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  • Books
  • Other Sources  (1,482)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (1,076)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (406)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (1,482)
  • 1992  (1,482)
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  • Books
  • Other Sources  (1,482)
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (1,482)
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  • 1
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    NASA to Use Telepresence to Explore Antarctic Lakes (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Scenes of Antarctic lakes using telepresence are contained in this video. Dr. Carol Stroker, a scientist from Ames Research Center, explains how images from a camera on a remote vehicle are projected directly into your eyes so that your entire field of view is filled with the information from these images. She also states that Virtual Reality would help to expand the range of access we have to Mars and would allow robots to do scientific work.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-110567 , AAV-1427 , NONP-NASA-VT-95-46002
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Gravity modeling of Mars and Venus at NASA/GSFC (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The paper describes the results from the development of improved high-resolution gravity models of Mars and Venus carried out at Goddard Space Flight Center, together with the solution design and the tracking data employed. These models are spherical harmonic expansions complete to degrees 50 and 36 for Mars and Venus, respectively. Both models result in improved orbital computation accuracies over previously available models, and in improved resolution of geophysical features. The paper also discusses new developments anticipated in the future.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: In: From Mars to Greenland: Charting gravity with space and airborne instruments - Fields, tides, methods, results (A93-55951 24-46); p. 11-27.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Properties of the gravity fields of terrestrial planets (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The properties of the gravity fields of the earth, Mars, and Venus, as expressed by spherical harmonic coefficients, are examined, using the harmonic expansions of the respective planetary topographies reported by Balmino et al. (1973), Bills and Ferrari (1978), and Bills and Kobrick (1985). The items examined include the spectral magnitudes and slopes of the gravity coefficients; the correlations between gravity and topography; and the correlations among different gravity harmonics, expressed by axiality and angularity. It was found that Venus differs from the other two planets in its great apparent depths of compensation, indicating a tectonics dominated by a stiff upper mantle. In addition, Venus has less activity deep in the mantle than do earth or Mars. Mars is marked by large gravity irregularities, as well as by their axial symmetry on a global scale. Although earth is probably the most peculiar planet, spherical harmonics do not bring out its varied characteristics. It is clearly a more active planet than Venus, with activity deep in the mantle. The lower magnitude of its higher harmonics is considered to be due to water recycled to the upper mantle.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: In: From Mars to Greenland: Charting gravity with space and airborne instruments - Fields, tides, methods, results (A93-55951 24-46); p. 1-10.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Registration of interferometric SAR images (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) is a new way of performing topography mapping. Among the factors critical to mapping accuracy is the registration of the complex SAR images from repeated orbits. A new algorithm for registering interferometric SAR images is presented. A new figure of merit, the average fluctuation function of the phase difference image, is proposed to evaluate the fringe pattern quality. The process of adjusting the registration parameters according to the fringe pattern quality is optimized through a downhill simplex minimization algorithm. The results of applying the proposed algorithm to register two pairs of Seasat SAR images with a short baseline (75 m) and a long baseline (500 m) are shown. It is found that the average fluctuation function is a very stable measure of fringe pattern quality allowing very accurate registration.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1579-1581.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    New developments of a knowledge based system (VEG) for inferring vegetation characteristics (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An extraction technique for inferring physical and biological surface properties of vegetation using nadir and/or directional reflectance data as input has been developed. A knowledge-based system (VEG) accepts spectral data of an unknown target as input, determines the best strategy for inferring the desired vegetation characteristic, applies the strategy to the target data, and provides a rigorous estimate of the accuracy of the inference. Progress in developing the system is presented. VEG combines methods from remote sensing and artificial intelligence, and integrates input spectral measurements with diverse knowledge bases. VEG has been developed to (1) infer spectral hemispherical reflectance from any combination of nadir and/or off-nadir view angles; (2) test and develop new extraction techniques on an internal spectral database; (3) browse, plot, or analyze directional reflectance data in the system's spectral database; (4) discriminate between user-defined vegetation classes using spectral and directional reflectance relationships; and (5) infer unknown view angles from known view angles (known as view angle extension).
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 763-765.
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  • 6
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    Gap probability - Measurements and models of a pecan orchard (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Measurements and models are compared for gap probability in a pecan orchard. Measurements are based on panoramic photographs of 50* by 135 view angle made under the canopy looking upwards at regular positions along transects between orchard trees. The gap probability model is driven by geometric parameters at two levels-crown and leaf. Crown level parameters include the shape of the crown envelope and spacing of crowns; leaf level parameters include leaf size and shape, leaf area index, and leaf angle, all as functions of canopy position.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 760-762.
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  • 7
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    Vacuum melting and mechanical testing of simulated lunar glasses (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Lunar silicate glasses may possess superior mechanical properties compared to terrestrial glasses because the anhydrous lunar environment should prevent hydrolytic weakening of the strong Si-O bonds. This hypothesis was tested by melting, solidifying, and determining the fracture toughness of simulated mare and highlands composition glasses in a high vacuum chamber. The fracture toughness, K(IC), of the resulting glasses was obtained via microindentation techniques. K(IC) increased as the testing environment was changed from air to a vacuum of 10 exp -7 torr. However, this increase in toughness may not result solely from a reduction in the hydrolytic weakening effect; the vacuum-melting process produced both the formation of spinel crystallites on the surfaces of the glass samples and significant changes in the compositions which may have contributed to the improved K(IC).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: In: Engineering, construction, and operations in space III: Space '92; Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, Denver, CO, May 31-June 4, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-41976 17-12); p. 1219-1231.
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  • 8
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    On the origin of the prograde rotation of the planets (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A series of analytic and numerical calculations of the systematic component of angular momentum accretion is described. Wide ranges of planetesimal eccentricities and planetary radii are considered. Numerical simulations using a Rayleigh distribution of eH values show that very little prograde rotation is produced in a disk with a realistically broad range of planetesimal eccentricities. It is hypothesized that the observed spin rates may result from nonuniformities in the disk of planetesimals, specifically, a partial gap in planetesimal semimajor axes around that of the planet. This would yield an overabundance of impactors from the edges of the planet's accretion zone. Bodies from this region produce strongly prograde rotation at most values of eH.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomicheskii Vestnik (ISSN 0320-930X); 26; 6; p. 54-78.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    The Martian dust cycle (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Martian dust plays a key role in determining the current climate of Mars, and is suspected of having had a major influence on the evolution of the surface and the history of climatic conditions on the planet. From spacecraft and ground-based observations, some understanding has been acquired of the styles and frequency of dust motion in the atmosphere and at the surface, of atmospheric dust loading, dust particle properties, and their variability. Limited constraints have also been derived for the volumes and ages of some potential dust reservoirs on the surface. These data are adequate to frame questions about the seasonal and long-term cycles of dust of Mars. Additional data are needed to place quantitative constraints on components of these cycles, on their possible linkage to one another, and to draw conclusions from the dust budget about the climate history of Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: In: Mars (A93-27852 09-91); p. 1017-1053.
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  • 10
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    Aeronomy of the current Martian atmosphere (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The thermal structure of the Martian atmosphere, which varies diurnally, seasonally and episodically, is discussed. The atomic oxygen airglow at 1304 A is used to determine the density of atomic oxygen, and the 1216-A Lyman-alpha line is used to calculate the density of atomic hydrogen and, when coupled with the temperature measurement, the escape flux of atomic hydrogen. The most intense airglow is the IR atmospheric band of O2 at 1.27 micron that results from the photodissociation of ozone. The escape mechanism for atomic hydrogen is thermal, or Jeans, escape, while the atomic oxygen escape is caused by a nonthermal process, namely, the dissociative recombination of O2(+). The ratio of deuterium to hydrogen is enriched by a factor of 6. Three-dimensional models of the Mars thermospheric circulation show that planetary rotation has a significant effect on the wind, composition, and temperature structure.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: In: Mars (A93-27852 09-91); p. 1054-1089.
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