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  • Articles  (3,303)
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009  (1,950)
  • 1995-1999  (261)
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Year
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 4 (1992), S. 34-34 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 2
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 4 (1992), S. 34-34 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 4 (1992), S. 35-36 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 20-22 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 22-22 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 8
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 23-24 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 16-16 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 17-18 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 10-12 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: In any language-teaching institution the teaching staff can legitimately be seen as consumers of the various teaching aids which are commercially available, ranging from the staple diet of books, set texts, secondary reading, to video material, slides, computer software, etc. Another way of interpreting the principle of consumership is that the students are the ultimate beneficiaries of the materials we use in our teaching. The extent to which our students benefit from our teaching is largely dependent on the materials that we have at our disposal. ‘Bad materials = bad teaching’ is a rather simplistic way of looking at this issue, but one which has a lot to commend itself in my view. Would we change our teaching methods if our students made constructive criticism? In a recent temporary teaching post I held as Visiting Associate Professor at the University of Kentucky, I was struck by the importance given across the board in the USA to official student surveys carried out by the college administration based on the professors' performance, the results of which can be crucial in the securement of tenure. The attitude in the UK (at least in the universities) is totally at odds with this particular sense of consumership, and one can imagine the degree of resistance that a plan to introduce a similar system of student assessment of lecturers might meet in this country, most obviously because students are not consumers in this country in quite the same sense that they are in the USA. Although the student assessment system itself clearly has its pitfalls there are some positive things to be gained from surveys of this kind, in that they can be very informative about student response to courses, teaching methods, etc., and can lead the way to improved teacher-student relations.
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  • 12
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 16-17 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 13
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 6 (1994), S. 47-49 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 14
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 6 (1994), S. 49-50 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 15
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 6 (1994), S. 50-51 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 16
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 6 (1994), S. 53-55 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 17
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 6 (1994), S. 52-53 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 18
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 6 (1994), S. 55-56 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 19
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 6 (1994), S. 56-57 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 20
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 6 (1994), S. 61-61 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 21
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 6 (1994), S. 58-59 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 22
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 4 (1992), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 4 (1992), S. 1-2 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 4 (1992), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 2-5 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: In an era in which universities are being encouraged to see the need for strategy development in general, and information systems strategy development in particular, this paper explores some of the influences upon decision-making about information technology in UK university Modern Language departments. Findings from a series of interviews with Modern Language department heads and departmental computing representatives are discussed.
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  • 26
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 5-8 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: This paper sets CD-ROM technology in the context of the new language learning pedagogy based on the communicative approach. It establishes a typology of language-related CD-ROM products, suggests ways of exploiting characteristic CD-ROM facilities and identifies fruitful new areas of development. It also looks at the logistics of CD-ROM use in an academic environment.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 17-17 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 28
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 2 (1990), S. 24-24 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 29
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 1-1 
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  • 30
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 3-3 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 31
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 4-7 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: When we decided to put this issue together, we called for contributions from CALL researchers and practitioners who were ‘‥concerned with the teaching of grammar in the post-communicative world...’. We were aware of the contentious nature of such a description – it suggests that the communicative approach is not, perhaps, a complete answer to the question of how to teach languages. Amongst the correspondence we entered into, subsequently, were some exchanges with colleagues who believed we were advocating a retrogressive step. It is only comparatively recently, they pointed out, that language learners have been freed from the shackles of piece-meal learning, drilling, correction and self-monitoring, and allowed to focus on ‘the challenge of communication’
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  • 32
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 8-16 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper we consider how corpora may be of use in the teaching of grammar of the pre-tertiary level. Corpora are becoming well established in teaching in Universities. Corpora also have a role to play in secondary education, in that they can help decide how and what to teach, as well as changing the way in which puplis learn and providing the possibility of open-ended machine-aided tuition. Corpora also seem to provide what UK goverment sponsored reports on teaching grammar have called for – a data-driven approach to the subject.
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  • 33
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 26-32 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: The paper reviews selected Web sites for French grammar, from the student' point of view. The investigation looks at the content of sites and potential for learning.The conclusion is that the Web for French is both underused and chaotic but there is evidence that, with imagination, it could become a useful resource.
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  • 34
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 17-25 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: We argue that grammar is an important element of language learning and that adult learners need a combination of exposure and cognitive learning processes. We addres the pragmatics of reource driven grammar teaching and identify grammar as suitable for independent study if computer based. With reference to a hypertext grammar package developed at the University of North London, we argue that the interactivity of hypertext-based grammar bridges the gap between embedded grammar teaching and theoretical explanation of language. Which allow an intuitive gateway to grammar learning.
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  • 35
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 33-42 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: The genesis of the ASTCOVEA project for French and German grammar learning under Phase 2 of TLIP is explained and the paper goes on to describe the design and structure of the system, showing representative screen shots and giving an example of how the system may be used to explore a particular grammar point in German. The point is mode, in condusion, that the ASTCOVEA approach can readily be adopted for other languages, including EFL, without major new programming.
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  • 36
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 59-59 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 37
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: This article attempts to define Expert CALL, siting in between traditional data-based CALL and intelligent CALL (ICALL). It relies on the concapts of expert knowledge and expert interaction and feedback. These are explored in the context of inflexional morphology, using as reference the auther's own ‘The Spanish Verb’ program. An electic computational algorithm, rather than a fully-fledged linguistic for malism suffices to deliver a stable and reliable lingustic knowledge basa on which to base Expert CALL applications. A similar ‘intermediate technology’ approach to syntax may bypass current difficulties encountered by ICALL to deliver linguistic reliabity.
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  • 38
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: RECALL aims at providing intelligent error feedback to learners' input in a role-play scenario. This is achieved by integrating three intelligent modules into into system: a Diagnosis Module which analyses the learners' input, a Learner Module which reocrds errors made by the learner, and a Tutoring Module which provides exercises and offers feedback. In this paper the functionality of the RECALL system is described and the approach to error classification as well as the actual implementation of this approach is discussed. A pedagogical perspective on the navigational and teaching capabilities of RECALL are considered.
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  • 39
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 60-61 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 40
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 61-62 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 41
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 62-64 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 42
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 64-64 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 43
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 65-67 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
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  • 44
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 67-68 
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  • 45
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 69-70 
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  • 46
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 3-3 
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  • 47
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 1-1 
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  • 48
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 71-72 
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  • 49
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 5-14 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: In choosing a title for this paper, we have consciously copied the name of the series of biannual conferences, started at Lancaster in 1994, which aim to bring together those who have an interest in the application of corpora to the teaching of language and linguistics. Already, those conferences have set in train a series of publications – conference proceedings (Wilson and McEnery, 1994; Botley, Glass, McEnery and Wilson, 1996), a general selection of papers (Wichmann, Knowles, McEnery and Fligelstone, 1997) and a collection of papers related to multilingual copora (Botley, McEnery and Wilson, 1997). The aim of this paper is to summarize the progress to date in the field of teaching and language corpora, both as a general introduction and as a gateway to the more comprehensive literature which is developing. As such, this paper owes a considerable debt to all of the participants at the past two conferences.
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 15-21 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: This paper analyses new research into learner-assisted testing. The results of this research, in addition to advances in computer technology and programming, have opened up the possibility of helping students to learn more effectively by providing immediate feedback or further information in the form of clues or hints. The implications of these developments regarding a formative approach to assessment and autonomous learning are reviewed. Finally, innovative approaches within computer-based assessment of language learning, such as modules entirely taught through the use of computer courseware and CAL methods, and applications of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) to foreign language learning, are discussed.
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  • 51
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 34-42 
    ISSN: 0958-3440
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: This paper describes how teachers without specialist computing skills can create their own computer delivered multimedia learning applications using a word processor and digital information from a variety of sources. These home-made multimedia applications can exploit video, sound clips, animations, photos, and graphics. Examples of such DIY multimedia learning materials are shown, their method of creation described and possible benefits of their use for CALL and self-access put forward.
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  • 52
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 22-33 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: This article describes an email project between undergraduate non-specialist learners of Spanish and English in England and Spain. Students took part in a discussion forum and worked with a tandem partner exchanging information, ideas and corrections of each other's language. The project revealed a range of experiences and a case study of one particularly successful participant is presented. The contribution of email tandem learning to CALL within the communicative curriculum is also discussed. It is proposed that such learning plays a different role from classroom language learning, providing a bridge between the classroom and the natural language setting.
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  • 53
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 43-51 
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    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: This paper examines the relationship between Information Technology (IT) and an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course. This relationship is examined in the context of pre-sessional summer courses at British Universities. The paper provides a rationale for the inclusion of an IT component on an EAP course, and considers why a number of IT areas are not yet being fully exploited by EAP units at British Universities.
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  • 54
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 58-61 
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  • 55
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 55-57 
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  • 56
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 52-54 
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    Notes: In September 1995 the Language Institute at the University of Hull and British Telecommunications plc began working together on a major research project with the aim developing an environment to support distance teaching and learning. Project MERLIN is exploring the latest commincations techologies to support interaction and collaboration between groups of remote learners, and between these learneers and their tutor. These technologies include: computer conferencing, dynamic HTML and the integration of specifically designed database and telephone-conferencing facilities with the World Wide Web interface.
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  • 57
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Recall 9 (1997), S. 61-63 
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    Notes: The savaging review of Italiana Interattivo (CD-ROM for teaching ... you've guessed it, Italian), in ReCALL volume 8 number 2, has an incorrect address for my department's home page. Those interested in finding out more about Italiano Interattivo please point your browser to http://www.wmin.ac.uk/LLC/languages/italian.html.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 1-2 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 1-1 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 9-13 
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    Notes: This paper explores the impact of multimedia audio delivery and recording as a tool in language learning, in comparison with traditional technology. It traces the development of the field, and the experience of MLS Ltd. Two general approaches have evolved: Language Practice and Interactive Communication. These are described, with examples and observations on each type. The paper concludes with feedback and lessons learned from field studies, and pointers to potential future developments.
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    Notes: In this paper the application of the techniques of Computer Assisted Language Learning to aspects of pronunciation will be considered. The problems of such application will be discussed and will be seen to be serious; some products will be described; the prospects for future applications will be viewed and will be seen to be far from bleak. Although the paper addresses the situation in The Netherlands, it is hoped that it will be relevant for practitioners in other countries.
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    Notes: This paper explores the potential and limitations of Grammatik 5 as a tool for revising writing, particularly as a grammar checker and adviser. It will examine the proposition that writing strategies can be enhanced when the program is 'tuned' to suit a group of ESL writers, with grammar rules and advice written to meet the learner's specific needs.The rules and advice designed by the authors for Grammatik 5 have been chosen and written on the basis of an analysis of errors in a corpus of learner scripts within the academic genre of essay writing. The corpus contains a set of 28 essays written by 4 students over a period of 14 weeks in a university course designed to develop ESL students' writing skills.In the role of corrector the computer has to be unfailingly accurate. If, on the other hand, the computer is cast in the role of tool, to simply identify elements of the language to the learner, the shortcomings of the computer as infallible assessor can be avoided. This role is a more appropriate one given the complexities of evaluating written work and limitations in the capacity of the current generation of computer programs to correct reliably.A basic assumption of the paper is that the goal in using a grammar checker in this way is to extend the learners' capacity to review their written drafts and develop a critical approach to the writing process. While grammar checkers and advisers are not infallible in their analyses of English sentences, good use can be made of commercial programs when they are adapted appropriately.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 14-17 
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    Notes: Montevidisco is an interactive videodisc application intended for intermediate Spanish students. It combines language enrichment with elements of role-playing games as the student plays the role of someone visiting a hypothetical city in Mexico, interacting with native Spanish speakers in native situations via videodisc. The concept originated at Brigham Young University in the early eighties, with the video filming done at that time. More recently, the BYU Humanities Research Center has adapted the original material to run on standard microcomputer platforms.There are three implementations of Montevidisco in various stages of development. The first is a side-by-side version that uses a HyperCard stack on a Macintosh to control a separate videodisc player and monitor. The second version uses a video overlay configuration with ToolBook and Windows on an IBM platform. Both of these versions are 'finished' to the extent that they are being used in intermediate Spanish classes at BYU and elsewhere. General marketing arrangements are expected to be finalized this summer. The most recent implementation uses QuickTime on a Macintosh to display digitized video directly from the computer's hard disk.This paper begins with an explanation of the general features of Montevidisco that are common to all three implementations. It outlines some of the design considerations faced and explains how the choice of metaphor influenced those decisions. Some questions that have been raised during the testing and review process are also addressed. The paper then categorizes the significant differences between the three implementations and discusses the technological and pedagogical reasons for them. It concludes with a status report on the QuickTime version and gives an assessment of this new digital video technology in an instructional environment.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 29-29 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 23-28 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 31-49 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 70-71 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 53-62 
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    Notes: This paper reports action research into the use of electronic mail as a channel for giving feedback to English L2 writers in a sequence of writing process oriented technical communication courses. Four teachers used electronic mail feedback (EMF) regularly with 81 students on honours degree courses In information Systems and Computer Science. Electronic mail was used during planning and drafting stages in extended simulations of technical communication situations in concert with class meetings, workshop sessions, one-on-one and small group conference and with audiotaped summative feedback upon completion of major assignments.Teachers and students reported in response to a questionnaire and in interviews that they found EMF significantly advantageous in that it supports prompt, complete, and instrumental commentary on student work, empowers students to use English for authentic communication, and helps build positive relationships between students and native speaking teachers. All participants agreed that the extra channel of communication contributed to students' motivation to use invention techniques freely, to take risks with language and style in drafting, and to make substantive changes to text in drafting. Students reported that the objectivity of EMF was face saving, allowing them to use critical commentary from their teachers more productively. They also said that they found their teachers' use of EMF was a powerful demonstration of their willingness to make themselves available as mentors to their students.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 63-69 
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    Notes: The article outlines the context of CALL development at the University of Ulster, and explains the basic concept of the Meta-Text program as an interactive notebook/workstation which is used for the teaching and learning of translation skills, but which may be linked to other exercises.It gives an account of its various prototypes as it has developed over the last five years. Extensive details of the formal evaluation of prototype 3 (version 2.1) are included. A description of the functionality of the most recent version (3.0) is given and the planned future enhancements of the program are outlined.On the basis of this incremental development, a set of software design principles are adduced, with particular emphasis being placed on the interaction of developers and users in that process. An assessment of the program is given, based on its formal and informal evaluation thus far. It is felt that the program gives instruction in key intellectual skills and, through its interactive and creative functionality, encourages the kind of judgement essential for specialist linguists. Its encouragement of the consultation of data and its capacity to accumulate linguistic material are also felt to be significant, as is its flexibility of use with different types of student. Although basically a selfstudy tool, it has considerable potential for various forms of tutorial use.It is anticipated that further development and evaluation will bring to light other valuable uses for the program.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 72-73 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 1-2 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 1-1 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 15-18 
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    Notes: Computer conferencing is a mode of communication in which participants send text messages between each others' computers which are all linked to a host computer via telephone lines. It is different from email in that it uses software that allows genuine group interaction. It is used for administrative purposes, for information exchange, for informal group interaction, and for distance education in which it can be combined with other media, e.g. face-to-face, satellite broadcasting, videoconferencing, ordinary correspondence, telephone contact, etc. The great benefit of computer conferencing for distance education is that it can be accessed at any time that is convenient to participants, since it need not be used for synchronous conferencing and the relevant files remain open to users for 24 hours of every day. It thus brings learners into frequent contact with each other as well as with their tutors and obviates, to a large extent, the need for cumbersome distance materials.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 3-8 
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    Notes: The Horwood Language Centre at the University of Melbourne has recently installed a large Macintosh multimedia laboratory, dedicated to the learning of languages. This has proved an enormously popular facility, both for teachers and students. After only four months of operation, booking requests by teachers for the second semester of 1993 have exceeded capacity by one and a half times; students often queue to use the machines when the laboratory is open for self access.When the Language Centre began assembling the original submission to the University for funding for the laboratory, Centre staff were still relatively inexperienced in the design and installation of CALL laboratories, and the decision was taken to make extensive use of experts in FT and multimedia presentation within Melbourne University. However, despite this expert assistance, a number of unexpected problems presented themselves, some of which were potentially disastrous to the project.As a result, the Language Centre has learned a number of valuable lessons about CALL laboratory design. This paper presents some of the more important of these lessons, in the hope that they will be of assistance to any other institutions who may be contemplating the installation of a CALL laboratory in the near future.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 9-14 
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    Notes: The Jean de I'Ours project explores the use of pictures and authentic (non pedagogical) language in foreign language learning/teaching. This project is based on the assumption that pictures can be used in a cognitive way, that they are more than mere entertainment, and that pictures used for communication in language teaching/learning should be more than mere pictograms.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 19-26 
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    Notes: Research articles on CALL frequently proceed from the general to the specific. The general can take the form of a survey of the literature, a theory or theories of language teaching, learning or acquisition, or a summarised appraisal of a number of pieces of software; the specific is usually a collection of examples from a variety of sources to illustrate a principle. The merits of such an approach are widely recognised and are in no way disputed by the present writer. It is easy, however, for lack of attention to detail to leave the reader with many unanswered questions: Wouldn't it be alright to include/omit a given feature if... or if...? How did they come up with that technique? Why did/didn't they present the information this way? Exactly who was this designed for? How and when was it intended to be used? What constraints were they working under? In this article we have chosen to proceed in the opposite direction and trace the processes involved in developing one piece of software.
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    Notes: This article reports on aspects of an investigation into learners' approaches to vocabulary learning that was carried out as part of an experimental project integrating CALL into an ESL (English as a Second Language)/computer training course. Data from two of the learners is presented, and contrasting ‘deep’ and ‘surface’ approaches are identified. The link between approach and learning outcome is demonstrated. The importance of qualitative analysis of learning processes, and the possible contribution of CALL to this kind of analysis, is discussed.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 44-44 
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 34-39 
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    Notes: Many factors affect the learning of a foreign language. When designing computer assisted language learning software it is usually not sufficient to think only about creating an exercise in the language, but students should be modelled in order to allow the program to take account of individuals' beliefs and learning. However, student models are criticised for various reasons, the most common of which include: 1. Modelling the learner places a great burden on the system, as it has sole responsibility for the creation of an accurate student model. 2. Student models are inadequate because it is not possible to model all aspects of a student's knowledge and learning. This paper describes the student model of an intelligent computer assisted language learning (ICALL) system which strives to overcome problems of traditional student models by taking into account issues important in the field of second language acquisition, and research in collaborative approaches to learning.
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    Notes: The Scandinavian countries are generally considered to have rather high standards in modern language teaching and learning, and at the same time to be reasonably well equipped with computers, videos and other information technology tools. This is true to a certain extent. Moreover, the situation differs a lot, not just from country to country, but within the same country from region to region. The following is not a complete survey, presenting the ‘state-of-the-art’ in the Nordic countries, but more a report of a number of initiatives taking place at the moment in the various countries or in a collaboration among countries.
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    Recall 6 (1994), S. 44-46 
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    Recall 4 (1992), S. 12-15 
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    Recall 4 (1992), S. 16-17 
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    Notes: In the world of the 1990s, linguistic and traditional discipline boundaries are breaking down. Consequently, many companies and organisations are faced with considerable communication problems, including a growing need for translation. It has recently been estimated, for instance, that the number of pages translated in Western Europe in 1986 was 100 million; by 1987 this was said to have increased to 160 million. A number of factors have contributed to this growth in demand. Product cycles are shorter, requiring more frequent updating of documentation; documentation has become more complex, concomitant with the increasing complexity of technology; companies have begun to realise that multilingual markets are generally bigger than monolingual ones; and large companies arethemselves often transnational.
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    Recall 2 (1990), S. 9-16 
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    Notes: The history of computer-aided language learning (CALL) dates back some 40 years. During this period two main types of system have been developed: frame-based and intelligent. These two types of programs are examined in turn below.
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    Recall 2 (1990), S. 18-19 
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    Recall 2 (1990), S. 19-19 
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    Recall 2 (1990), S. 1-3 
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    Recall 2 (1990), S. 1-1 
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    Recall 2 (1990), S. 1-4 
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    Notes: Since the principal objectives of the CTI Centre for Modem Languages (CTICML) and of the other CTI Centres are to increase awareness of the potential of computers and other forms of IT in teaching and learning and to stimulate their actual use, it seemed a reasonable first step after the establishment of the CTICML in April 1989 to try to establish the current range of attitudes and practices in the field of lan- guages in higher education in the United Kingdom. We considered that this would both help us to gain a view of what had to be done and give us one yard- stick against which to measure the effect which our activities over the next few years will have had.
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