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  • Articles  (110)
  • 36.40  (59)
  • 36.40. + d  (51)
  • Springer  (110)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (110)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1991  (110)
Collection
  • Articles  (110)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (110)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (110)
  • 1980-1984
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent raman spectroscopy of nitrogen molecules and clusters in supersonic jets (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 42.65 ; 47.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Coherent Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering CSRS and CARS have been employed to study the spectroscopy of nitrogen molecules and clusters in the expansion of a supersonic jet. In the vibrational spectrum, at strong stagnation conditions, an intense redshifted peak is observed which can be assigned to the intramolecular vibrations in large N2 clusters having adopted the β-phase structure. Another weak feature is assigned to nitrogen clusters in the α-phase. In the rotational region of the spectrum only monomer features have been observed. The failing to observe librational motions is consistent with the finding that the nitrogen clusters are predominantly in the orientationally unordered β-phase. The low rotational temperature suggests supercooling of the β-phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357660
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-fluorescence diagnostics for condensation in laser-ablated copper plasmas (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 36.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We are investigating the thermodynamic conditions under which condensation occurs in laser ablated copper plasma plumes. The plasma is created by XeCl excimer laser ablation (308 nm, 300 mJ/pulse) at power densities from 500–1000 MW/cm2 into backing pressures of helium in the range 0–50 torr. We use laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to probe velocity and relative density of both atomic copper and the copper dimer molecule, Cu2, which is formed during condensation onset. At low pressure (10 mtorr), the atomic Cu velocity peaks at approximately 2×106 cm/s. Copper dimer time-of-flight data suggest that condensation onset occurs after the Cu atoms have slowed very significantly. Excitation scans of the Cu2A-X (0,0) and (1,1) bands yield a rotational and vibrational temperature in the neighborhood of 300 K for all conditions studied. Such low temperatures support the theory that Cu2 is formed under thermally and translationally cold conditions. Direct laser beam absorption is used to determine the number density of atomic copper. Typical densities attained with 5 torr of helium backing gas are 6–8×1013 cm−3. Rayleigh scattering from particulate is easily observable under conditions favorable to particulate production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331827
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cluster emission under ion bombardment of metallic targets (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 36.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mass spectroscopic studies of the neutral particles sputtered by Ar+ ions at 8 keV from polycrystaline samples have been performed, using non-resonant laser ionization and subsequent time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. Besides sputtered atoms, also dimer and trimer contributions in the order of 10−1 to 10−2 and 10−3 to 10−4, respectively, are found in the sputtered flux. The data obtained here together with previously published data by other groups for different bombarding energies provide strong support for the validity of the recombination model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324422
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-stimulated desorption of potassium atoms (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 445-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 82.65 ; 36.40 ; 73.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Desorption of K atoms by laser-excitation of surface plasmons in small K particles is reported. The desorption rate has been measured for different laser wavelengths and particle sizes. Time-of-flight measurements reveal a kinetic energy of the desorbed atoms of Ekin=0.13(3) eV. From the experimental data it is concluded that the desorption mechanism is non-thermal in nature. Comparison of the results reported here with our earlier work on Na desorption is made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323657
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orbital magnetism in finite size systems (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 247-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 75.20.-g ; 35.20.My ; 36.40. + d
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The orbital magnetism in atoms is described in terms of Larmor diamagnetic and van Vleck paramagnetic contributions. The orbital magnetism in metals is described by Landau diamagnetism. Here, a discussion of the intermediate, mesoscopic regime is presented using a simple free-particle-in-a-box approximation. It is argued that, in general, one cannot separate Larmor and van Vleck contributions, and that the total susceptibility is expected to be small. The conclusions are illustrated on some experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic deflection of neutral metal clusters in a beam (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d ; 75.50.Cc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new apparatus for measuring the magnetic properties of metal clusters has been constructed. The technique involves the conventional Stern-Gerlach deflection scheme together with modern pulsed laser vaporization source technology and time of flight mass spectrometry. High field seeking monodirectional deflections have been measured for cobalt clusters containing between 40 and 400 atoms. The measured magnetic moments per atom are found to be lower than the known values for the bulk. Special attention has been given to velocity measurements of the metal clusters and the carrier gas atoms in the beam. The residence time of the particles in the source cavity has been measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetry and ferromagnetic clusters (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 255-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 31.20. Sy ; 36.40. + d ; 75.60. Jp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Isomers of pure Fe13 and icosahedral Fe12X clusters are studied using the all-electron linear-combination-of-Gaussian-type-orbital (LCGTO) local-density-functional (LDF) methods that allow the spin and geometry of the cluster to be determined self-consistently. The Fe13 ground state is icosahedral. The icosahedral cluster also has the greatest magnetic moment because of increased symmetry-required orbital degeneracy for electrons of different spins. The central atom of the icosahedral iron cluster has been varied to optimize the spin of the cluster keeping the oribital contribution to the magnetic moment quenched. Varying the central atom under this constraint can alter the magnetic moment by more than 20%. Similar studies have begun on 55-atom icosahedral iron clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of 3d-transition-metal alloy clusters: (Fe x Cr1−x ) n (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 263-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present results for the magnetic properties of (Fe x Cr1−x ) n alloy clusters obtained by using a tight-binding Hubbard Hamiltonian in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation. The dependence of the average magnetic moment, local magnetic moments, magnetic order, and cohesive energy on the size and composition of the cluster were determined. In agreement with surface calculations, we find that the average magnetic moment of the alloy is larger than that of the cluster of one element. Forn=15 a transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic order is obtained forx≈0.4−0.53. We discuss the importance of the overlap interaction in the spin polarized charge distribution of the alloy (e.g., charge transfer, local magnetic moments). The characteristic properties of the mixed clusters are also discussed by comparison with available results for homogeneous clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of Sb and Bi cluster produced by laser desorption (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 79.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Direct production of cations and anions of metal clusters of Sb and Bi by laser evaporation in a vacuum has been studied. Bulk sample substrates are irradiated by 1064, 532 and 355 nm beams at variable intensity, and the ions produced are accelerated and identified by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. At 1064 nm, the cation distributions show that Sb 3 + and Bi 3 + are the most abundant species, while the monomer and dimer cations are almost non-existent. The anion spectra indicate very low yields of Sb− and Bi− with dominant dimer anion species. These patterns persist with laser power variation within the stable operation domain. With lower incident laser wavelength, the mass distributions are modified, favouring the production of the light cluster ions. In no circumstances were Sb and Bi ions withn〉5 observed. Many of the observed phenomena can be explained if one assumes that for these elements, clusters withn〈6 are formed on the substrate surface. Cluster ions are produced via a prompt desorption process, and are subjected to photon induced reactions due to the same incident laser beam. However, more detailed investigation of the desorption properties will be necessary to confirm such a desorption mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448292
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of supported palladium, silver and gold clusters (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1991), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40. + d ; 61.16.Di
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Clusters nucleated by inert gas aggregation have been studied by HREM. The clusters were supported by amorphous carbon films and by crystalline graphite fibres. Multiply twinned particles with 5-fold axes of symmetry were observed whose structures and orientations are discussed. It is also demonstrated that crystalline graphite substrates can be used to calibrate lattice distances and to improve the image processing. With the help of computer simulations complex structures were resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01448316
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