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  • Evolution  (37)
  • 42.60
  • Springer  (59)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1990-1994  (59)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1990  (59)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (59)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
Years
  • 1990-1994  (59)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die biotheoretischen Mängel der Evolutionären Erkenntnistheorie (1990)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 21 (1990), S. 309-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Evolution ; evolutionäre Erkenntnistheorie ; Organismus ; Autonomie ; Abbildungskritik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary The concept of evolutionary epistemology has been critically discussed by philosophers who have mainly pointed to unacceptable philosophical tenets (cf. Vittorio Hösle, this Journal, Vol. 19 (1988), pp. 348–377). However, as most philosophers are extremely reluctant to critically treat the biological theories on which the ideas of evolutionary epistemology are based, the invalid concepts of adaption escaped their critical scrutiny. Therefore the influence of preconceived biological theories on the biological basis of evolutionary epistemology and the distorting consequences on the philosophical level could not be elaborated. The following context sketches a new view of organismic reasoning and its impact on evolutionary aspects of epistemology. The basic theorem of adaptation is shown to be unacceptable and invalid if organisms are conceived as autonomous entities which can only evolve according to their specific internal organismic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01801041
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amplified spontaneous emission in short-pulse excimer amplifiers (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have found a simple analytical expression which describes the relation between amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and small-signal gain in short-pulse amplifiers. It is also shown that the contrast of the short pulse to the ASE is weakly dependent on the saturation of the ASE, and influenced mainly by the saturation of the short pulse. The theoretical considerations were verified by measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332330
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intense tunable picosecond pulses generated by parametric amplification in β-BaB2O4 (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 06.607 ; 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Amplified spontaneous emission of a dye cell is parametrically amplified in barium betaborate (BBO) crystals. Pumping the system by the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser a tuning range from 3500 to 25080 cm−1 is accessible with energy conversion efficiencies of several percent. Properties of ultrashort light pulses in the visible and UV spectral range are presented. A spectral width of 10 cm−1 and a pulse duration of approximately 20 ps are measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408781
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quasi double-grating grazing incidence pulsed dye laser (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Continuous scanning of a 1 GHz pulsed laser line using only one 5-cm grating as an intracavity selective element is obtained from a pulsed dye laser pumped by a Nd: YAG (8 ns-532 nm) laser. Such a single-grating dye laser operates in the same way as a real double-grating grazing incidence laser and provides an appreciable improvement of the resolution (enhancement factor ≈2), compared with previous grazing incidence ones. The superiority of this laser cavity has been proved for single-longitudinal-mode operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332331
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    611.8 nm single-mode He-Ne laser (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 292-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The conditions for optimum 611.8 nm laser operation are obtained and a convenient method for indicating 3.39 µm suppression is proposed. Single longitudinal mode 611.8 nm generation is obtained using higher gas-mixture pressure and application of an axial magnetic field. Several milliwatt monomode output power and 0.75 multimode-to-monomode power conversion coefficients are obtained without an internal iodine cell. A comparison of the experimental results with a single-mode laser theory is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325050
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XeCl laser ablation of polyetheretherketone (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 314-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ablation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a high temperature thermoplastic, by XeCl laser radiation occurs at fluences in excess of 0.07±0.01 J cm−2. The volatile products of ablation are CO and C2H2 with smaller quantities of CH4, C4H2, C6H6 and other C3 and C4 hydrocarbons. At fluences close to the threshold ablation produces involatile material of relatively high molecular weight but at high fluences extensive disruption of the PEEK structure occurs with conversion of all of the oxygen in the polymer to carbon monoxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348965
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent interactions in two-beam excite-probe absorption measurements: Phase gratings in flowing samples (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 350-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65J ; 42.60 ; 32.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract As a rule, phase gratings yield no power transfer in two-beam excite-probe experiments. We show that an exception to this rule is that of ultrashort-pulse excite-probe experiments involving slow phase effects, such as thermal gratings, occurring in a moving sample medium under high-repetition-rate excitation. A symmetric coherent artifact results, and depending on the direction of the sample motion, its amplitude can be positive, negative, or zero. This artifact occurs only in multiple-pulse experiments, involving accumulated gratings, while, on the other hand, the antisymmetric artifact (described by Palfrey and Heinz) results only from single-pulse effects. We discuss these two complementary effects and present both theory and experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348972
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rich spectrum from potassium vapor on the 42 S 1/2−32 D 5/2 two-photon resonance (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 386-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A rich emission spectrum in the wavelength range 300–600 nm, including 50 spectral lines, has been observed as a pulsed dye laser is tuned to the 42 S 1/2–32 D 5/2 two-photon resonance in potassium vapor. It is found that many kinds of mechanisms, including energy pooling, harmonic generation, quadrupole radiation, excitation transfer, and multiwave mixing etc., are involved in producing these lines. The process for each spectral line has been identified and is presented in tabular form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329100
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet and blue NaHg and NaCd excimer bands (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.80.K ; 42.55.Hq ; 42.60 ; 52.80.Dy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the current-reversal spectra of the high pressure Na-Hg-Xe and Na-Cd-Xe lamps, from which the specific NaHg and NaCd structured continua have been observed. Detailed analysis revealed the existence of additional structure in the case of NaCd and NaHg blue diffuse bands. In the NaHg case the neighbourhood of the 330 nm sodium line revealed two satellite bands of NaHg origin, but almost no structure around the 330 nm sodium atomic line was found in the case of Na-Cd-Xe discharge lamp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of internal-mirror frequency-stabilized He-Ne lasers emitting green, yellow or orange light (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 421-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive control system has been developed for the stabilization of internalmirror He-Ne lasers to their power envelopes. It is designed particularly for use with lasers emitting at 552, 505, or 490 THz (543, 594, 612 nm). The aim has been to combine convenience in routine operation with good day-to-day resettability and minimal frequency drift during a day. The lasers are observed to emit in up to four modes simultaneously and their tuning behaviour is highly alignment-sensitive. They also tend to flip between modes having orthogonal linear planes of polarization. Reliable control of polarization and mode frequency are possible using permanent magnets and active length control through thermal expansion. The stabilized single-frequency outputs have frequency drifts of about 2×10−8 per year, and powers of between 150 μW and 850 μW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329105
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