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  • Articles  (2,148)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (1,268)
  • Animals  (880)
  • 1990-1994  (2,148)
  • 1992  (1,110)
  • 1991  (1,038)
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  • Articles  (2,148)
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  • 1990-1994  (2,148)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of carbon and oxygen limitations and calcium concentrations on biofilm removal processes (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bacterial biofilm removal processes due to shear and catastrophic sloughing have been investigated in a turbulent flow system under conditions of carbon versus oxygen substrate limitations and varying aqueous phase calcium concentrations. Biofilm cellular and extracellular polymer carbon, total biofilm carbon and mass, and biofilm calcium concentrations are measured for pure culture biofilms of the facultative aerobe, Pseudomonas putida ATCC 11172. Results indicate oxygen-limited biofilms reach a higher steady-state biofilm organic carbon level than carbon-limited biofilms. Oxygen-limited biofilms also exhibit (1) a higher extracellular polymer-carbon: cell-carbon ratio throughout biofilm development and (2) a higher biofilm calcium content than carbon-limited biofilms. Increasing aqueous phase calcium concentrations increase the amount of biofilm calcium in both cases; the rate of calcium accumulation in oxygen-limited biofilms increases with increasing liquid phase calcium concentrations over the entire range studied while the rates of calcium accumulation in carbon-limited biofilms appear independent of aqueous phase calcium concentrations above 11.0 mg/L. Oxygen-limited biofilms with their higher extracellular polymer and calcium content exhibit shear removal rates that are 20-40% of those observed for carbon-limited biofilms. However, it is the oxygen-limited biofilms that experience catastrophic sloughing events. The carbon-limited biofilms studied here never sloughed even if subjected to intentional long-term deprivation of all nutrients. Reduced shear removal and the susceptibility to sloughing of the oxygen-limited biofilms are attributed to their more cohesive structure bought about by their relatively greater extracellular polymer production.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of an applied potential on the activity of carbonic anhydrase immobilized on graphite rods (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: potentiostatic control of enzyme activity ; immobilized enzyme ; graphite ; conducting support ; specific anion inhibition ; carbonic anhydrase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of both a positive and a negative applied potential on the p-NPA hydrolysis activity of bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) immobilized on graphite rods has been investigated. Background experiments show that the pH-activity profile for BCA free in solution is not affected by either a negative or a positive potential applied to graphite rods placed in the same solution. However, the activity of BCA immobilized by covalent attachment to a graphite rod is influenced by a potential externally applied to the graphite rod. An overall increase in activity (as determined by the initial rate of the p-NPA hydrolysis reaction) is observed in the presence of a -0.2 V (Ag/AgCl) applied potential, while decreased activity is evident at +0.6 V (Ag/AgCl). This is indicative of an electrolyte anion effect rather than a local pH effect. In the presence of the specific anion inhibitors Cl- and SCN-, the relative BCA activity increases at -0.2 V (Ag/AgCl) and decreases at +0.6 V (Ag/AgCl) are consistent with the different BCA inhibition constants for Cl- and SCN-. Accelerated loss of immobilized BCA activity also accompanies the application of the external potentials, particularly at +0.6 V (Ag/AgCl). Results described here represent an early example of potentiostatic control of nonredox enzyme activity. Several possible mechanisms are discussed including specific anion inhibition, enzyme surface charge/charged support material interactions, and charged product inhibition. It is likely that a combination of such mechanisms is operational in this system. The implications of external potentials affecting the activity of immobilized enzymes in the design of stable immobilized enzyme electrodes are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370511
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and fermentation characteristics of new selected strains of Saccharomyces at high temperatures and high cell densities (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 528-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: yeast thermotolerance ; Saccharomyces ; invertase ; sugarcane juice fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Maintenance of high cell viability was the main characteristic of our new strains of thermotolerant Saccharomyces. Total sugar conversion to ethanol was observed for sugarcane juice fermentation at 38-40°C in less than 10 h and without continuous aeration of the culture. Invertase activity differed among the selected strains and increased during fermentation but was not dependent on cell viability. Invertase activity of the cells and optimum temperature for growth, as well as velocity of ethanol formation, were dependent on medium composition and the type of strain used. At high sugarcane syrup concentrations, the best temperature for ethanol formation by strain 781 was 35°C. Distinct differences among the velocities of ethanol production using selected strains were also observed in sugarcane syrup at 35-38°C.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370606
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370801
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for reducing solvent toxicity in extractive fermentations (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 716-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: κ-carrageenan matrix ; Lactobacillus delbrueckii ; toxicity ; solvent diffusion ; extractive fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The toxicity of an Alamine 336/oleyl-alcohol extraction system on Lactobacillus delbrueckii was investigated. It was shown that the solvent affected the cells through the water-soluble portion and the immiscible portion of the solvent. While immobilization significantly protected the cells from the immiscible solvent phase, the water-soluble part of the solvent still caused toxicity to the microorganisms due to diffusion of the solvent into the matrix. Adding soybean oil to the κ-carrageenan matrix could trap the diffusing solvent molecules, and therefore reduce the toxic effect from the water soluble portion of the solvent. The protective ability of soybean oil was quantified through mathematical modeling and experimentation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370805
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-concentration cultivation of Lactococcus cremoris in a cell-recycle reactor (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 746-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Lactococcus cremoris ; cell-recycle fermentor ; cross-flow filtration ; high cell concentration cultures ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High-cell concentration cultivation of Lactococcus cremoris, a homofermentative lactic acid producer, in a cell-recycle fermentor is described. Cross-flow filtration allowing continuous removal of the inhibitory metabollte, the influence of dilution rate on growth was investigated in total or partial cell-recycle cultures. The dependence of growth characteristics on operating conditions was identified and quantified using lactose as the carbon source. Growth kinetics could be described by both lactate removal efficiency and nutrient availability. Based on physiological observations, biomass and lactic acid productivities were predicted in partial cell-recycle cultures.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370809
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of binary population biofilms (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 778-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biofilm research has focused on studies of undefined mixed microbial populations and, more recently, on investigations of monopopulation biofilms. In the first case, the biofilm is considered a homogeneous mass, ignoring the properties of individual species. The second case concentrates on the properties and processes of one microbial species in the biofilm. This article describes biofilm experiments conducted with monopopulations of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and with binary populations of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Process rates and stoichiometric coefficients were determined for the monopopulation and for the binary population biofilms and evaluated in light of the species distribution in the latter. Results indicate that neither the specific cellular product formation rate nor the glucose-oxygen stoichiometric ratio of K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa in the binary biofilm is affected by the presence of the other species. Consequently, species interaction was not observed. Although the specific cellular growth rate of K. pneumoniae is five times that of P. aeruginosa, the former species did not dominate the microbial population in the biofilm. Possible reasons for this unexpected behavior are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370813
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling fermentations with recombinant microorganisms: Formulation of a structured model (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 802-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple structured model is described and compared with experimental data for fermentations with recombinant. Escherichia coli. The model is a so-called compartment, model, where the different biomass components are lumped together in a few intracellular variables. The model is able to describe, in a biologically reasonable fashion, a majority of the observations that have been made through fermentations with recombinant microorganisms. The model is especially suited for description of dynamic changes in plasmid copy number, e.g., runaway plasmid replication.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370903
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of CO2 in algal mass culture systems: A different characterization approach (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 834-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: microalgae ; bioreactor ; CO2 ; absorption ; KLa ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For the characterization of CO2 absorption in aerated microalgal culture systems, a different approach based on KLa(O2) determination and transformation was studied. To confirm the validity of this method, the influence of reactions between CO2 and compounds (OH-, H2O, and NH3) present in the culture medium upon the absorption mechanism was evaluated under different physical and chemical culture conditions. Under these conditions, knowledge of the relative magnitudes of the diffusion and reaction kinetics permitted the evaluation of their relative importance. For the determination of the parameters required for the calculation of the CO2 absorption constant, empirical correlations for KL0 and a were used that had been previously verified with experimental data for O2 absorption. Since, for the conditions studied, the absorption rate was shown to be independent of the chemical reactions taking place in the liquid phase, the KLa for CO2 could be directly related to the KLa for O2 by a simple factor that took into account the difference in aqueous diffusivity of the two gases. Thus, using methods developed for determining O2 absorption in gas-liquid contactors, it is possible to adequately characterize CO2 absorption for laboratory and pilot scale algal production systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370907
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