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  • 36.40. + d  (51)
  • Springer  (51)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1990-1994  (51)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1991  (51)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (51)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Oxford University Press
Years
  • 1990-1994  (51)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orbital magnetism in finite size systems (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 247-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 75.20.-g ; 35.20.My ; 36.40. + d
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The orbital magnetism in atoms is described in terms of Larmor diamagnetic and van Vleck paramagnetic contributions. The orbital magnetism in metals is described by Landau diamagnetism. Here, a discussion of the intermediate, mesoscopic regime is presented using a simple free-particle-in-a-box approximation. It is argued that, in general, one cannot separate Larmor and van Vleck contributions, and that the total susceptibility is expected to be small. The conclusions are illustrated on some experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic deflection of neutral metal clusters in a beam (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d ; 75.50.Cc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new apparatus for measuring the magnetic properties of metal clusters has been constructed. The technique involves the conventional Stern-Gerlach deflection scheme together with modern pulsed laser vaporization source technology and time of flight mass spectrometry. High field seeking monodirectional deflections have been measured for cobalt clusters containing between 40 and 400 atoms. The measured magnetic moments per atom are found to be lower than the known values for the bulk. Special attention has been given to velocity measurements of the metal clusters and the carrier gas atoms in the beam. The residence time of the particles in the source cavity has been measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetry and ferromagnetic clusters (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 255-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 31.20. Sy ; 36.40. + d ; 75.60. Jp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Isomers of pure Fe13 and icosahedral Fe12X clusters are studied using the all-electron linear-combination-of-Gaussian-type-orbital (LCGTO) local-density-functional (LDF) methods that allow the spin and geometry of the cluster to be determined self-consistently. The Fe13 ground state is icosahedral. The icosahedral cluster also has the greatest magnetic moment because of increased symmetry-required orbital degeneracy for electrons of different spins. The central atom of the icosahedral iron cluster has been varied to optimize the spin of the cluster keeping the oribital contribution to the magnetic moment quenched. Varying the central atom under this constraint can alter the magnetic moment by more than 20%. Similar studies have begun on 55-atom icosahedral iron clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of 3d-transition-metal alloy clusters: (Fe x Cr1−x ) n (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 263-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present results for the magnetic properties of (Fe x Cr1−x ) n alloy clusters obtained by using a tight-binding Hubbard Hamiltonian in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation. The dependence of the average magnetic moment, local magnetic moments, magnetic order, and cohesive energy on the size and composition of the cluster were determined. In agreement with surface calculations, we find that the average magnetic moment of the alloy is larger than that of the cluster of one element. Forn=15 a transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic order is obtained forx≈0.4−0.53. We discuss the importance of the overlap interaction in the spin polarized charge distribution of the alloy (e.g., charge transfer, local magnetic moments). The characteristic properties of the mixed clusters are also discussed by comparison with available results for homogeneous clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of supported palladium, silver and gold clusters (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d ; 61.16.Di
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Clusters nucleated by inert gas aggregation have been studied by HREM. The clusters were supported by amorphous carbon films and by crystalline graphite fibres. Multiply twinned particles with 5-fold axes of symmetry were observed whose structures and orientations are discussed. It is also demonstrated that crystalline graphite substrates can be used to calibrate lattice distances and to improve the image processing. With the help of computer simulations complex structures were resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448316
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultra-fine particles of TiN (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 299-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 61.16D ; 61.50J ; 81.15J ; 36.40. + d
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ultra-fine particles of TiN have been produced by evaporating titanium in an atmosphere of helium and nitrogen. After evaporation titanium is cooled by the helium gas and small particles are formed. These are extremely reactive and react with the nitrogen gas making nitride. The particles were either collected as a powder on a vertical tube cooled by liquid nitrogen, or as a surface coating on some areas of the tungsten crucible. The produced powder was observed to consist of single crystalline particles with sizes ranging from 5 to 20 nm. The only phase observed was the δ-phase (fcc, NaCl-structure), and the dominating particle morphology was cubic with (100)-surfaces. Due to the size of the particles it was not possible to determine the stoichiometry by accurate lattice parameter measurements. However, quantitative electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was applied on single particles and indicated a quite low content of nitrogen (about 33 at%). Some areas of the tungsten evaporation source were covered with a 10 μm thick TiN coating with its typical yellowish colour. The grains had a size of 1–10 μm and a rectangular shape. The grains were heavily stressed and had an amount of nitrogen quite similar to that of the small particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448315
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion of small particles of palladium on Al2O3 (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 315-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d ; 38.65. − i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The adhesion of small particles of palladium prepared by thermal evaporation onto a substrate of Al2O3 was studied. Al2O3 was obtained by oxidation of a pollycristalline aluminum strip. The deposit of palladium was observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy which allowed to determine the size and the density of particles according to the average deposition thickness. The adhesion of particles was determined by two methods: the study of particle number density, and the study of the particle shapes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448319
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth mechanism of gold particles on Al2O3 substrates (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 311-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d ; 61.16.D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the growth of small gold particles on thin alumina substrates obtained by oxidation of aluminum. The particles were vapor deposited in vacuum from a Knudsen cell source with a vapor rate of 1·1013 cm−2·s−1. In our experiments small Au particles on Al2O3 were examined by electron microscopy. From electron micrographs we draw a size histogram of Au particles depending on the mean deposit thickness and the deposition rate. For a mean thickness larger than 1.5 nm the particle size distributions show two peaks. The shapes and the positions of these two peaks allow us to determine the particle growth mechanism and to evidence the importance of the liquid-like coalescence resulting of diffusion and collision of the aggregates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448318
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning tunneling microscopy of sputtered aluminum particles (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 323-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d ; 61.16.Di
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The scanning tunneling microscope is an ideal tool to study the local geometric and electronic structure of single supported metal clusters. Our experimental setup consists of an extraction type ion gun combined with a quadrupol mass spectrometer to deposit mass-selected metal cluster. ions. First results showing scanning tunneling microscopy pictures of sputtered aluminum clusters are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448321
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicon clusters: chemistry and structure (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d ; 82.20.Pm ; 82.30.Fi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The chemical reactions of size selected silicon cluster ions (containing up to 70 atoms) have been studied with a number of different reagents using injected ion drift tube techniques. Both kinetic and equilibrium measurements have been performed as a function of temperature, and the influence of cluster annealing on chemical reactivity explored. Unlike metal clusters, where bulk behavior appears to be approached with around 30 atoms, large silicon clusters (n up to 70) are much less reactive than bulk silicon surfaces. These results suggest that the clusters in the size range examined here are not small crystals of bulk silicon, but have compact, high coordination number structures with few dangling bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448324
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