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  • taxonomy
  • Springer  (38)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (38)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1993  (38)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (38)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (38)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply to Sandgren and Smol: further discussion on chrysophyte cyst taxonomy (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 9 (1993), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Chrysophyceae ; stomatocysts ; membrane topography ; biogenic silica deposition ; surface pattern ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00680036
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular taxonomy of Gram-positive moderately halophilic cocci (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 1055-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Moderate halophiles ; taxonomy ; Salinicoccus roseus ; Marinococcus hispanicus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Gram-positive moderately halophilic cocci validly described up to date areMicrococcus halobius, Sporosarcina halophila, Marinococcus halophilus, Marinococcus albus, Marinococcus hispanicus, and the recently proposedSalinicoccus roseus. Our chemotaxonomic studies on these bacteria have revealed thatMarinococcus hispanicus should be placed in the genusSalinicoccus. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that this species should be considered as a separate species ofS. roseus. Thus, we have proposed transferring it to the genusSalinicoccus, asS. hispanicus. Besides, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features of the culture collection moderate halophilesMicrococcus sp. strains CCM 168 and CCM 1405 indicate that they should be included in the speciesSalinicoccus roseus. The description of this species was based only on one strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01929913
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dabbing and shooting of benzo- and naphthoquinone secretions: Defensive strategies of bark-inhabiting aleocharine (col.: Staphylinidae) and tenebrionid (col.: Tenebrionidae) beetle larvae (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1337-1354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Staphylinidae ; Tenebrionidae ; larvae ; defensive glands ; quinone ; naphthoquinone ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The abdominal glands of three bark-inhabiting larvae of generaBolitochara, Leptusa (Staphylinidae), andHypophloeus (Tenebrionidae) were studied chemically and morphologically. Behavior of the larvae indicated that secretion is emitted only after severe disturbance of the larvae. These mechanical contacts may also occur incidentally with coinhabiting nonpredatory arthropods when the beetle larvae move within small interstices under bark. Depending on the species, the secretions contained 1,4-benzoquinone derivatives and three 6-alkyl-naphthoquinones dissolved within various alkanes, alkenes, ethyl-, isopropyl-, and isoamylesters. More erratically distributed gland constituents also detected were acetophenone, benzyl propionate, and methyl hydroxybenzoate. In the laboratory, synthetic quinone-containing solutions simulating those found inLeptusa andBolitochara larvae acted as strong topical irritants and caused further damage to last-stageCalliphora vomitoria larvae if hydrocarbons or esters were used as solvents. The natural secretions ofHypophloeus versipellis elicited considerable mortality in two subcortical sciarid larvae cooccurring with tenebrionid larvae. Bioassay and secretion chemistry of the Staphylinidae/Tenebrionidae larval secretions indicated that they are typical defensive secretions that act topically. Morphological data characterized Bolitocharini larvae as possessing protuberant abdominal tergites supplied with an interiorly situated gland reservoir. After mechanical contact, the defensive secretion is topically applied to other arthropods by dabbing this tergal protuberance on targets. The defensive gland ofHypophloeus versipellis is unusual in possessing a movable reservoir opening situated at the anterior border of tergite IX. By this peculiar gland morphologyHypophloeus larvae are capable of shooting secretion droplets frontally from their slightly depressed dorsal abdominal surface without bending their abdominal tips dorsally. This seems an adaptation to the interstitial habitat of the larvae. The types of defensive glands and their phylogenetic value in Aleocharinae/Tenebrionidae larvae are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984880
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA amplification fingerprinting of the Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 21 (1993), S. 363-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: eukaryotic ; arbitrary oligonucleotide primer ; PCR ; prokaryotic ; silver staining ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis has been used for centuries as a nitrogen biofertilizer in rice paddies. Genetic improvement of the symbiosis has been limited by the difficulty in identifying Azolla-Anabaena accessions and Anabaena azollae strains. The recently developed technique of DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) was applied to this problem. DAF uses single, short, oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence to direct amplification of a characteristic set of DNA products by a thermostable DNA polymerase in a thermocycling reaction. The products are separated in polyacrylamide gels and detected by silver staining. DAF could easily distinguish and positively identify accessions of Azolla-Anabaena with DNA extracted from the intact symbioses. The contribution of prokaryotic Anabaena sequences to the fingerprint of the intact symbioses, however, ranged from 0 to 77%, depending on the primer sequence. Therefore, DNA extracted from the intact symbioses would not be suitable for Azolla taxonomy studies. The fingerprints of Anabaena strains isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation from different species of Azolla could be easily distinguished, and DAF patterns were used to confirm the maternal pattern of transmission of Anabaena in a sexual hybrid. Template DNA extracted from roots was used to produce fingerprints for Azolla without interference from the microsymbiont. Comparison of the patterns from the parents and a hybrid gave strong evidence confirming sexual hybridization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019951
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wild potato (Solanum sect.Petota) germplasm collecting expedition to Argentina in 1990, and status of Argentinian potato germplasm resources (1993)
    Springer
    Potato research 36 (1993), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: collecting expedition ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A joint Argentina/United States expedition collected wild potato (Solanum sect.Petota) germplasm in Argentina between February 4–28 and March 28–April 18, 1990. This was followed by a short expedition between February 27 and March 3, 1991. Collections were made in the Andes Mountains from southern Tucumán Province (27°20′S), south to southern Rio Negro Province (40°52′S) and comprised 88 lots of germplasm of ten species, 76 as true-seed and 12 as tubers. The most important new collections included germplasm ofS. brevidens, S. maglia, S. x rechei andS. venturii. By summarizing details of these collections with those of existing collections, we have been able to suggest future collecting in Argentina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359828
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Cladistic interrelationships and major clades of theEricales (1993)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 184 (1993), S. 207-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ericales ; Cladistics ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cladistic analysis of theEricales based on morphological, anatomical, embryological, and phytochemical data has been undertaken. Resulting from the analysis, 56 equally parsimonious cladograms were obtained. The tribeEnkiantheae was found to be the sister-group of the rest of theEricaceae, in which theEmpetraceae, theEpacridaceae, Pyrolaceae, andMonotropaceae are forming derived ingroups. It is thus concluded that theEricaceae are a paraphyletic assemblage as presently circumscribed, and thatEmpetraceae andEpacridaceae are better treated as members of theEricaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937436
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Catapyrenium (Verrucariaceae) species from South America (1993)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 185 (1993), S. 17-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Pyrenocarpous lichens ; Verrucariaceae ; Catapyrenium ; Dermatocarpon ; Catapyrenium analogicum spec. nova ; C. andicolum spec. nova ; C. chilense comb. nov. ; C. corticolum comb. nov. ; C. exaratum spec. nova ; C. lachneoides spec. nova ; C. podolepis spec. nova ; C. ruiz-lealii comb. nov. ; C. squamulosum var.argentinum comb. nov. ; Systematics ; taxonomy ; Flora of Argentina ; Bolivia ; Brasilia ; Chile ; Ecuador ; Paraguay ; Peru ; Uruguay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 13 species of the lichen genusCatapyrenium are reported from South America. Five species (C. analogicum, C. andicolum, C. exaratum, C. lachneoides, andC. podolepis) are described as new. A key to the species known from South America is presented. Remarks on taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the species are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937718
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    A reconsideration of the genusRabdosiella (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Ocimeae) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 185 (1993), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Lamiaceae ; Nepetoideae ; Ocimeae ; Isodon ; Plectranthus ; Pyramidium ; Rabdosiella ; Systematics ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The two generaPlectranthus andIsodon are compared and found to be very dissimilar.Isodon ist considered to be misplaced inOcimeae subtribePlectranthinae and apparently is more closely related to subtribeHyptidinae. The disjunct genusRabdosiella is compared to these two genera and regarded to be polyphyletic. The AfricanR. calycina (Benth.)Codd is returned toPlectranthus and calledP. calycinus Benth., while the AsianR. ternifolia (D. Don)Codd is placed inIsodon sect.Pyramidium and calledI. ternifolius (D. Don)Kudo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937722
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Taxonomic evaluations of the genusPinus (Pinaceae) based on electrophoretic data of salt soluble and insoluble seed storage proteins (1993)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 186 (1993), S. 57-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Gymnosperms ; Pinaceae ; Pinus ; Seed storage proteins ; electrophoresis ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic studies on seed storage proteins of various gymnosperm species showed that both salt soluble and insoluble protein fractions give taxonomic information. Among species of the genusPinus evident differences are found between the subgeneraHaploxylon (Strobus) andDiploxylon (Pinus). In sect.Strobus the two subsectt.Strobi andCembrae are readily distinguished fromP. bungeana (sect.Parrya) which appears to fall in an intermediate position between haploxyl and diploxyl pines. Among the species of subg.Diploxylon, “mountain pines” show very similar protein patterns in agreement with their recent speciation (Quaternary).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937713
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Reconsideration of the generic status ofRubrivena (Polygonaceae, Persicarieae) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 186 (1993), S. 95-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Polygonaceae ; Persicarieae ; Rubrivena ; Persicaria sect.Rubrivena ; P. wallichii var.wallichii (=Polygonum polystachyum) ; P. wallichii var.tomentosa ; var. nov. ; P. pinetorum ; Anatomy ; micromorphology ; pollen morphology ; cladistics ; heterostyly ; taxonomy ; Flora of Himalaya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological and anatomical characters (including pollen morphology) of the genusRubrivena are described. The phylogenetic relationships ofRubrivena, the putatively related genusKoenigia and the four sections of the genusPersicaria are analyzed by the application of cladistic methods.Persicaria s. str. turns out to be paraphyletic; however, inclusion ofRubrivena produces a clade which is marked by five synapomorphies (e.g., long styles, semitectate reticulate pollen grains and some seed characters). In order to eliminate the paraphyly ofPersicaria as well as to avoid nomenclatural changes of all taxa of sect.Cephalophilon, Rubrivena is included in the genusPersicaria. Sect.Rubrivena differs from the other sections in pollen morphology [granulated muri and 6 (–7)-zonocolpate aperture system] and inflorescence type (well-branched panicles). In addition, heterostyly is confirmed inPersicaria wallichii, and is reported here also forP. pinetorum. Keys and descriptions are provided for all taxa and a distribution map is given. Two species are illustrated by line drawings. One new variety,Persicaria wallichii var.tomentosa, is described. Five lectotypes are selected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937715
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  • 11
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    The status ofColobus polykomos dollmani Schwarz (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 14 (1993), S. 573-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: colobus ; taxonomy ; hybridization ; Ivory Coast ; multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The two West African black-and-white colobus taxa,Colobus polykomos andC. vellerosus, are distinct species. A supposedly intermediate subspecies,C. polykomos dollmani, is actually a hybrid swarm, in whichC. vellerosus genes greatly predominate. We propose a hypothesis to explain this situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02215448
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Contribution of genetic distances studies to the taxonomy ofAteles, particularlyAteles paniscus paniscus andAteles paniscus chamek (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 14 (1993), S. 895-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: Ateles ; spider monkeys ; average heterozygosity ; protein polymorphism ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied 20 electrophoretic loci in two populations ofAteles (Ateles paniscus paniscus andAteles paniscus chamek). We observed intrapopulational variation at the following loci: esterase D, glyoxalase 1, adenosine deaminase (A. p. chamek) and carbonic anhydrase 2 (A. p. paniscus). The two populations share the most frequent alleles at 17 loci, but we noted great differences in glyoxalase 1, adenosine deaminase and phosphoglucomutase 1.A. p. paniscus is monomorphic for theGLO1 *1 allele, which has a frequency of 6% inA. p.chamek. They did not share alleles in relation to the ADA and PGM1 loci. We found a CA2 allele, named hereCA2 *1, which has not been described previously in other neotropical primates (Sampaio et al., 1991a), inA. p. paniscus. The present results suggest that the geographical isolation represented by the Rio Amazonas has lasted long enough to support this level of divergence. These observations taken together with chromosomal findings, led us to endorse the proposal of two distinct species:Ateles paniscus andAteles chamek.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220258
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  • 13
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    Morphological and taxonomic studies on some little-known species of Gracilaria (Gracilariales: Rhodophyta) from Venezuela. 1. G. damaecornis (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 260-261 (1993), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rhodophyta ; Gracilariaceae ; marine red alga ; taxonomy ; seaweed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology, anatomy and reproduction (tetrasporic, male and female) of a poorly known species of Gracilaria i.e. G. damaecornis J. Agardh was studied, using material collected in eastern Venezuela. Spermatangia are produced in well-defined and deeply immersed multicavitied conceptacles (‘m’ type). Nutritive filaments are present both at the floor and top (outer pericarp) of the cystocarp. The lectotype of G. damaecornis is illustrated for the first time. Hydropuntia albornozii (Rodríguez) Wynne (Polycavernosa albornozzi) is shown to be a synonym of G. damaecornis. In agreement with recent research, it is concluded that generic attributes of Hydropuntia ( = Polycavernosa) based on mainly on sexual reproductive structures are of doubtful taxonomic value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049007
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  • 14
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    Revision of the puella group of the genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata, Zygoptera), with emphasis on morphologies contributing to reproductive isolation (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 262 (1993), S. 13-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Odonata ; Coenagrion ; taxonomy ; S.E.M. ; reproductive isolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The puella group of the zygopteran genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 is revised. The group, as treated here, includes C. puella (L., 1758), C. syriacum (Morton, 1924), C. ponticum (Bartenef, 1929) and C. intermedium (Lohmann, 1990). All four species are redescribed on the basis of a scanning electron microscopical (S.E.M.) analysis of morphological characters involved in copulation. Full species rank is attributed to intermedium. A key to males and females of the four species is included. Reproductive isolation is discussed in the genus Coenagrion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010986
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  • 15
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    Morphology and taxonomy of Cyclotella tasmanica spec. nov, a newly described diatom from Tasmanian lakes (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 269-270 (1993), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; morphology ; Cyclotella ; lakes ; Tasmania
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A species of Cyclotella with an elliptical valve outline has been found in several Tasmanian lakes and is herein described and named C. tasmanica nov. sp. Morphologically, it is similar to C. stelligera and, to a lesser extent, to C. radiosa. The valve has coarse, clearly alveolate, marginal striae and a central rosette. Unlike other elliptical forms, the central area is always more or less circular. The nearest similar species is C. rhomboideo-elliptica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028003
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  • 16
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    On the taxonomy of the Brachionidae: description of Plationus n. gen. (Rotifera, Monogononta) (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 268 (1993), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; S.E.M. ; Rotifera ; Plationus n. gen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Based on S.E.M. studies of trophi, the generic diagnosis of Brachionus Pallas and Platyias Harring is refined. Plationus n. gen. is erected to accommodate the former B. patulus-group. Platyias latiscapularis is elevated to full specific rank.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005736
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  • 17
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    A reappraisal of the genus Phyllodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936, with the description of P. wellekensae n.sp. from India, and a redescription of P. tunguidus Shen & Tai, 1964 from China (Copepoda, Calanoida) (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 263 (1993), S. 65-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae n. sp. ; P. tunguidus ; P. blanci ; P. annae ; taxonomy ; biogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae n. sp. is described from south India. In the female, the genital somite is dilated at the left proximal margin and armed with an extraordinarily large, somewhat curved, laterally-directed spine; the right genital spine is much smaller than the left one. The terminal claw of leg 5 has a secretory pore at its tip and a characteristic conveyor canal on its anterior surface. In the right male P5, the coxal plate is short and unique in shape. The basis is 1.3 times as long as wide, with a long, sinuous, hyaline lamella on its medial margin. The first exopodite segment is short and optuse at its outer distal corner. The second segment is rectangular and has a short, hyaline, spinous projection between the lateral spine and the terminal claw. The left P5 has a large, serrate, hyaline fan between its apical thumb and medial apical seta. P. tunguidus is redescribed based on material newly collected from three localities in China. Scanning electron micrographs are provided for the above two species and also for P. blanci (the type species of the genus) and P. annae. The taxonomic significance of a set of new characters observed in the four species is discussed, and the generic definition is expanded accordingly. The biogeography of Phyllodiaptomus is commented upon.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006205
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  • 18
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    Diatom communities in the Vanishing and Ornithologist Creek, King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 269-270 (1993), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Antarctica ; King George Island ; Arctowski Station ; stream ; diatoms ; taxonomy ; ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the diatom communities of the Vanishing and Ornithologist Creek 74 taxa were found. Most of the taxa have a cosmopolitan range and are resistant to various environmental stresses. For example, Achnanthes lanceolata var. lanceolata, is found in all types of waters and in several ecological conditions. Achnanthes delicatula ssp. delicatula, Nitzschia frustulum, N. capitellata, Navicula mutica, and N. gregaria develop both in fresh and brackish waters. Some of the organisms also settle in terrestrial environments. Navicula atomus, N. mutica, Pinnularia borealis, and Hantzschia amphioxys are common soil algae. Navicula digitulus, N. contenta, N. cohnii and Achnanthes coarctata also live in an aerial environment. Navicula atomus is well developed in eutrophic waters and Nitzschia capitellata can tolerate a high level of pollution, while Nitzschia gracilis, Fragilaria capucina, and F. alpestris appear both in oligotrophic, and enriched waters. Stenotopic ecological features are shown by Achnanthes marginulata and Navicula digitulus — known from the Alps and the North, and Navicula muticopsis characteristic for Antarctic and Subantarctic. The index of diatom biomass, usually of low and medium value, was highest in the area of possible impact by a penguin colony.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028031
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  • 19
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    A taxonomic database and linked iconograph for diatoms (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 269-270 (1993), S. 503-508 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: database ; iconograph ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and the Natural History Museum are collaborating to establish a database and linked iconograph, wherever possible using TDWG (Taxonomic Databases Working Group) standards, that can handle complex nomenclature; specimen information; specimen and population descriptions that can later be assembled automatically to generate taxon descriptions and also used as a basis for the automatic or semi-automatic generation of keys and on-line identification; original descriptions of taxa; bibliography; and images. The system is at present being developed using the PANDORA floristic database system (on an AREV base) and is being designed to be compatible with other database systems suitable for use in botanic gardens and herbaria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028047
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  • 20
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    Rotifera of some lakes in the floodplain of the River Niger (Imo State, Nigeria) (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 250 (1993), S. 39-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; new species ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Rotifera of thirteen freshwater habitats in the upper floodplain of the River Niger were studied. Thirteen new species are described, viz. Lepadella berzinsi n. sp., L. discoidea n. sp., Squatinella lunata n. sp., Dipleuchlanis ornata n. sp., Euchlanis semicarinata n. sp., Itura deridderae n. sp., L. dumonti n. sp., L. nigeriensis n. sp., L. nwadiaroi n. sp., L. simonneae n. sp., L. stichoclysta n. sp., L. sylviae n. sp. and Trichocerca kostei n. sp., L. climacois Harring & Myers is reestablished as a valid species. The synonymy of Hemimonostyla Bartos and Monostyla Ehrenberg with Lecane Nitzsch is commented upon. The names Lecane myersi nom. nov. and L. robertsonae nom. nov. are proposed to replace L. ornata (Harring & Myers) non (Daday) and L. amazonica Koste & Robertson non (Murray) (new status), respectively. Lecane amazonica (Murray) and L. latissima Yamamoto replace L. murrayi Hauer non Korde and L. rotundata (Olofsson) non (Jakubski), respectively. The following new synonymies are proposed: Lepadella williamsi Koste & Shiel with L. vandenbrandei Gillard; Lecane longidactyla (Edmondson) comb. nov. (ex. Proales) with L. clara (Bryce); Lecane longidactyla Arora non (Edmondson) with L. curvicornis (Murray); L. truncata Yamamoto non (Leissling) nec (Turner) with L. brachydactyla (Stenroos); L. amazoniana Koste & Robertson with L. eutarsa Harring & Myers.
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    Trans-Tasman variation in Australasian Filinia populations (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 255-256 (1993), S. 455-462 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; Filinia ; Australia ; New Zealand ; taxonomy ; morphology ; trophi SEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological comparisons of populations of Filinia from New Zealand and Australia established the presence of an undescribed species in Lake Okaro, N.Z. Filinia novaezealandiae n. sp. is described. SEM micrographs of trophi were used to distinguish closely allied Filinia species. Filinia grandis comb. nov. is redescribed from Australia on the basis of trophi differences from F. pejleri. It is suggested that Filinia species may be more restricted than global records indicate; these records reflect the distribution of authoritative taxonomic references, not necessarily the animals they depict.
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    Observations on the morphology of some North American nemertines with consequent taxonomic changes and a reassessment of the architectonics of the phylum (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 266 (1993), S. 141-157 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Nemertea ; North America ; taxonomy ; Tenuilineus ; Parvicirrus ; Tarrhomyos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A majority of the nemertine species from the western North Atlantic were originally described from life in the nineteenth century. Many of these were established by A. E. Verrill who had ‘an eye for species’ no matter which phylum he was working with, and thus when living nemertines which he described are encountered, they can usually be recognized. The morphology of most of these species has never been reported; some may prove to be species described earlier from the eastern North Atlantic. Morphological observations on the nemertine species from the North East coast of the Pacific are inadequate and have prevented satisfactory comparison with species from Japan and eastern Russia. The morphology of some species collected in the Gulf of Maine and from Cape Cod, as well as a re-examination of some of the slides of type specimens of species from the west coast of North America, indicates that their generic placement must be re-examined. The architectonic plan of the heteronemertines postulated over 100 years ago can not be substantiated and is redescribed. Three new heteronemertean genera are described: Tenuilineus gen.n. Parvicirrus gen.n., Tarrhomyos gen.n.
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    Myxozyma vanderwaltii sp. nov. (Candidaceae), a new yeast species isolated from a flower ofProtea repens (L.) L. (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63 (1993), S. 17-21 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Myxozyma vanderwaltii ; Candidaceae ; yeasts ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three strains of an undescribed species of the genusMyxozyma were recovered. The new species differs from other accepted species of the genus in its assimilation pattern of carbon sources, mol% G + C and low DNA-DNA homology. A description of the new species,Myxozyma vanderwaltii, and a key to the species accepted in the genus are given.
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    Kluyveromyces: systematics since 1970 (1993)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63 (1993), S. 95-104 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Kluyveromyces ; taxonomy ; species concept ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxonomy ofKluyveromyces has been the object of intense study since van der Walt's (1970) monograph. This is an account of the major developments and the classification to be adopted in the 4th edition ofThe Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study. The guiding principles that will be followed in eventual revisions of the genus are presented.
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    Evolution of black yeasts: possible adaptation to the human host (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63 (1993), S. 105-109 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: black yeasts ; dimorphism ; ecology ; ecophysiology ; evolution ; halotolerance ; medical mycology ; melanin ; meristematic growth ; opportunistic fungi ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ascomycetous black yeasts show adaptations to a wide array of environmental conditions. Dothideaceous black yeasts are mostly found on plant leaves, while among herpotrichiellaceous species there are numerous opportunists on humans. Factors which are of ecological significance include the presence of melanin and carotene, formation of thick cell walls and meristematic growth, presence of yeast-like phases, presence of additional forms of conidiogenesis, thermo- and osmotolerance, adhesion, hydrophobicity, production of extracellular polysaccharides, siderophores and acidic or alkaline secondary metabolites. The potential pathogenicity of a species is partly determined by its natural ecological niche. Dothideaceous black yeasts are osmotolerant rather than pathogenic. Herpotrichiellaceous black yeasts probably have low competitive ability and are found in rather special niches as secondary saprophytes, e.g., on bacterial mats, on other fungi or in poor environments. Some species possibly utilize animal vectors for dispersal.
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    The distribution and taxonomic value of fatty acids and eicosanoids in the Lipomycetaceae and Dipodascaceae (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63 (1993), S. 111-123 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: taxonomy ; fatty acids ; eicosanoids ; Lipomycetaceae ; Dipodascaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using radioimmunoassay, blood platelet aggregation studies and GC-MS the existence of prostaglandins in the endomycetalean yeastDipodascopsis uninucleata was confirmed by our group. These findings triggered the search for similar eicosanoids in the rest of the Endomycetales. We commenced by scanning for the easily detectable precursors of eicosanoids, linoleic- and linolenic acid. We selected two families (i.e. Lipomycetaceae and Dipodascaceae), both producing these precursors, for further investigation. Representative strains of the two families were tested for their ability to grow in the presence of 1mM aspirin, a specific inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis. In contrast to the lipomycetaceous species the dipodascaceous species were insensitive to this drug. These results were verified when representative strains of both families were investigated for their ability to produce eicosanoids from externally fed radio-labeled arachidonic acid along an aspirin sensitive pathway. Thin layer chromatography of culture extracts, followed by autoradiography, showed that while none of the Dipodascaceae produced aspirin sensitive arachidonic acid metabolites, the members of the Lipomycetaceae tested positive for these metabolites. These findings supported the separation of the lipomycetaceous yeastDipodascopsis from the Dipodascaceae. The findings also correlate with the delimitation of these yeasts in two families (i.e. Dipodascaceae and Lipomycetaceae). Further investigation indicated that prostaglandin production by the genusDipodascopsis is mainly associated with ascosporogenesis. Thin layer chromatography of cell extracts fromDipodascopsis tóthii, followed by scintillation counting, indicated the presence of PGF2α and PGE2 during ascosporogenesis.
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    The use of karyotyping in the systematics of yeasts (1993)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63 (1993), S. 157-163 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: yeast ; taxonomy ; karyotyping ; Hortaea ; Filobasidiella ; Malassezia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of electrophoretic karyotyping in systematics of yeasts is discussed. New data are provided on the karyotypes of the medically important fungiHortaea werneckii, Filobasidiella (=Cryptococcus)neoformans, andMalassezia species.Hortaea werneckii has twelve to eighteen bands of chromosomal DNA, ranging in size between 500 and 2300 kb. The karyotypes ofFilobasidiella neoformans consist of seven to fourteen bands of chromosomal DNA. The varietiesneoformans andbacillispora cannot be separated by their karyotypes, and no obvious correlation was found with serotypes, geography or habitat. All strains ofMalassezia pachydermatis studied have similar karyotypes consisting of five bands, whereas inM. furfur, four different karyotypes are prevalent. However, each of these karyotypes is stable.
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    Systematics of the ascomycetous yeasts assessed from ribosomal RNA sequence divergence (1993)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63 (1993), S. 165-174 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: endomycetales ; phylogeny ; ribosomal RNA ; schizosaccharomycetales ; taxonomy ; yeasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extent of divergence in partial nucleotide sequences from large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs was used to estimate genetic relationships among ascomycetous yeasts and yeastlike fungi. The comparisons showed four phylogenetically distinct groups comprised of the following taxa: Group 1. The budding yeastsSaccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis, Debaryomyces, Metschnikowia, Saturnospora, andLipomyces, and the yeastlike generaAscoidea, Cephaloascus, Dipodascus, Dipodascopsis, andGalactomyces; Group 2.Eremascus, Emericella andCeratocystis; Group 3.Taphrina andProtomyces; Group 4.Schizosaccharomyces. Because of the genetic relationships indicated by sequence analysis, Group 1 taxa are retained in the order Endomycetales, andSchizosaccharomyces is retained in the Schizosaccharomycetales Prillinger et al. ex Kurtzman.
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    Phylogenetic relationships ofCryptococcus neoformans and some related basidiomycetous yeasts determined from partial large subunit rRNA sequences (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63 (1993), S. 175-189 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Cryptococcus ; Trichosporon ; rRNA ; phylogeny ; taxonomy ; basidiomycetous yeasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genusCryptococcus was found to be heterogeneous on the basis of partial rRNA sequences. The human-pathogenic speciesC. neoformans, comprising 4 serotypes and havingFilobasidiella neoformans andF. bacillispora as teleomorphs, was found at a relatively large distance fromFilobasidium. Serotypes B and C had identical sequences, while in A and D they were different, with D closer to B and C than to A.Filobasidiella depauperata, which lacks a yeast-like anamorph, clustered withF. neoformans. The genusFilobasidium was clearly separated fromFilobasidiella and clustered withC. albidus, C. kuetzingii, C. gastricus, C. lupi, C. vishniaciae, C. bhutanensis, C. aerius, C. terreus andC. ater. The latter may represent the anamorph ofFilobasidium elegans. The organe to red species ofCryptococcus, as well asC. aquaticus andC. yarrowii, were found completely unrelated with these taxa,C. macerans being affiliated toCystofilobasidium capitatum. The genusTrichosporon was found relatively homogeneous; it includesC. humicola, C. curvatus and the filamentous speciesHyalodendron lignicola. Cryptococcus flavus andC. dimennae probably belong to the Tremellales, though distances between these species are large. The positions ofC. laurentii andC. luteolus remains to be determined.
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    Nutritional physiology and selective isolation ofExophiala dermatitidis (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64 (1993), S. 17-26 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Exophiala ; Wangiella ; black yeasts ; taxonomy ; physiology ; chromoblastomycosis ; cystic fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nutritional physiology of ten strains ofExophiala dermatitidis was investigated. The growth reactions to lactose, citrate, nitrate, nitrite, lysine, creatine and creatinine differ from those found in closely related black yeasts. In addition, it is the onlyExophiala species which is able to grow at 40° C. A selective medium containingmeso-erythritol as sole carbon source was evaluated. This medium is particularly useful for the isolaton of black yeasts from lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis as well as from the environment.
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    Genetic interrelationships of proteolyticClostridium botulinum types A, B, and F and other members of theClostridium botulinum complex as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64 (1993), S. 273-283 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: 16S rRNA ; Clostridium botulinum ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic interrelationships of members of theClostridium botulinum complex of species was investigated by direct sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences demonstrated the presence of four phylogenetically distinct lineages corresponding to: i) proteolyticC. botulinum types A, B, and F, andC. sporogenes, ii) saccharolytic types B, E and F, iii) types C and D andC. novyi type A, and iv) type G andC. subterminale. The phylogenetic groupings obtained from the 16S rRNA were in complete agreement with the four divisions recognised within the ‘species complex’ on the basis of phenotypic criteria.
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    A polyphasic taxonomic study of thermophilic bacilli from a wide geographical area (1993)
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    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64 (1993), S. 357-386 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Bacillus ; nomenclature ; thermophile ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two hundred and thirty-four thermophilicBacillus strains isolated from geographically widespread locations were examined by phenotypic characterisation followed by numerical analysis. The strains were distributed between eighteen cluster-groups which were subsequently evaluated in DNA base composition and DNA sequence homology studies. The inclusion of type and reference strains unambiguously identified strains related toB. licheniformis, B. pallidus, B. smithii, B. stearothermophilus, B. thermocloacae and B. thermoglucosidasius. Other reference strains included in distinctive groups were ‘B. caldotenax’, together with ‘B. caldovelox’ and ‘B. caldolyticus’,B. kaustophilus and ‘B. thermodenitrificans’. An emended description ofB. kaustophilus is provided. It is proposed that ‘B. caldotenax’ and ‘B. thermodenitrificans’ should be accepted as validly described species. Members of other clusters that appeared to have distinctive characteristics, including beta-glucanase production and the ability to degrade tyrosine, may provide the nuclei of further novel species.
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    Taxonomic problems with the species Keratella hiemalis (1993)
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    Hydrobiologia 255-256 (1993), S. 441-443 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; taxonomy ; eocology ; species definition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Keratella hiemalis was described by Carlin (1943) from Motalaström in southern Sweden. It was distinguished from K. quadrata by its low morphological variability and its occurrence at only low temperatures. Morphological characteristics are: straight lateral borders of carapace and spines, caudal spines of medium length, and triangular, first median facet. The species has been found by many authors in the hypolimnion of oligotrophic lakes. Some workers have applied the name Hiemalis to a similarly-sized species, K. testudo. This species occurs in high mountain and arctic pools and displays substantial morphological variability.
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    Phylogeny of the phylum Rotifera: a workshop (1993)
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    Hydrobiologia 255-256 (1993), S. 491-493 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Acanthocephala ; evolution ; phylogeny ; Rotifera ; systematics ; taxonomy ; workshop
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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    Freshwater leeches from Yemen (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 263 (1993), S. 185-190 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: leech ; taxonomy ; distribution ; new record ; Yemen ; biogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of freshwater leeches in ten different wadis in Yemen was determined. Four species were recorded for the first time: Batracobdelloides tricarinatus, Helobdella conifera, Limnatis nilotica and Placobdelloides multistriatus. These species, typically found in Africa, are recorded in Yemen on the border of two biogeographical regions.
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    Morphological variability of the diatom Cyclotella atomus Hustedt var. atomus and C. atomus var. gracilis var. nov. (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 269-270 (1993), S. 39-47 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Bacillariophyceae ; Centrales ; Cyclotella atomus ; taxonomy ; EM morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyclotella atomus collected from different rivers, reservoirs and lakes shows considerable morphological variability. On the basis of electronmicroscopic (EM) study, we propose Cyclotella atomus var. gracilis Genkal et Kiss as a new variety of this species. Cyclotella atomus var. atomus has short and long radial striae, which are irregularly arranged on the same valve, and the alveolar chambers are not clearly divided from the central, hyaline part of the valve face. In addition to the described basic form, several specimens with other features have also been found and are thought to belong to an undescribed variety. The striae of the new variety are equal in length, and the alveolar chambers are clearly divided from the hyaline central area of the valve face by a curved structure. There are EM micrographs on Cyclotella atomus var. gracilis under different names in different papers. The new variety has several characteristics also found in other species, e.g. Cyclotella caspia Grun., or C. meneghiniana Kütz.
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    Variation in resistance of Mexican landraces of maize to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, in relation to taxonomic and biochemical parameters (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 227-236 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: resistance ; taxonomy ; maize ; maize weevil ; indigenous landraces ; phenolic acids ; life history components ; indirect selection ; Zea mays ; Sitophilus zeamais
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Accessions representing twenty eight landraces of maize were assessed for susceptibility to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais in standardized resistance tests. Susceptibility parameters such as weight loss of grain, number of insect progeny produced, the Dobie index of susceptibility, and oviposition on grain were found to vary significantly by genotype, with exceptional resistance found in accessions representing the Naltel, Chapalote and Palomero landraces. As in improved genotypes, susceptibility was negatively correlated to phenolic and protein content of the variety tested but positively correlated to moisture content. A detailed analysis of the phenolics revealed the presence of diferulate which may contribute to mechanical resistance of the seed by cross-linking of cell wall hemicelluloses. A canonical discriminant analysis of the resistance data suggests that most of the five landrace groupings are significantly different. The ancient indigenous and prehistoric mestisos groupings are sources of resistant genotypes.
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    Cranial capacity in hominid evolution (1993)
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    Human evolution 8 (1993), S. 205-216 
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    ISSN: 1824-310X
    Keywords: Brain size ; Encephalization Quotient ; gradualism ; punctuated equilibrium ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present an analysis of cranial capacity of 118 hominid crania available from the literature. The crania belong to both the genusAustralopithecus andHomo and provide a clear outline of hominid cranial evolution starting at more than 3 million years ago. Beginning withA. afarensis there is a clear increase in both absolute and relative brain size with every successive time period.H.s. neandertal has an absolutely and relatively smaller brain size (1412cc, E.Q.=5.6) than fossil modernH.s. sapiens (1487cc, E.Q.=5.9). Three evolutionary models of hominid brain evolution were tested: gradualism, punctuated equilibrium, and a mixed model using both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both parametric and non-parametric analyses show a clear trend toward increasing brain size withH. erectus and a possible relationship within archaicH. sapiens. An evolutionary stasis in cranial capacity could not be refuted for all other taxa. Consequently, the mixed model appears to more fully explain hominid cranial capacity evolution. However, taxonomic decisions could directly compromise the possibility of testing the evolutionary mechanisms hypothesized to be operating in hominid brain expansion.
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