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  • Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
  • Meteorology and Climatology
  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1940-1944
  • 1991  (6)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
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    Weather Information Processing (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Science Communications International (SCI), formerly General Science Corporation, has developed several commercial products based upon experience acquired as a NASA Contractor. Among them are METPRO, a meteorological data acquisition and processing system, which has been widely used, RISKPRO, an environmental assessment system, and MAPPRO, a geographic information system. METPRO software is used to collect weather data from satellites, ground-based observation systems and radio weather broadcasts to generate weather maps, enabling potential disaster areas to receive advance warning. GSC's initial work for NASA Goddard Space Flight Center resulted in METPAK, a weather satellite data analysis system. METPAK led to the commercial METPRO system. The company also provides data to other government agencies, U.S. embassies and foreign countries.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Spinoff 1991; 94-95; NASA-NP-147
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Airborne Measurements of Cirrus Reflectance and Heights with Comparison to Polder Observations (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The NASA ER-2 high altitude aircraft cloud observation experiment includes visible, infrared and microwave radiometric imaging of cloud tops and combined lidar profiling of cloud tops. A special instrument is the Tilt Scan CCD Camera (TSCC) for measurements of cloud top multidirectional reflectance and polarization. Data have been acquired on the bi-directional reflectance of cirrus in the FIRE, TOGA/COARE, SUCCESS and WINCE cloud observation experiments. The FIRE, TOGA/COARE and SUCCESS observations include some cases of combined in situ crystal measurements and in all measurements, multispectral visible/IR cirrus microphysics retrievals are possible. The results for bi-directional reflectance for mid-latitude cirrus in the FIRE and SUCCESS missions are consistent with models for complex, multi-type crystal structure. These may be contrasted with tropical cirrus observation for which results are more typical of simple crystal structure. The cirrus multidirectional results may be compared and contrasted with those available from POLDER. In addition, during the WINCE experiment of January 1997 there were several targeted ER-2 for cloud observation underflights of POLDER on ADEOS, Comparison of direct cloud height measurement and multispectral radiometer analysis from ER-2 data with POLDER results are made.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Aerosol; Jan 18, 1999 - Jan 22, 1999; Meribel; France
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Removing Atmospheric Effects From AVIRIS Data for Surface Reflectance Retrievals (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Analysis of high resolution imaging spectrometer data requires a thorough compensation for atmospheric absorption and scattering. A method for retrieving surface reflectances from spectral data collected by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) is being developed. In this method, the integrated water vapor amount on a pixel by pixel basis is derived from the 0.94- and 1.14-micrometer water vapor features. The water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and methane (CH4) transmission spectrum in the 0.4-2.5 micrometer region is calculated. The derived water vapor value and the solar and observational geometry are used in the spectral calculation. The AVIRIS spectrum is ratioed against the transmission spectrum to obtain the surface reflectance spectrum. Major mineral absorption features near 2.2 micrometer in retrieved reflectance spectra can be identified. Different vegetation absorption characteristics are observed. At present, the method is most useful for deriving surface reflectances from AVIRIS data measured on clear days with high visibilities. Atmospheric scattering effects will be included in our spectral calculations in the near future.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Third Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectromer (AVIRIS) Workshop; May 20, 1991 - May 24, 1991; Pasadena, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Relationship Between Intraseasonal Oscillation and Subtropical Wind Maxima Over the South Pacific Ocean (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The significance of tropical heat sources on higher latitude jet streams has been examined by numerous investigators. Hurrell and Vincent (1990) provide a summary of many of these investigations in their observational case study of the relationship between tropical heating and subtropical wind maxima in the Southern Hemisphere during SOP-1, FGGE. They showed that the divergent outflow from tropical heating associated with the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), acted on by the coriolis force, was an important factor in maintaining the subtropical jet on the poleward side of the SPCZ during the period, 6-20 January 1979. They found a similar, but weaker relationship, over the southern Indian Ocean from 3-17 February 1979, a period when the SPCZ heating was greatly reduced and the jet was essentially non-existent. Since their findings were based on a case study and involved the use of the highly-specialized FGGE data set, the natural questions which arose were: (1) Is this relationship a regular feature of the circulation over the South Pacific? and, (2) If so, can it be detected with a routine data set? Another question posed by Hurrell and Vincent in their papers was:(3) How important was the intraseasonal oscillation in causing the enhanced heating and divergent outflow in the Pacific Ocean in January and southern Indian Ocean in February? The purpose of the present paper is to address the answer to these three questions. To accomplish this, some circulation features for an entire warm season in the Southern Hemisphere were examined. The year selected was 1984-85, and the warm season consisted of the 6-month period, 1 November 1984 - 30 April 1985. This period was chosen because there were numerous cases of the westerly wind maxima over the South Pacific and the intraseasonal oscillation was well documented.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NASA-CR-204114 , NAS 1.26:204114 , Fifth Conference on Climate Variations; 240-243|Climate Variations; Oct 14, 1991 - Oct 18, 1991; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Case Studies of Water Vapor and Surface Liquid Water from AVIRIS Data Measured Over Denver, CO and Death Valley, CA (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: High spatial resolution column atmospheric water vapor amounts and equivalent liquid water thicknesses of surface targets are retrieved from spectral data collected by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). The retrievals are made using a nonlinear least squares curve fitting technique. Two case studies from AVIRIS data acquired over Denver-Platteville area, Colorado and over Death Valley, California are presented. The column water vapor values derived from AVIRIS data over the Denver-Platteville area are compared with those obtained from radiosondes, ground level upward-looking microwave radiometers, and geostationary satellite measurements. The column water vapor image shows spatial variation patterns related to the passage of a weather front system. The column water vapor amounts derived from AVIRIS data over Death Valley decrease with increasing surface elevation. The derived liquid water image clearly shows surface drainage patterns.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Second Annual JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop; May 20, 1991 - May 24, 1991; Pasadena, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Two Years of Global Cirrus Cloud Statistics Using HIRS (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: A climatology of upper tropospheric semi-transparent cirrus clouds has been compiled using HIRS multispectral infrared data, sensitive to CO2 absorption, from the NOAA polar orbiting satellites. This is a report on the two years of data analyzed (June 1989 - May 1991). Semi-transparent clouds were found in 36% of the observations. Large seasonal changes were found in these clouds in many geographical areas; large changes occur in areas dominated by the ITCZ, the sub-tropical high pressure systems, and the mid-latitude storm belts. Semi-transparent clouds associated with these features move latitudinally with the seasons. These clouds also are more frequent in the summer hemisphere than the winter hemisphere. They appear to be linked to convective cloud development and the mid-latitudinal frontal weather systems. However, very thin semi-transparent cirrus has less seasonal movement than other cloud forms.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: AD-A351080
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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