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  • Articles  (37)
  • maize  (37)
  • Springer  (37)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (37)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1991  (37)
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  • Articles  (37)
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Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (37)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (37)
  • 1980-1984
Year
Topic
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The combination of a novel stimulatory element in the first exon of the maize Shrunken-1 gene with the following intron 1 enhances reporter gene expression up to 1000-fold (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 199-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: enhanced gene expression ; exon ; intron ; maize ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Both exon 1 and intron 1 of the maize Shrunken-1 (Sh1) gene individually stimulate expression of reporter genes in transient gene expression experiments if present within the transcription unit. The Sh1 exon 1 mediates a 10-fold increase in activity when inserted at the 5′ end of the bacterial chloramphenicol transacetylase (CAT) marker gene in both monocot and dicot protoplasts. The Sh1 intron 1 enhances chimeric gene expression in rice and maize protoplasts approximately 100-fold but inhibits CAT expression in tobacco protoplasts. In combination, the stimulatory effects of Sh1 exon 1 and intron 1 are multiplicative in monocot protoplasts resulting in a final enhancement of up to 1000-fold compared to the unmodified CAT or luciferase marker genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020552
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encodingB-Peru, a regulatory protein of the anthocyanin pathway in maize (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: anthocyanin ; B-Peru ; maize ; transcription activator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036813
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of two cDNAs encoding the adenine nucleotide translocator from Zea mays L. (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 305-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: adenine nucleotide translocator ; ADP/ATP translocase ; mitochondria ; maize ; inner mitochondrial membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039511
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entire maize chloroplast genome is stably maintained in a yeast artificial chromosome (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chloroplast genome ; cloning in YACs ; maize ; stability analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 139 kb circular maize chloroplast genome was cloned in a linear form in a single yeast artificial chromosome (YAC), and several such clones were then analyzed to study the stability of large DNA sequences in YACs. The YAC clones were isolated from a partial maize DNA YAC library. The library was constructed byBal-31 nuclease digestion of high-molecular-weight total maize genomic DNA followed by blunt-end ligation into a modified YAC vector, pYAC11. All chloroplast genome-containing YACs (cpYACs) were characterized by comparing their restriction enzyme digestion patterns with that of purified maize chloroplast DNA (MCD). Comparison of the restriction patterns of four cpYACs, MY503, MY504, MY518 and MY526, with that of MCD did not show any change in the size of the restriction fragments except at the chloroplast DNA-vector junction fragments. These altered size fragments were confirmed as junction fragments by hybridization of the pYAC11 border fragments. The end-specific T3 and T7 transcripts synthesized from MY503 also identified the same junction fragments as did the pYAC11 border fragments. Most cpYACs were completely stable through the analyzed one hundred generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040631
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for RNA species induced by substituted benzenesulfonamides in corn (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 679-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: herbicide safener ; maize ; inducible plant genes ; differential gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A search of compounds capable of inducing specific gene expression in plants without affecting growth and development led to the examination of changes in the pattern of gene expression in corn after treatment with substituted benzenesulfonamide herbicide safeners. Following hydroponic treatment of corn with the safener N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2-CBSU), the specific induction of new translatable mRNA species was observed. Replicate copies of a cDNA library made using RNA from 2-CBSU-treated corn roots were differentially screened with cDNA probes made from either the same mRNA fraction used for library construction or mRNA isolated from roots treated with 2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2-CBSA), an inactive analog of the safener. Colonies showing hybridization only with the probe made using mRNA from 2-CBSU-treated roots were further characterized to assess the specificity of the induction and decay of the corresponding induced RNA species. RNA blot analyses showed two clones, designated In2-1 and In2-2, contained plasmids that hybridized to RNAs that were induced from an undetectable background in corn roots within 30 minutes after treatment with 2-CBSU. Leaf and meristem tissues showed similar inductions of the In2-1 and In2-2 RNA species after a delay of several hours. In addition, both RNA species were induced in corn by foliar application of 2-CBSU. In contrast, neither RNA species was induced following stress treatments of plants. These results indicate a substituted benzenesulfonamide safener might be used with the promoters from the In2-1 and In2-2 genes to develop a new inducible gene expression system for plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037053
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whole-cell and single-channel currents across the plasmalemma of corn shoot suspension cells (1991)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 121 (1991), S. 11-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: channel ; protoplast ; K+ current ; patch clamp ; corn ; maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Whole-cell sealed-on pipettes have been used to measure electrical properties of the plasmalemma surrounding protoplasts isolated from Black Mexican sweet corn shoot cells from suspension culture. In these protoplasts the membrane resting potential (V m ) was found to be −59±23 mV (n=23) in 1mm K o − . The meanV m became more negative as [K−] o decreased, but was more positive than the K+ equilibrium potential. There was no evidence of electrogenic pump activity. We describe four features of the current-voltage characteristic of the plasmalemma of these protoplasts which show voltagegated channel activity. Depolarization of the whole-cell membrane from the resting potential activates time- and voltage-dependent outward current through K+-selective channels. A local minimum in the outward current-voltage curve nearV m =150 mV suggests that these currents are mediated by two populations of K+-selective channels. The absence of this minimum in the presence of verapamil suggests that the activation of one channel population depends on the influx of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm. We identify unitary currents from two K+-selective channel populations (40 and 125 pS) which open when the membrane is depolarized; it is possible that these mediate the outward whole-cell current. Hyperpolarization of the membrane from the resting potential produces time- and voltage-dependent inward whole-cell current. Current activation is fast and follows an exponential time course. The current saturates and in some cases decreases at membrane potentials more negative than −175 mV. This current is conducted by poorly selective K+ channels, whereP Cl/P K=0.43±0.15. We describe a low conductance (20 pS) channel population of unknown selectivity which opens when the membrane is hyperpolarized. It is possible that these channels mediate inward whole-cell current. When the membrane is hyperpolarized to potentials more negative than −250 mV large, irregular inward current is activated. A third type of inward whole-cell current is briefly described. This activates slowly and with a U-shaped current-voltage curve over the range of membrane potentials −90〈V m 〈0 mV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01870647
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetrometer resistance, root penetration resistance and root elongation rate in two sandy loam soils (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 131 (1991), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: maize ; mechanical stress ; penetrometer ; root growth ; sandy loam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Root penetration resistance and elongation of maize seedling roots were measured directly in undisturbed cores of two sandy loam soils. Root elongation rate was negatively correlated with root penetration resistance, and was reduced to about 50 to 60% of that of unimpeded controls by a resistance of between 0.26 and 0.47 MPa. Resistance to a 30° semiangle, 1 mm diameter penetrometer was between about 4.5 and 7.5 times greater than the measured root penetration resistance. However, resistance to a 5° semiangle, 1 mm diameter probe was approximately the same as the resistnace to root penetration after subtracting the frictional component of resistance. The diameter of roots grown in the undisturbed cores was greater than that of roots grown in loose soil, probably as a direct result of the larger mechanical impedance in the cores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010420
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Old tree root channels in acid soils in the humid tropics: Important for crop root penetration, water infiltration and nitrogen management (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 134 (1991), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cassava ; Guelph permeameter ; leaching ; maize ; methylene blue ; rice ; rooting depth ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Under high rainfall conditions on acid soils with shallow crop root systems the rate of N leaching is high. A simple model predicts nitrogen uptake efficiency as a function of the amount of rainfall in excess of evapotranspiration, rooting depth and degree to which N leaching is retarded in comparison with water transport. Field observations on acid soils in S.E. Nigeria and S. Sumatera (Indonesia) showed that this model should be amended to include the role of old tree root channels. Crop roots can follow these channels, which are coated with partly decayed organic matter, into the acid subsoil. Measurements of water infiltration with a Guelph permeameter and a methylene blue dye showed that such channels form the major infiltration sites during rainstorms. Implications for nitrogen use efficiency and cropping pattern are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010715
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of limestone and gypsum application to a Malaysian ultisol on soil solution composition and yields of maize and groundnut (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 134 (1991), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; calcium ; groundnut ; gypsum ; limestone ; magnesium ; maize ; soil solution ; ultisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment was conducted on an Ultisol in Malaysia to assess changes in soil solution composition and their effects on maize and groundnut yields, resulting from limestone and gypsum application. The results showed that soil solution Ca in the lime treatment remained mainly in the zone of incorporation, but in the gypsum treatment some Ca moved into 15–30 cm zone. Al3+ and AlSO4 + were dominant Al species in the soil solution of nil treatment. Liming decreased Al3+ and AlSO4 +, but increased hydroxy-Al monomer activities. However, gypsum application resulted in an increase of AlSO4 + activity and in a decrease of Al3+ activity. Relative maize and groundnut yields were negatively correlated with Al3+, Al(OH)2+ and Alsum activities. Likewise, relative yields were negatively correlated with Al concentration and the Al concentration ratio and positively correlated with soil solution Mg concentration and Ca/Al ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010716
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobilization of cadmium and other metals from two soils by root exudates of Zea mays L., Nicotiana tabacum L. and Nicotiana rustica L. (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cadmium ; copper ; extraction method ; iron ; maize ; manganese ; nickel ; root exudate ; tobacco ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soluble root exudates were collected from three plants (Nicotiana tabacum L., Nicotiana rustica L. and Zea mays L.), grown under axenic and hydroponic conditions, in order to study their metal-solubilizing ability for Cd and other cations (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn). Nicotiana spp. and Zea mays L. root exudates differed markedly in C/N ratio, sugars vs. amino acids ratio and organic acids content. Metals from two soils were extracted with either root exudate solutions, containing equal amounts of organic carbon, or distilled water as control. In the presence or absence of root exudates, the solubility of Fe and Mn was much higher than of the four other metals tested. Root exudates increased the solubilities of Mn and Cu, whereas those of Ni and Zn were not affected. Root exudates of Nicotiana spp. enhanced the solubility of Cd. The extent of Cd extraction by root exudates (N. tabacum L. N. rustica L. Zea mays L.) was similar to the order of Cd bioavailability to these three plants when grown on soil. An increase in Cd solubility in the rhizosphere of apical root zones due to root exudates is likely to be an important cause of the relatively high Cd accumulation in Nicotiana spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010399
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