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  • 101
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We recently identified an embryonic cell line (EE2H3) that has a defect in MHC class I assembly13'14. The phenotype of EE2H3 closely resembles that described for somatic cell mutants RMA-S and .174/T2 (refs 2, 3). By contrast, EE2H3 was established from primary cultures of mouse ...
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  • 102
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 241-245 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FIG. 1 P5 + 1 element can function as a transcription initiator (Inr). a, In vitro transcription of the P5 promoter, b, Specific transcription with the P5 + 1 element. Wild-type and mutant templates, illustrated at the top of each panel, were transcribed in HeLa nuclear extracts, and ...
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  • 103
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 249-250 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CHEMISTS and molecular physicists from Europe, North America and Japan met last month at a European Research Conference in Kreuth, near Munich, to discuss recent advances in the selectivity and resolution of methods for probing the spectroscopy and photoionization dynamics of small ...
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  • 104
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 93-93 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WHETHER the peace conference that opened in Madrid two weeks ago will settle the Middle East's old scores is far from clear, but some of Israel's early talk of how the West Bank may eventually be administered will be taken seriously in other troubled regions. The notorious difficulty ...
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  • 105
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 94-94 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] NOT for the first time, research into controlled nuclear fusion (the attempt to harness thermonuclear energy such as keeps stars shining) made newspaper headlines. The result, from the Joint European Torus (JET) at Culham in Oxfordshire, England (see page 95) is genuinely important. ...
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  • 106
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 95-95 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London THE first nuclear fusion experiment to use tritium in addition to deuterium produced a megawatt of power for two seconds at the Joint European Torus (JET) in Oxfordshire on 10 November. By introducing tritium into the plasma, JET scientists demonstrated the capacity of fusion ...
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  • 107
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 99-99 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] London THE announcement of next year's British science budget, which for the first time will top £1,000 million, has brought a collective sigh of relief from the UK research councils. Following the 1991-92 public expenditure statement, which education and science secretary ...
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  • 108
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 100-100 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London BRITAIN'S leading medical research charities have decided to take a more active role in the ongoing animal welfare debate. The newly formed Research for Health Charities Group (RHCG), which aims to explain the need for continued use of animals in medical research, is in part a ...
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  • 109
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 100-100 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sao Paulo A GROUP of prominent Brazilian scientists is predicting "imminent collapse" of work at universities and research institutions in Brazil because the budget for science and technology "is not being honoured by the federal government". This funding shortfall is not an unusual ...
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  • 110
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 5-5 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London THIS week, the last of the 700 Kuwaiti oil wells sabotaged during the Gulf War will be back under control, a mere seven months after the first well-control teams arrived in Kuwait. That period is surprising short, given that most oil-industry experts had predicted at the ...
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  • 111
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 101-101 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In a News and Views article (Nature 352, 669; 1991), I was quoted as saying at a recent meeting that studying perception by recording from single cells in the central nervous system (CNS) was as misguided as searching for the essence of art in the Louvre. This is not what I ...
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  • 112
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 104-105 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PUMICES from the violent 15-16 June eruptions of Mount Pinatubo bore anhydrite (CaSO4), a mineral found mainly in sedimentary evaporite deposits, Bernard et aL report on page 139 of this issue1. Eruption of the anhydrite-bearing Pinatubo magma injected an enormous SO2-rich cloud into ...
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  • 113
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 113-113 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Lorenz1 has reported numerical experiments that cast doubt on the validity of estimates of the correlation dimension derived from experimental data. His warnings about the effect of strong and weak coupling should be heeded. But one of the features of his model, symmetry, may ...
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  • 114
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 114-114 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - L. Garlaschelli et al (Nature 353, 507; 1991) suggest an ingenious explanation for the periodic liquefaction of relics of saintly clotted blood. Their thixotropic mixture containing iron and calcium ions in solution would also provide an effective means for maintaining iron in ...
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  • 115
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 114-114 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Goodfellow and Sefton1 have provided a glowing description of the progress in determining the structure of the human genome. While reading their News and Views article, and being dazzled by the recent identification and cloning of medically relevant genes, I could not help ...
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  • 116
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 115-116 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Comparing nucleotide sequences of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene within and between three species of Drosophila, McDonald and Kreitman1 concluded that the number of non-synonymous (amino-acid altering) nucleotide substitutions is significantly greater than expected under ...
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  • 117
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 116-116 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MCDONALD AND KREITMAN REPLY - Graur and Li, and Whittam and Nei, point out that a polymorphism in one species may have arisen in an ancestral species; that different polymorphic sites have different allele frequencies; and that the number of polymorphisms will increase as more ...
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  • 118
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 118-119 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ABOUT 20 years ago, in an informal seminar held in connection with a drama festival at the University of Cambridge, one of the most prominent literary critics of our time suggested that Moliere and Stendhal have more to teach us about the workings of the human mind than any ...
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  • 119
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 119-119 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BRUCE Wallace has had a long and distinguished career as an experimental population geneticist. Together with Theodosius Dobzhansky, he was one of the founders of the 'balance' theory of variation in natural populations. This theory was elaborated in the early 1950s as an alternative ...
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  • 120
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 120-120 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE post-mortem processes that act on cadavers can transform them beyond recognition and often remove all traces of their previous existence. It is no wonder that the general recognition of fossil petrifications as the remains of once living animals and plants did not happen until ...
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  • 121
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 121-124 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Dispersion, distance and scattering measurements of pulsars and other radio sources are now sufficiently numerous to allow modelling of the entire galactic distribution of free electrons. A two-component axisymmetric model of local electron density, fitted on all scales from 100 km ...
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  • 122
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 132-134 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Until recently, observations with subarcsecond resolution were obtained solely with photographic plates2'4. Results from CCDs have recently become available5'6, but they were characterized by relatively low angular resolution. On the basis of multi-wavelength studies, it was ...
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  • 123
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 134-136 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] For a paramagnetic fluid, the magnetization, M, is proportional to the applied field: M = xH. Here x *s tne magnetic susceptibility, the temperature dependence of which follows Curie law behaviour (^ °c T~l). In a magnetic field gradient, the force per unit volume on the fluid is, The ...
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  • 124
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 136-139 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Deeply sinking particles were collected using moored time-series sediment traps at the temperate site of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (JGOFS NABE; 47° N, 20° W) and at the subtropical JGOFS time-series station off Bermuda (OFF; ...
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  • 125
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 6-6 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Zurich The Swiss federal government, long content to let Swiss-based industry pay for the vast majority of the scientific research carried out within the country's borders, now plans to increase its spending on asic science by 16 per cent a year over the next four years. Last month, the lower house ...
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  • 126
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 5-5 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London FACED with the failure of the European Commission to provide the funds it had promised, the Joint European Submicron Silicon Initiative (JESSI) is cutting back its research programme and focusing on a smaller number of central 'flagship' projects. JESSI spokesman Klaus Knapp, from the ...
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  • 127
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 6-7 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Zurich USUALLY, when one of an institute's researchers wins a Nobel prize, it is a time for some gentle back-slapping - the ultimate public relations boost for any research centre. And at first sight, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH, or Eidgenossische Technische ...
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  • 128
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 7-7 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London LATER this month, the beleaguered scientific communities of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland will take a stride towards full integration into the mainstream of European research collaboration. At a meeting in Vienna on 21 and 22 November, ministers from the 19 member ...
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  • 129
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 7-7 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Zurich LAST weekend saw the completion of a unique experiment in science communication, when the Heureka exhibition - an ambitious attempt to explain to the public the current research of Switzerland's scientists - closed its gates after a five-month residency in Zurich. Despite ...
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  • 130
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 8-8 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Moscow THE report of the official government commission of inquiry into the recent fire at Chernobyl (see Nature 353, 690; 24 October 1991) has precipitated a decision by the Ukrainian parliament to close the remaining reactors on the Chernobyl site. The Ukraine is now wondering ...
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  • 131
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 8-8 
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    Notes: [Auszug] "Today is Wednesday, 23 October. "For 23 days, the city has been without water, electricity, gas and telephone connections. There are 50,000 citizens and 10,000 refugees of the war within the stone city walls. They are under siege by air, land and sea. All the surroundings have ...
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  • 132
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 9-9 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - So John Maddox thinks (Nature 353, 13; 1991) that the AIDS epidemic may have a "silver lining", does he, because of the work it has allowed Simon LeVay to conduct on the relative sizes of neurons in the hypothalamus of straight and gay men? Apart from this being an ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 9-9 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - You take a whole page in News and Views (Nature 351, 13; 1991) to advance a case that I am "making a mountain of a molehill" without providing your readers with any factual background on the "issue". Your attack is full of errors and misinterpretations. At the request of ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 9-9 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Daedalus (Nature 352, 761; 1991) proposes an interesting new theory of DNA 'parasitism', but misses an important point regarding parasite survival strategy. Lice are highly host- and location-specific, spending their entire life-cycle in a selected niche of their host's ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 10-10 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Christopher Anderson's article about the hazards of reintroducing endangered species1 is timely, given current interest in the role of disease in population dynamics and conservation. But I think he may have spoken with an unusual subset of biologists in coming to the ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 10-10 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - It has been said that humans are a gene's way of making more genes. I propose that the modern streetwise gene's way of assuring its future is the Human Genome Project. The mapping project will imbue all the sequenced genes with a fitness of 100 per cent. That is, every ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In Sir Mark Richmond's speech "A future for British science" (Nature 353, 379; 1991), he states: "Some research topics are so expensive (or otherwise demanding) that only a few institutions are able to participate in them. Examples are astronomy (at least when it requires large ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Philological discussions (Nature 351, 179 & 352, 751; 1991) are interesting in their own right but philology does not dictate or define the meaning of words; meanings are defined by usage. Mutant and recombinant may have been invented by scientists without a knowledge ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 11-14 
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    Notes: [Auszug] BEFORE the liberation of Kuwait by US forces and their coalition partners, the government of Iraq detailed about 1,000 military explosive experts and 30-40 engineers, together with the enforced assistance of people who worked in the oil fields, to sabotage and set fire to the ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 15-15 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ONCE upon a time, the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) was Britain's pride and joy among laboratories. Indeed, for a few decades after its creation in 1900, it may have been Britain's only public laboratory of any size and reputation. It was the laboratory at which Watson-Watt ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 16-17 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor, the holy grail of neurotransmitter receptor molecular neurobiology, has at last been cloned. Involved in excitatory synaptic transmission, learning, the regulation of neuronal growth, as well as ischaemia and epilepsy, the NMDA ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 17-18 
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    Notes: [Auszug] CALCULATIONS1-2 using a purpose-built computer show that as the Universe cooled immediately after the Big Bang, the initial plasma of unbound quarks and gluons condensed smoothly into the more familiar subnuclear aggregates that we see now. The alternative, that the transition ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 18-18 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FOR those jaded by the sight of the C60 fullerenc rolling across the pages of every other journal, the carbon structures described by Sumio lijima on page 56 of this issue may provide a welcome change. He shows that the arc-discharge apparatus used for ful-lerene synthesis can, ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 19-19 
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    Notes: [Auszug] MOST theories of perception used to depict young babies as perceptual incompetents, capable of discriminating little and of recognizing even less. Now psychologists are more likely to speak with awe than with contempt about the perceptual feats of neonates, and a paper by ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 20-21 
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    Notes: [Auszug] GAMMA-ray bursts might have been designed expressly to puzzle astronomers. First detected about 20 years ago, their name says just about everything there is to say about them. They are bursts of y-rays, lasting anything from tens of milliseconds to hundreds of seconds, and ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 21-21 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IMAGINE a busy bar full of people smoking cigars and blowing smoke rings. Each ring is a cylinder of smoke swirling around its central axis and curled back on itself to form a closed loop. Clearly the development of a single smoke ring is a complicated phenomenon, but what ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 22-22 
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    Notes: [Auszug] To test whether your egg is hard boiled or uncooked, spin it and see what happens. J. L. Hilton proposes something similar for Mars to see if it has a solid core (Astr. J. 102, 1510-1527; 1991). Disturb a spinning body and its axis will continue to oscillate, or 'nutate', the ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE powerful disruptive biochemical effects of ozone, the three-atom allotrope of oxygen, may come to the assistance of those seeking to prevent transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus through blood products. K. H. Wells etal. report in Blood (78, 1882-1890; 1991) that the viral ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 22-22 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE last thing one needs during an operation is a serious reaction to the general anaesthetic, but for sufferers of the rare disorder malignant hyperthermia (MH), the resulting sudden paralysis can be fatal if unchecked. Linkage studies have incriminated the ryanodine receptor (RYR1), which ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 22-23 
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    Notes: [Auszug] NEVER throw away your wide ties, for one day they are certain to come back in style. This is a useful tip in science as well - today's backwater is often tomorrow's hot field, the proteases being a good example. Enzymology began with these digestive enzymes, but by the 1970s ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 23-24 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE initial evolution of sex, meaning the transfer of genetic information and the fusion of gametes, has attracted much less interest than the reasons for maintaining sex. But work by Meland et al.1 and Kawano et al.2 on the genetics of a slime mould provides empirical support ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 24-24 
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    Notes: [Auszug] PLASTIC waste, says Daedalus, is not really immortal. Exposed to air and daylight, it gradually crumbles into small particles which are ultimately metabolized by bacteria. Only when buried in landfill dumps, out of reach of air and daylight, does it last indefinitely. On this ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 25-25 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Volcanic ash clouds pose a significant hazard to aircraft in flight. There were at least 14 such incidents with the volcanic ash clouds arising from the recent eruptions of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. Commercial aircraft have no means of discriminating between ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 25-26 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - I read with interest C. Weiss-mann's Review article (Nature 352, 679-683; 1991) on the scrapie agent in which he introduces a new (holoprion) model to reconcile conflicting data and hypotheses in this highly controversial field. May I put forward a suggestion of my own? It ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 26-26 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In 1987, a paper1 and accompanying News and Views article2 were published in Nature in which it was suggested that retinoic acid is a morphogen. Since then there have been many reports purporting to confirm this claim. A widely used textbook in cell biology3, for example, ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SLACK REPLIES - How can we know whether a molecule is really acting as a morphogen? Like many others I have spent some time thinking about this and have published a set of possible criteria . To simplify these somewhat: the substance should have the expected biological activity; ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 27-28 
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    Notes: [Auszug] WHEN Martin Rudwick, one of the world's most distinguished historians of the Earth sciences, says on the dust jacket of Gohau's book that it is "By far the best short introduction to the history of geology in print - or out of it, for that matter", one must sit up and take ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 28-28 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE subject of this book is, literally, everything under the Sun. And a big subject it is too, for we have recently acquired a new understanding of the Solar System thanks to the 'golden age of planetary exploration'. Accounts of the planets published in the early and middle ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - S. Weiner and G. Goodman (Nature 352, 385; 1991) correctly recommend that, because of inaccuracies, two figures I prepared relating indices of children's lead exposure to their IQ scores should not serve as a basis for policy decisions on acceptable lead levels. They ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 29-29 
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    Notes: [Auszug] LITTLE volcano-shaped mounds on the dry ground of the horn of Africa are the only signs of an astonishing underground community, which has everything to catch the headlines: slavery, incest, bloody fights, nakedness, faeces-eating, temporary castration and remarkable teamwork. A ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] PROTEINS find their way into all sorts of places inside and outside cells. From a common origin in the cytoplasm, the different polypeptide constituents of each cellular organelle and compartment are sorted and delivered to their destinations. These processes involved in the ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] HERE at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, every graduate student of Earth sciences goes through a grisly rite of passage called the 'general examination', which includes a three-hour oral exam. When asked by anxious students for advice on how best to prepare, I usually ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sindbis virus consists of a nucleocapsid core surrounded by a lipid membrane through which penetrate 80 glycoprotein trimers. The structure of the core protein comprising the coat surrounding the genomic RNA has been determined. The poly-peptide fold from residue 114 to residue ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] A complementary DNA encoding the rat NMDA receptor has been cloned and characterized. The single protein encoded by the cDNA forms a receptor-channel complex that has electrophysiological and pharmacological properties characteristic of the NMDA receptor. This protein has a significant ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 43-46 
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    Notes: [Auszug] As all the structures around SN1987A (see Fig. la) were generated before the explosion by the star or stars in the immediate neighbourhood of the supernova, they provide a direct imprint of the progenitor's eventful past. Understanding the origin of the structures will therefore ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 46-48 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Early observations with the Very Large Array (VLA)5"7 revealed that much of the radio continuum free-free emission in the central few parsecs of the Galaxy (SgrA West) is distributed in a spiral-shaped filamentary structure surroundingSgr A*. The kinematics of the ionized gas ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 48-50 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Spectroscopy of the shuttle glow11 indicates that the spectrum is shifted to the red when compared with the continuum observed in the gas phase termolecular recombination of O and NO; related laboratory studies of the reaction of hyperthermal O atoms with surface NO produced a ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 50-53 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A measure of the linking of vortex lines is provided by the helicity integral11 H=\u- wdV (D where u is the velocity field,〈o = V x u the vorticity, and the integral is extended over the entire flow volume. For vortex filaments concentrated on space curves, equation (1) ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 53-55 
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    Notes: [Auszug] For a simple physical explanation of the origins of the localization, and an illustration of its effects on transport properties, we consider resistivity. We may first see the conduction electrons in a suitable amorphous metal alloy (at cryogenic temperatures) as undergoing a ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 56-58 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Solids of elemental carbon in the sp2 bonding state can form a variety of graphitic structures. Graphite filaments can be produced, for instance, when amorphous carbon filaments formed by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon species are subsequently graphitized by heat ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 58-60 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The records come from four ice cores drilled 100-300 km from the coast in Wilkes Land (Fig. 1). Sites DSS and DE08 are located close together (separation 18km) near the summit of Law Dome in a high accumulation zone. The recent (1978-1987) mean accumulations for the DSS and DE08 ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 63-65 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have isolated several simple-sequence loci randomly from the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas containing either GT/AC or GA/TC dinucleotide repeats. Primers flanking these stretches were synthesized and used to amplify enzymatically the respective loci from several hundred ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 60-63 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Ponmudi quarry is located near the southern tip of India within the Kerala Khondalite belt, a region of high-grade meta-sedimentary rocks consisting primarily of pelitic and semipelitic paragneisses along with subordinate mafic granulites, calc-sili-cate rocks and ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from amplification of rodent and human cDNA of a size (-700 base pairs (bp)) compatible with the human noradrenaline and rat GABA transporters (hNAT10 and rGATlII, respectively) were purified, sub-cloned and sequenced. Eight unique clones ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 70-73 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We reported previously15 that a set of partially purified glutamate-binding proteins formed ligand-activated ion channels when reconstituted into liposomes. L-Glutamate and NMDA, but not kainate or quisqualate, increased the rate of cation influx into liposomes reconstituted ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 76-80 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FIG. 1 Schematic of the model being tested. Will calcium concentrations within all spines increase in parallel with increasing dendritic calcium concentrations, or will some spines be protected from increases in dendritic calcium levels? Despite the central role of the spine in ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 80-82 
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    Notes: [Auszug] p2l'as and ras- related proteins bind GTP and GDP and display weak GTPase activity (see ref. 12 for review). The active form required for interaction with effectors is bound to GTP, and the activation by exchange of bound GDP to GTP is enhanced by control proteins stimulating the release of ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 73-76 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Figure la-c demonstrates resolution of the measurement system used, showing the fluorescence of injected Fura-2 in a number of clearly resolvable spines projecting laterally from dendritic shafts of three different neurons. Roughly one out of 20 injected neurons, whose somata ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Our method involves creating a large peptide library consisting of millions of beads, with each bead containing a single peptide and with the complete collection representing the uniÂÂá-verse of possible random peptides in roughly equimolar proporÂÂá-tion. ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The initial synthetic peptide combinatorial library (SPCL) prepared and used in this work consisted of six-residue peptide sequences with acetylated N terminals and amidated C terminals. The first two positions in each peptide were individually and specifically defined, whereas the last four ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 86-87 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN this Article in the 15 August 1991 issue, an error in the Nature office led to the omission of a line from Table 3. In addition, some corrections noted by the authors were not made before publication. Corrected versions of the relevant passages appear below and in reprints. TABLE 3 Possible ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 90-92 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A varied selection of tracers for neuro-science research will be featured in MolÂá-ecular Probes' booth, number 952 in New Orleans (Reader Service No. 101). New products will include unsaturated verÂá-sions of Dil and DiO, which diffuse faster within the membrane than ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 779-780 
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    Notes: [Auszug] EVER since Rachel Carson launched the environmental movement with her compelling warning that the world might one day awaken to a "silent spring", the United States has taken the threat of environmental ruin with increasing seriousness. Laws have been written to regulate waste disposal and ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 780-780 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DOES it matter that only 25 per cent of telephones in the land of Alexander Graham Bell are made in the United States? The decline in US commercial technology has been long coming and often even arrogantly dismissed as insignificant because US companies retained world leadership at the cutting edge ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 781-781 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Three French officials will stand trial Transfusion services elsewhere are watching London THE forthcoming trials of three French health officials are causing concern among blood transfusion services in other European countries, where similar charges might be brought. Jacques Roux, ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 88-89 
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    Notes: [Auszug] while neurophysiologists and behavá-ioural neurobiologists have long used computers as essential tools for data collection and analysis, neuroanatomists have come to this technology more slowly as they work with high-resolution, memory-intensive image data. Only in the last few years ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington IN an attempt to fund the US National Institutes of Health fully in the midst of a budget crunch, Congress is resorting to some accounting sleight-of-hand that may delay as many as 1,800 grants for several months and force researchers to turn to their institutions for help. Following a ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo DESPITE a major accident earlier this year at the Mihama nuclear power plant that shook public confidence in nuclear power, the Japanese government intends to press ahead with ambitious plans to expand the use of atomic energy, according to the latest annual report on atomic energy ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo THE Japanese government provides lavish subsidies to local communities that accept nuclear power. Even so, finding new sites for nuclear plants is proving increasingly difficult (see above). Under a law introduced in 1974 after the Middle East oil crisis, local governments that accept ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE US Department of Energy (DOE) plans to cut spending on nuclear science by 10 per cent in fiscal year 1993, a move that will probably force the closing of at least one major nuclear science facility. William Happer, director of DOE's Office of Energy Research, met with ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 783-783 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Its future is still very much up in the air, but the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) now at least has one foot on the ground. This month the laboratory completed its first permanent building: a 100,000-squ a re-foot facility in which researchers will engineer and construct some of the ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 783-783 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London ACCORDING to US environmentalists, last week's United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report on the state of the ozone layer (see Nature 353, 688; 24 October 1991) not only demands urgent action to further reduce emissions of ozone-depleting chemicals, but also undermines the US ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 782-782 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo JAPAN'S X-ray astronomy satellite Ginga is expected to burn up in the Earth's upper atmosphere sometime this week after producing a wealth of data for the world's astrophysicists during the past five years. Ginga was launched by Japan's Institute of Space and Astronautical Science ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 784-784 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington A US ADMINISTRATION official testified last week that he had been surprised by the storm of opposition prompted by a set of new proposed ethics regulations that would restrict the participation of government researchers in professional societies and that the government would redraft the ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 784-784 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington A PROMINENT Spanish geneticist has refused to participate in a sex testing trial of women athletes participating in the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, arguing that the simplicity of new testing methods, combined with their inherent fallibility, could lead to increased misdiagnosis of ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 784-784 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RESEARCHERS working to preserve the genetic stock of rare and endangered plant species are meeting in Washington this week to plan a strategy for putting plant genetic resources on the agenda at the 1992 'Earth Summit', the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development to be held in Rio ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 784-784 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ONCE The New York Times notices new research, scientists are more likely to cite it, according to a new study by a University of California, San Diego researcher. Comparing citation counts of research reports published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), sociologist David Phillips found ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 785-785 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Moscow REPORTS of the demise of the Soviet space programme notwithstanding, the exploration of Mars remains a top priority. The plan is that there should be four consecutive visits to Mars by instrumented space probes in 1994,1996,1998 and 2001. The smaller of two Mars-landing vehicles, called ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 784-784 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] US STUDENTS are nowhere near as bad as international comparisons of test scores suggest, a National Science Foundation (NSF) official writes in the new issue of the National Academy of Engineering journal The Bridge. Well-publicized declines in Standardized Achievement Test (SAT) scores, which are ...
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    Nature 353 (1991), S. 785-785 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington The United States is still number one in the commercial exploitation of biotechnology, but progress in the development and marketing of new products made through biotechnology has been slower than expected, according to a report* released this week by the congressional Office of ...
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