschumannia ; Swynnertonia ; Morphology ; taxonomy ; Flora of East Africa ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of the West AfricanNeoschumannia Schltr. and the East AfricanSwynnertonia S. Moore reveals that the two monotypic genera must be united.Swynnertonia is sunk into synonymy ofNeoschumannia and the new combinationNeoschumannia cardinea (S. Moore)Meve is made for the East African species.Neoschumannia is shown to belong to the tribeStapelieae. The taxon exhibits a very unusual character combination: the growth form of a woody liana is combined with a tripartite corona unique within theAsclepiadaceae. The morphology of the corona suggests a position ofNeoschumannia close to the base of theStapelieae —Ceropegiinae alliance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984642
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  • 18
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    Manipulation of rhizobia microflora for improving legume productivity and soil fertility: A critical assessment (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 174 (1995), S. 143-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azorhizobium ; Bradyrhizobium ; inoculation ; legumes ; N2 fixation ; nodulation ; rhizobial ecology ; Rhizobium ; symbiosis ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Inputs of biologically fixed nitrogen derived from the symbiotic relationship between legumes and their root-nodule bacteria into terrestrial ecosystems amount to at least 70 million metric tons per year. It is obvious that this enormous quantity will need to be augmented as the world's population increases and as the natural resources that supply fertilizer nitrogen diminish. This objective will be achieved through the development of superior legume varieties, improvement in agronomic practice, and increased efficiency of the nitrogen fixation process itself by better management of the symbiotic relationship between plant and bacteria. This paper considers ways and means by which populations of root-nodule bacteria, established and introduced, can be manipulated ecologically, agronomically, edaphically and genetically to improve legume productivity and, as a consequence, soil fertility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032245
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  • 19
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    Plathelminthes or Platyhelminthes? (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 305 (1995), S. 1-2 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Plathelminthes ; Platyhelminthes ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036354
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  • 20
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    Two new species ofHalicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from the Amazon Basin, Brazil (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 315 (1995), S. 167-175 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; Copepoda ; Cyclopidae ; Halicyclops ; Amazonian Fauna ; Brazil ; freshwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two new species ofHalicyclops are described from plankton samples taken in two localities in the Amazon River mouth area, State of Pará, Brazil.Halicyclops lindbergi sp.n. resemblesH. hurlberti andH. clarkei from which it differs by a combination of characters in leg 5, the anal pseudoperculum and the caudal rami. The other new species,H. dussarti, is most morphologically similar toH. pilosus, but they are separated by differences in legs 1 and 5 as well as in the ornamentation of the middle caudal setae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051947
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  • 21
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    Geographical distribution of Phagocata vivida in the Far East (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 305 (1995), S. 63-70 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Tricladida ; Phagocata ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Japan ; Far East
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phagocata vivida (Ijima et Kaburaki, 1916) is common in cold-water habitats in mountainous and hilly regions in Japan; in Northern Japan it occurs in lowland areas. Comparative studies of the material from South Korea and Primorskiy in Northeast Siberia, Russia, show that Ph. vivida is distributed widely in these geographic areas. Phagocata miyadii Okugawa, 1939, reported from North Korea and Northeastern China is a synonym of Ph vivida. Geographical distribution of this species in the Japanese Islands now becomes very clear. Judging by its geographical and vertical distributions, the species probably is a preglacial faunal element that entered Japan by the northern route to Old Honshû Island along the coast of the Old Sea of Japan.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036364
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  • 22
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    Taxonomy and geographical distribution of Dugesia japonica and D. ryukyuensis in the Far East (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 305 (1995), S. 55-61 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Tricladida ; Dugesia ; taxonomy ; Japan ; Far East
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dugesia japonica Ichikawa et Kawakatsu, 1964, is a common and polymorphic species of freshwater planarian distributed widely in the Far East. In 1976 the geographic populations were separated into 2 subspecies (D.j.japonica and D.j. ryukyuensis). The taxonomy of this species is reconsidered once again from the morphological, anatomical, histological, and karyological viewpoints. From the result of these studies, D.j. ryukyuensis is elevated to the rank of species: D. ryukyuensis Kawakatsu, 1976. D. japonica (n = 8, 2x = 16, 3x = 24) differs from D. ryukyuensis (n = 7, 2x = 14, 3x = 21) in having an asymmetrical penis papilla without a well-developed valve surrounding its basal part, and a well-developed vagina (distribution: the Japanese Islands, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, China, and Primorskiy, Northeast Siberia, in Russia). D. ryukyuensis is characterized by an asymmetrical penis papilla with a well-developed valve surrounding its basal part, and a less-developed vagina (distribution: the Southwest Islands of Japan).
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    Papillonema danieli gen. et sp.n. and Papillonema clavatum (Gerlach, 1957) comb.n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Ceriops mangrove sediments of Gazi Bay, Kenya (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 316 (1995), S. 225-237 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Marine nematodes ; Desmodoridae ; Papillonema gen.n. ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new genus, Papillonema gen.n., is erected to accomodate the two species P. danieli gen. et sp. n. and P. clavatum (Gerlach, 1957) comb.n. from intertidal sediments of a tropical mangrove. Papillonema gen.n. is characterized by prominent papilliform labial sensillae, an elongate muscular terminal bulb (up to 60% of pharyngeal length), and three precloacal supplements. Comments are given on the use of the terms ‘head capsule’, ‘head region’, and ‘cervical setae’.
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    Isolation, taxonomy and phylogeny of hyperthermophilic microorganisms (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 9-16 
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    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Archaea ; hydrothermal ; hyperthermophilic ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria with optimal growth temperatures between 80 and 110°C have been isolated from geo- and hydro-thermally heated terrestrial and submarine environments. 16S rRNA sequence comparisons indicate great phylogenetic diversity among the 23 different genera represented. Hyperthermophiles consist of anaerobic and aerobic chemolithoautotrophs and heterotrophs growing at neutral or acidic pH. Their outstanding heat resistance makes them as interesting objects for basic research as for biotechnology in the future.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339133
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    Ballistosporous yeasts found on the surface of plant materials collected in New Zealand (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 67 (1995), S. 151-171 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: taxonomy ; yeast ; basidiomycete ; Sporobolomyces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six new species of ballistosporous yeast, the genusSporobolomyces, were isolated from dead leaves and fruit of plants collected in New Zealand;Sp. novazealandicus, Sp. dimmenae, Sp. coprosmicola, Sp. coprosmae, Sp. dracophyllus, andSp. taupoensis. These species differ from any hitherto known species ofSporobolomyces based on chemotaxonomic characteristics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00871210
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    Confirmation of the nomenclatural status ofMalassezia pachydermatis (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 67 (1995), S. 173-176 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Malassezia pachydermatis ; rhinoceros ; mole% G + C ; nDNA/DNA reassociation ; taxonomy ; nomenclature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Malassezia strains from dogs and rhinoceros all proved identical using mole % G + C and nDNA/DNA reassociation experiments. The use of the nameMalassezia pachydermatis, originally described for a strain isolated from a rhinoceros, is thus justified for non lipid-dependent strains of other sources.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00871211
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    The diversity ofMalassezia yeasts confirmed by rRNA sequence and nuclear DNA comparisons (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 67 (1995), S. 297-314 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Malassezia ; yeast ; 25S rRNA sequences ; mole % GC ; nuclear DNA/DNA reassociations ; taxonomy ; epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One hundred and fourMalassezia strains (52 isolated from humans and 52 from animals) were compared using large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA sequence similarity and nuclear DNA complementarity. Eight groups of strains were recognized as genetically distinct species. Each taxon was confirmed by a homogeneous mole % GC and percentages of DNA/DNA reassociations higher than 85%. The non-lipid-dependentMalassezia yeasts were maintained as the unique taxonM. pachydermatis. In contrast, lipid-dependent strains were shown to be distributed among seven species:M. furfur, M. sympodialis andM. species 1–5. These taxa matched remarkably well with morphological and serological differences documented by previous investigators. The LSU rRNA sequences allowed a further intraspecific resolution with most of genomic taxa represented by several closely related sequences:M. pachydermatis counted up to seven sequences,M. furfur four sequences,M. species 1 comprised three sequences andM. species 2 andM. species 5 two sequences. Three species,M. sympodialis, M. species 3 andM. species 4, displayed a unique type of sequence. Thus, the present report demonstrates the usefulness of sequencing for both taxonomic and epidemiological purposes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873693
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    PCR-ribotyping of type isolates of currently acceptedExophiala andPhaeococcomyces species (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 35-42 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; Exophiala ; Wangiella ; Phaeococcomyces ; PCR-ribotyping ; RFLP ; PCR ; ribosomal repeat ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Portion of the ribosomal repeat of the type strains of the generaExphiala andPhaeococcomyces were subjected to RFLP analysis. The amplicon length of the small subunit rRNA, the fragment NS1-NS24, was found to vary between 1800 to 3200 nucleotides. In contrast, the length of the fragment ITS1-ITS4 comprising the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) was found to be constant at 600 nucleotides. Analysis of restriction profiles confirmed the synonymy ofExophiala dermatitidis andMycotorula schawii. Torula bergeri andSporotrichum gougerotii were found to be identical toPhaeoannellomyces elegans, but different from their alleged synomymE. castellanii. A phenogram is presented.
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    Fruiting studies in species ofCapronia (Herpotrichiellaceae) (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 3-17 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: ascomatal initials ; Exophiala ; heterothallism ; homothallism ; microcyclic conidiation ; sclerotia ; stroma ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A recently described protocol for thein vitro production of ascomata was employed to determine the sexual incompatibility systems of five species ofCapronia. The formation of mature ascomata in isolates derived from single ascospores demonstrated thatC. epimyces, C. mansonii, andC. munkii n. sp. are homothallic. In contrast, fertile ascomata were observed only in mass-ascospore isolates and pairwise crosses between specific single-ascospore isolates inC. dactylotricha n. sp. andC. moravica. TheExophiala anamorphs ofC. dactylotricha andC. munkii are described and aPhialophora-like synanamorph is reported for the former species. Germinating ascospores ofC. munkii formed conidiogenous cells directly, while the ascospores of the remaining species germinated to produce germ tubes and hyphae. The application of the terms ‘microcyclic conidiation’ to secondary conidium production and ‘sclerotial body’ and ‘stroma’ to the multicellular structures produced by species ofCapronia andExophiala are discussed.
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    Phylogenetic analysis of ten black yeast species using nuclear small subunit rRNA gene sequences (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 19-33 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; Capronia ; direct sequencing ; Exophiala ; nuclear small subunit rRNA gene ; phylogenetic analysis ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nuclear small subunit rRNA genes of authentic strains of the black yeastsExophiala dermatitidis, Wangiella dermatitidis, Sarcinomyces phaeomuriformis, Capronia mansonii, Nadsoniella nigra var.hesuelica, Phaeoannellomyces elegans, Phaeococcomyces exophialae, Exophiala jeanselmei var.jeanselmei andE. castellanii were amplified by PCR and directly sequenced. A putative secondary structure of the nuclear small subunit rRNA ofExophiala dermatitidis was predicted from the sequence data. Alignment with corresponding sequences fromNeurospora crassa andAureobasidium pullulans was performed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. The obtained topology of the tree was confirmed by bootstrap analysis. Based upon this analysis all fungi studied formed a well-supported monophyletic group clustering as a sister group to one group of the Plectomycetes (Trichocomaceae and Onygenales). The analysis confirmed the close relationship postulated betweenExophiala dermatitidis, Wangiella dermatitidis andSarcinomyces phaeomuriformis. This monophyletic clade also contains the teleomorph speciesCapronia mansonii thus confirming the concept of a teleomorph connection of the genusExophiala to a member of the Herpotrichiellaceae. However,Exophiala castellanii did not belong to this clade. Therefore, this species is not the anamorph ofCapronia mansonii as it was postulated.
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    Nutritional physiology of type isolates of currently accepted species ofExophiala andPhaeococcomyces (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 43-49 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: taxonomy ; physiology ; black yeasts ; Herpotrichiellaceae ; Capronia ; Exophiala ; Nadsoniella ; Phaeoannellomyces ; Phaeococcomyces ; Sarcinomyces ; Wangiella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nutritional physiological and tolerance tests were performed for all type strains of species currently classified in the black yeast generaExophiala andPhaeococcomyces, including some additional type strains of taxa recently reidentified asExophiala species. Most describedExophiala species can be distinguished by physiological characters.Exophiala jeanselmei with its varieties, andE. castellanii should all be retained as separate taxa. The pairs of strainsMycotorula schawii/Exophiala dermatitidis, Hormodendrum negronii/Exophiala jeanselmei var.lecaniicorni andSporotrichum gougerotii/Torula bergeri were found to be conspecific. Phenetic analyses of physiological data support the identity ofPhaeococcomyces exophialae as a yeast-like synanamorph ofExophiala spinifera. The taxonomic positions of the generaNadsoniella, Phaeoannellomyces andWangiella are discussed. The generaExophiala andPhaeococcomyces are unrelated.
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    Assessment of phenotypic and genetic diversity in the yeast genusMetschnikowia (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 101-110 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Metschnikowia ; taxonomy ; yeasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxonomy of the yeast genusMetschnikowia has undergone profound changes over the past century. Major developments, from the capacity to obtain pure cultures of parasitic species to progress associated with the extensive use of molecular biology tools in yeast systematics, are briefly reviewed. Results from past work and new data are combined to evaluate evolutionary relationships and clarify the classification of both terrestrial and aquatic species. Recent physiological studies, including the utilization of non-conventional carbon and nitrogen sources, and characteristics like lipolytic activity and maximum temperatures for growth, are presented. The assessment of the genetic diversity within the genus by restriction analysis of the mitochondrial DNA and by the production of specific DNA probes has been explored. The results indicate the potential application of the latter in rapid identification procedures.
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    Phylogenesis of fission yeasts. Contradictions surrounding the origin of a century old genus (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 119-149 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Schizosaccharomyces ; sequence comparison ; evolution ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenesis of fungi is controversial due to their simple morphology and poor fossilization. Traditional classification supported by morphological studies and physiological traits placed the fission yeasts in one group with ascomycetous yeasts. The rRNA sequence comparisions, however, revealed an enormous evolutionary gap betweenSaccharomyces andSchizosaccharomyces. As shown in this review, the protein sequences also show a large gap which is almost as large as that separatingSchizosaccharomyces from higher animals. Since the two yeasts share features (both cytological and molecular) in common which are also characteristic of ascomycetous fungi, their separation must have taken place later than the sequence differences may suggest. Possible reasons for the paradox are discussed. The sequence data also suggest a slower evolutionary rate in theSchizosaccharomyces lineage than in theSaccharomyces branch. In the fission yeast lineage two ramifications can be supposed. FirstS. japonicus (Hasegawaea japonica) branched off, thenS. octosporus (Octosporomyces octosporus) separated fromS. pombe.
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    Taxonomy ofPenicillium nalgiovense isolates from mould-fermented sausages (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68 (1995), S. 165-171 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: chemometrics ; morphology ; mould-fermented sausages ; Penicillium nalgiovense ; physiology ; secondary metabolites ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A large number ofPenicillium nalgiovense isolates from mould fermented sausages and the ex type culture were examined for characters of morphology, physiology and production of secondary metabolites. To separate biotypes within theP. nalgiovense species, the data obtained were evaluated using multivariate statistical methods. The macromorphological characters of the ex type culture and isolates from meat products appeared to be distinctive. The ex type culture is characterized by a brown reverse on both Czapek yeast extract and malt extract agar while the isolates from meat products have a yellow to orange reverse. Proteolytic and/or lipolytic activity was demonstrated by 75% of the examined cultures and all of them demonstrated ability to utilize lactate as sole carbon source. Growth on creatine sucrose agar was very inhibited and acid production was absent or very weak. TLC analysis showed production of three unknown secondary metabolites that constituted the characteristic profile. HPLC analysis showed production of only three known secondary metabolites; chrysogine (96%), nalgiolaxin and nalgiovensin (9%). The ex type culture produced nalgiolaxin and nalgiovensin but not chrysogine. The chemometric evaluation showed thatP. nalgiovense isolates from meat products from a homogenous species, which can not be divided into biotypes. The only indication of grouping, beside a separation of the ex type culture, was related to the conidium colour (white, turquoise or grey green). The examinedP. nalgiovense isolates showed some resemblance (morphologically and chemically) toP. chrysogenum.
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    Degradation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol by an activated sludge isolate and its taxonomic description (1995)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 6 (1995), S. 83-92 
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    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Biodegradation ; 2-methyl-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide ; 4-chloro-2-methylphenol ; taxonomy ; waste water treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Gram-negative strain S1, isolated from activated sludge, metabolized 4-chloro-2-methylphenol by an inducible pathway via a modifiedortho-cleavage route as indicated by a transiently secreted intermediate, identified as 2-methyl-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Beside 4-chloro-2-methylphenol only 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol were totally degraded, without an accumulation of intermediates. The chlorinated phenols tested induced activities of 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase type II. Phenol itself appeared to be degraded more efficiently via a separate, inducibleortho-cleavage pathway. The strain was characterized with respect to its physiological and chemotaxonomic properties. The fatty acid profile, the presence of spermidine as main polyamine, and of ubiquinone Q-10 allowed the allocation of the strain into the α-2 subclass of theProteobacteria. Ochrobactrum anthropi was indicated by fatty acid analysis as the most similar organism, however, differences in a number of physiological features (e.g. absence of nitrate reduction) and pattern of soluble proteins distinguished strain S1 from this species.
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    Colombia and Venezuela 1992 wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) germplasm collecting expedition: taxonomy and new germplasm resources (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 81 (1995), S. 45-56 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Colombia ; genebank ; germplasm ; Solanum sect. Petota ; taxonomy ; Venezuela
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We conducted a joint Colombia/United States/Venezuela wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota Dumort.) germplasm collecting expedition in Colombia from June 27–August 24, and in Venezuela from August 17–September 15, 1992. The goals of the expedition were to collect germplasm and study the species boundaries of all of the 23 Colombian and Venezuelan taxa accepted by current taxonomists. We made 128 collections of 16 of these taxa, 96 as true seed collections. We collected the first available germplasm collections of S. cacetanum, S. cuatrecasasii, S. estradae, S. lobbianum, S. orocense, S. paramoense, and S. sucubunense, and obtained germplasm collections of S. neovalenzuelae and S. pamplonense as a germplasm exchange from the Colombian national germplasm collection. We had problems identifying some of our collections, and currently are investigating them for species status and interrelationships. We summarize the state of germplasm collections for Colombia and Venezuela, provide our field data regarding the taxonomy of Colombian and Venezuelan wild potatoes, and provide recommendations for future collecting.
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    Which species are described first?: the case of North American butterflies (1995)
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    Biodiversity and conservation 4 (1995), S. 119-127 
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    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: butterflies ; description ; taxonomy ; synonymy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Within a taxon, some species are described before others, and some have greater numbers of synonyms. Here, we explore the correlates of date of description and numbers of synonyms for a well-known group of species, the butterflies of North America. Larger and more widespread species were described earlier. Species which were described earlier and are more widespread have greater numbers of associated synonyms. Development of an understanding both of patterns of non-random description and of their determinants is particularly important as increasing use is made of historical (museum) collections of specimens to document spatial patterns in the occurrence of individual species and levels of species richness, and large scale patterns in species-level traits. Exploration of patterns of description of well-known groups provides a point of reference for assessing potential difficulties with those which are more poorly known.
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    Morphological analysis ofAlouatta seniculus species group (Primates, Cebidae). A comparison with biochemical and karyological data (1995)
    Springer
    Human evolution 10 (1995), S. 169-176 
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    ISSN: 1824-310X
    Keywords: Alouatta seniculus ; A macconnelli ; A. stramineus ; taxonomy ; morphology ; karyology ; biogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fifteen cranial measurements were taken from wild caught specimens ofAlouatta seniculus seniculus, A. s. stramineus andA. s. macconnelli. A morphological analysis showed sex dimorphism in these three groups. A multivariate analysis discriminated among these taxa; males being more clearly discriminated than females. Our data showed that these taxa can be separated on the basis of quantitative cranial traits, biogeographic distribution, karyological differences, and biochemical characters. We therefore propose a new taxonomic arrangement, changing their taxonomic status to the species level (Alouatta seniculus, A. macconnelli, andA. stramineus).
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