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  • evolution  (51)
  • Springer  (51)
  • Elsevier
  • 1990-1994  (51)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1993  (51)
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Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1990-1994  (51)
  • 1970-1974
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cockroach mating behaviors, sex pheromones, and abdominal glands (Dictyoptera: Blaberidae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 715-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Aphrodisiac ; cockroach ; evolution ; mating behavior ; sex pheromone ; sternal glands ; tergal glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two chemical signals are essential in all cockroach sexual behavioral sequences: the sex pheromone released by one partner, generally the female (for long distance attraction), and an aphrodisiac sex pheromone produced exclusively by male tergal glands (for female mounting and tergal contact or “feeding” behavior). Unlike the other cockroach groups, the males of the Oxyhaloinae species produce both chemical signals: the pheromone and the aphrodisiac. The occurrence of three patterns of mating behavior (A, B, and C), the production of male sex pheromones, and the existence in the male of developed sternal and tergal glands in seven related Oxyhaloinae species, make these cockroaches a useful model for studying the evolution of mating behavior patterns. The various types of mating behavior were not classified in the previous studies by Roth and Barth. In this report, they have been named type A (female in upper position), B (male in upper position), and C (male and female end to end). In type A mating, the male tergal glands, which are licked by the females, are well developed, whereas in types B and C, there is no licking of the male's tergal secretion by the females and the tergal glands are much less developed; the aphrodisiacs secreted by the tergal glands may no longer act in this case through contact chemoreception, but through an olfactory process involving volatile components. One common sex pheromone component seems to be acetoin. I suggest that the mating behavior tends from A toward B and C during the evolutionary process with a concomitant regression of the tergal glands and changes in the aphrodisiac emission levels. The mating behavioral sequences of cockroaches (Dictyoptera) and crickets (Orthoptera) show a striking degree of similarity and are probably examples of convergent evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201672
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Egg attendance and brooding by males of the giant water bugLethocerus medius (Guerin) in the field (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 93-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Belostomatidae ; giant water bugs ; paternal care ; eggs ; reproduction ; behavior ; brooding ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the giant water bug Lethocerus medius(Guerin) typify their monobasic subfamily, the Lethocerinae, in that they do not brood eggs attached to their backs as do males of all members of the subfamily Belostomatinae. Exclusive male parental investment as expressed in the Belostomatinae is extremely rare behavior among animals, and evolution of the trait is obscure. Lethocerus mediusmales apparently remain with their mates through oviposition and are consistently found in attendance of eggs after the female has departed. This behavior may enhance paternity assurance at no cost in opportunity for polygyny. Two double clutches of eggs were found, from which we infer the potential for polygynous matings and shared parental investment. Male L. mediusbrood attended egg clutches above the surface of the water, where they may moisten them, shade them, and defend them against predation. Egg attendance/brooding by L. mediusand other Lethocerusspecies may represent a plesiomorphic state from which paternal back- brooding evolved in the Belostomatinae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049150
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology of halophilic bacteria, Part II (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 1027-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Archaea (archaebacteria) ; extreme halophiles ; archaeol phospholipids ; archaeol glycolipids ; membrane function ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Archaebacteria (archaea) are comprised of three groups of prokaryotes: extreme halophiles, methanogens and thermoacidophiles (extreme thermophiles). Their membrane phospholipids and glycolipids are derived entirely from a saturated, isopranoid glycerol diether,sn-2,3-diphytanylglycerol (‘archaeol’) and/or its dimer, dibiphytanyldiglyceroltetraether (‘caldarchaeol’). In extreme halophiles, the major phospholipid is the archaeol analogue of phosphatidylglycerolmethylphosphate (PGP-Me); the glycolipids are sulfated and/or unsulfated glycosyl archaeols with diverse carbohydrate structure characteristic of taxons on the generic level. Biosynthesis of these archaeol-derived polar lipids occurs in a multienzyme, membrane-bound system that is absolutely dependent on high salt concentration (4 M). The highly complex biosynthetic pathways involve intermediates containing glycerol ether-linked C20-isoprenyl groups which are reduced to phytanyl groups to give the final saturated polar lipids. In methanogens, polar lipids are derived both from archaeol and caldarchaeol, and thermoacidophiles contain essentially only caldarchaeol-derived polar lipids. The function of these membrane polar lipids in maintaining the stability, fluidity and ionic properties of the cell membrane of extreme halophiles, as well as the evolutionary implications of the archaeol and caldarchaeol-derived structures will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01929909
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chitin in the epidermal cuticle of a vertebrate (Paralipophrys trigloides, Blenniidae, Teleostei) (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 317-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Chitin ; cuticle ; evolution ; vertebrates ; bony fish ; Blenniidae ; Paralipophrys trigoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lectin binding, endo-chitinase binding and enzymatic degradation studies show that the epidermal cuticle of the bony fishParalipophrys trigloides (Blenniidae) is chitinous. This is the first evidence that a vertebrate species possesses a chitinous tissue. Recently aXenopus gene has been identified which has significant sequence similarity to the catalytic domain of yeast chitin synthase III, a chitin producing enzyme1,2. Taken together these two findings imply that chitin synthesis capability may be a basic vertebrate feature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923410
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of insect-plant relationships — a devil's advocate approach (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 66 (1993), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: evolution ; coevolution ; selection ; insect attack ; plant defense ; competition ; enemy free space ; chemoreception ; specialization ; plant recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Most hypotheses concerning the evolution of insect-plant relationships are based on the assumptions that, (1) phytophagous insects reduce plant fitness, and that (2) insect-plant relationships are the result of unconstrained selection. It can be shown, however, that there is little evidence to support these assumptions. As an alternative, it is proposed that the evolution of insect-plant relationships results primarily from autonomous evolutionary events; namely from heritable functional changes within the insects' nervous system that determine plant recognition and ultimately host plant specificity. These changes cannot be evoked by selective ecological agents. They originate from intrinsic changes (mutationssensu lato) within the insect genome. Ecological factors play a secondary role: by either supporting or preventing the establishment of the new genotype with the novel food preference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381541
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and sequencing of 18S rDNA gene fragments from six different ant species (1993)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 40 (1993), S. 325-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Formicidae ; social parasitism ; PCR ; 18 S ribosomal RNA ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The evolutionary relationship between socially parasitic ants and their hosts is still an unsolved problem. We have compared a 1.2 kb sequence of the 18 S ribosomal RNA genes of the parasitic antsDoronomyrmex kutteri, Harpagoxenus sublaevis andChalepoxenus muellerianus to the sequence of the host speciesLeptothorax acervorum andL. recedens (all subfamily Myrmicinae, tribe Leptothoracini) and to an out-group antCamponotus ligniperda (Formicinae). We found that parasitic species and the host species and alsoCamponotus ligniperda differ at less than 1% of the base positions of the 1.2 kb segment of the 18S rRNA gene. The sequences showed 80.3% identity to the 18 S ribosomal RNA genes of the beetleTenebrio molitor and only 66.5% to that of the dipteranDrosophila melanogaster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242369
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rice (Oryza sativa L.) cDNA encodes a protein sequence homologous to the eukaryotic ribosomal 5S RNA-binding protein (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 409-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA ; cloning ; rice ; L5 ; ribosomal 5 S RNA-binding protein ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A rice (Oryza sativa L.) cDNA clone coding for the cytoplasmic ribosomal protein L5, which associates with 5 S rRNA for ribosome assembly, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The primary structure of rice L5, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, contains 294 amino acids and has intriguing features some of which are also conserved in other eucaryotic homologues. These include: four clusters of basic amino acids, one of which may serve as a nucleolar localization signal; three repeated amino acid sequences; the conservation of glycine residues. This protein was identified as the nuclear-encoded cytoplasmic ribosomal protein L5 of rice by sequence similarity to other eucaryotic ribosomal 5 S RNA-binding proteins of rat, chicken, Xenopus laevis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rice L5 shares 51 to 62% amino acid sequence identity with the homologues. A group of ribosomal proteins from archaebacteria including Methanococcus vanniellii L18 and Halobacterium cutirubrum L13, which are known to be associated with 5 S rRNA, also related to rice L5 and the other eucaryotic counterparts, suggesting an evolutionary relationship in these ribosomal 5 S RNA-binding proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029016
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant aldolase: cDNA and deduced amino-acid sequences of the chloroplast and cytosol enzyme from spinach (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 21 (1993), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA sequences ; evolution ; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase ; Spinacia oleracea ; transit peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the sequences of full-length cDNAs for the nuclear genes encoding the chloroplastic and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) from spinach. A comparison of the deduced amino-acid sequences with one another and with published cytosolic aldolase sequences of other plants revealed that the two enzymes from spinach share only 54% homology on their amino acid level whereas the homology of the cytosolic enzyme of spinach with the known sequences of cytosolic aldolases of maize, rice and Arabidopsis range from 67 to 92%. The sequence of the chloroplastic enzyme includes a stroma-targeting N-terminal transit peptide of 46 amino acid residues for import into the chloroplast. The transit peptide exhibits essential features similar to other chloroplast transit peptides. Southern blot analysis implies that both spinach enzymes are encoded by single genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019948
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorghum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene family: structure, function and molecular evolution (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 21 (1993), S. 487-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: C4 metabolism ; evolution ; GC content ; gene family ; PEPC ; Sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Although housekeeping functions have been shown for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31, PEPC) in plants and in prokaryotes, PEPC is mainly known for its specific role in the primary photosynthetic CO2 fixation in C4 and CAM plants. We have shown that in Sorghum, a monocotyledonous C4 plant, the enzyme is encoded in the nucleus by a small multigene family. Here we report the entire nucleotide sequence (7.5 kb) of the third member (CP21) that completes the structure of the Sorghum PEPC gene family. Nucleotide composition, CpG islands and GC content of the three Sorghum PEPC genes are analysed with respect to their possible implications in the regulation of expression. A study of structure/function and phylogenetic relationships based on the compilation of all PEPC sequences known so far is presented. Data demonstrate that (1) the different forms of plant PEPC have very similar primary structures, functional and regulatory properties, (2) neither apparent amino acid sequences nor phylogenetic relationships are specific for the C4 and CAM PEPCs and (3) expression of the different genes coding for the Sorghum PEPC isoenzymes is differently regulated (i.e. by light, nitrogen source) in a spatial and temporal manner. These results suggest that the main distinguishing feature between plant PEPCs is to be found at the level of genes expression rather than in their primary structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028806
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic rearrangement of the α-globin gene complex during mammalian evolution (1993)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 31 (1993), S. 473-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: hydroxyacyl glutathione hydrolase (glyoxalase II) ; chromosome mapping ; evolution ; Mus musculus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In man, the gene for hydroxyacyl glutathione hydrolase (HAGH; glyoxalase II) is closely linked to the α-globin locus (HBα) on Chromosome 16. HAGH polymorphism in the mouse has now enabled the mapping of the murine homologue. Deletion mapping, congenic strain studies, and characterization of 41 recombinant inbred strains establish that the mouseHagh locus lies very close to the α-globin pseudogene (Hba-ps4) in the vicinity of the major histocompatibility locus (H-2) on chromosome 17. Several other loci have been identified previously that are also closely linked to the human α-globin locus but near the α-globin pseudogeneHba-ps4 in the mouse. These linkage relationships suggest that during the evolution of mice a translocation occurred that subdivided the α-globin locus, leaving one inactive α-globin gene still associated with theHagh locus and linked sequences, while moving and inserting the active α-globin locus and all distal sequences into an internal location on another autosome, the predecessor to mouse chromosome 11.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426879
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