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  • Articles  (38)
  • Solanum tuberosum L.  (38)
  • Springer  (38)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 1990-1994  (38)
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  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (38)
  • Political Science
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • Articles  (38)
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  • Springer  (38)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • American Society of Mechanical Engineers
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (38)
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  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (38)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potato tuber sugar content during development and storage (10°C): possible predictors of storage potential and the role of sucrose in storage hexose accumulation (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: reducing sugars ; processing quality ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Reducing sugar and sucrose contents of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) from six cultivars were monitored both during the growing season and after a four months storage period at 10°C. Significant correlations were found between tuber sugar contents (sucrose, reducing and total) measured at harvest and the reducing sugar content after storage. Similarly, in five of the six cultivars, the sucrose loss and the corresponding reducing sugar gain during storage were significantly correlated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358452
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelationships of the number of initial sprouts, stems, stolons and tubers per potato plant (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: cultivar differences ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The relationships between the number of initial sprouts, the number of main stems, stolons and tubers per plant are depicted in 4-quadrant figures. The number of sprouts per seed tuber varied because of different pre-sprouting conditions and/or because of the use of different cultivars. Good linear relationships are shown between the numbers of sprouts and stems, stolons and tubers, and sprouts and tubers, but especially between stolons and tubers within each trial with the one cultivar. When comparing different experiments with the one cultivar the linear relationship between the numbers of stems and stolons disappeared. When comparing different cultivars, no relation was found between the numbers of sprouts and stems. These two cases also led to a statistically less significant relation between the number of sprouts planted and the number of tubers harvested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358456
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of temperature on the development of wilting and on progeny tuber infection of potatoes inoculated with South African strains of biovar 2 and 3 ofPseudomonas solanacearum (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: bacterial wilt ; controlled environment ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato plants, after inoculation with a South African strain of biovar 2 or a strain of biovar 3 ofPseudomonas solanacearum were grown in growth chambers at temperatures ranging from 14/16°C (dark/light) up to 25/30°C. When grown at 14/16°C or higher, plants inoculated with the biovar 2 strain developed wilting symptoms and internal symptoms on progeny tubers and the disease was transmitted by the progeny tubers. When the plants were inoculated with the biovar 3 strain, wilting symptoms developed from 18/20°C, internal symptoms on progeny tubers from 20/22°C and the disease was transmitted by progeny tubers from plants grown at 16/18°C or higher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358459
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibility of potatoes to contrasting seasonal conditions, to high temperatures and to water deficit: The association with time of maturation and yield potential (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Mediterranean region ; spring ; autumn ; cultivar response ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genotypic variation in the adaptation of potatoes of several maturity classes to the specific climatological conditions of the autumn season, to the high summer temperatures and to water deficit, was studied. Late-maturing cultivars exhibited the highest yielding potential both in the spring and autumn seasons but specific compatibility of cultivars to the autumn was detected. The late-maturing cultivars were more susceptible to high temperatures than were the early ones. However, there were significant differences in susceptibility to high temperatures among cultivars of the same maturity class. Susceptibility to water deficit was similar in the various maturity classes, but there were differences in the susceptibility to drought among cultivars of the same maturity class. High yielding potential generally resulted also in acceptable tuber yields under conditions of water deficit. High temperatures in combination with a water deficit aggravated yield losses, especially in the late-maturing cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359306
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potato cuttings as models to study maturation and senescence (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; photoperiod ; sucrose ; glucose ; fructose ; reducing sugars ; periderm ; crisp color ; chip color
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Single leaf cuttings with their subtended axillary buds proved to be useful models to study maturation and senescence in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Senescence was more rapid if the cultivar was early maturing or if plants were exposed to short days before cuttings were taken. Rooting was decreased by short days before cutting; excision of the buried bud only partially overcame the effects on senescence and rooting. High rates of N to mother plants in the field delayed senescence of cuttings in a way analogous to the delayed senescence of field plants. The tuberization of cuttings from late maturing cultivars was decreased by high rates of N. The color of crisps made from bud tubers was positively correlated with the color of crisps made from ordinary tubers of the same cultivars. Sugar concentrations in bud tubers decreased as cuttings became more senescent and increased after cold storage. Bud tubers harvested while ‘immature’ had greater concentrations of reducing sugars after 90 d at 10°C than did ‘mature’ bud tubers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358134
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A glasshouse progeny test for resistance to gangrene (Phoma foveata) (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: disease screening ; Phoma exigua var.foveata ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Tubers were obtained from 80 glasshouse-grown seedlings of each of twelve progenies, inoculated withPhoma foveata Foister, and the mean percentage of infected tubers recorded. There was a good correlation (r=0.798) between this assessment and that made previously on field-grown tubers of eleven of the progenies. A gangrene test on glasshouse-grown tubers is suggested as a more rapid means of identifying progenies with useful levels of resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358138
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the distribution of phenylamide-resistant strains ofPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in Ireland 1985–89 (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 67-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Metalaxyl ; floating disc ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Phenylamide-based fungicides were reintroduced to the Irish market in 1985. Mixtures of phenylamides and mancozeb were recommended for no more than 3 sprays in potato late blight control programmes with the last systemic spray to be applied not later than 31 July. Samples of potato foliage infected withP. infestans were collected from the main potato growing areas in Ireland over a five-year period starting in 1985. Using the floating disc method, 11% of the crops sampled in 1985 were found to have phenylamide-resistant strains ofP. infestans present. The number of crops with resistant strains increased rapidly up to 1988 when 83% of the crops sampled had resistance. Factors affecting the distribution of resistance and the efficacy of a phenylamide-based spray programme are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358096
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of strains of potato virus S by nucleic acid spot hybridization (NASH) (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 487-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: PVS ; ELISA ; cDNA ; cloning ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two complementary DNA (cDNA) clones (0.9 kb and 1.6 kb) reacting to the ordinary strain of potato virus S (PVS) were compared with single-stranded randomly primed cDNA (prepared to total genomic RNA) as probes for various strains of PVS, using the technique of nucleic acid spot hybridization (NASH). The cDNA clones detected 11 PVS isolates well, including both Andean and ordinary strains, while one of each strain was detected weakly. As little as 5 femtograms of PVS RNA could be detected. A low cross hybridization was observed with cDNA probes to PVS with potato virus M and carnation latent virus both members of the carlavirus group. No cross homology was detected with seven other potato viruses. NASH was as sensitive and specific as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with no pretreatments of crude sap being required before spotting on nitrocellulose filters. Cloned cDNA probes would be suitable for mass screening of PVS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358027
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of phenols in potato tuber resistance against soft rot byErwinia carotovora ssp.carotovora (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: keeping quality ; nitrogen fertilizer ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Increasing doses of nitrogenous fertilizer increased storage rots in six potato cultivars of which cvs Kufri Sindhuri and Kufri Lalima rotted less and were found to contain high amounts of total phenols compared to the more susceptible cultivars Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Badshah. Nine phenolic acids were identified in the peel and the pulp of tubers and four of these and of other phenolic extracts from tubers suppressed the growth ofErwinia carotovora ssp.carotovora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358090
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    A strategy for integrated low-input potato production (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 57-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: crop rotation ; nitrogen fertilization ; haulm destruction ; non-chemical control ; organic manuring ; resistant cultivars ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Current systems of potato growing use large amounts of pesticides and fertilizers; these inputs are costly and cause environmental problems. In this paper a strategy for integrated low-input potato production is developed, with the aim of reducing costs, improving product quality and reducing environmental damage. The strategy involves suitable crop rotation, the use of cultivars with multiple resistance, modest fertilizer use (preferably based on organic manure), mechanical weed control, mechanical haulm destruction and limited use of pesticides. The prospects for this strategy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358095
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Sugar and dry matter changes in potatoes overwintered in soil in Greece (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; total sugars ; reducing sugars ; cvs Claustar ; Sebago ; Spunta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv. Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in cv. Spunta from February to April.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358044
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of ambient forced-air ventilation rate on potato storage wastage (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potatoes were stored in three insulated bins having ventilation rates of 0.0190, 0.0306 and 0.0417 m3/s·t. The results showed that in the climate of northern Italy potatoes can be stored successfully at ventilation rates of not less than 0.0306 m3/s·t resulting in product weight loss of less than 2.0% after 100 days' storage. The incidence of diseases and of sprouting was very low at rates of 0.0306 and 0.0417 m3/s·t, but greater at 0.019 m3/s·t because of the higher tuber temperature. Laboratory tests simulating ambient conditions confirmed the validity of a thermodynamic model simulating air-potato heat exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358020
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Nitrate estimates using the Nitrachek Test for precise N-fertilization during plant growth and, after harvest, for quality testing potato tubers (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 95-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: application ; N placement ; sap test ; nitrate in tubers ; N balance ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of various levels, timing, and form of inorganic and organic nitrogenous fertilizers on the variation in nitrate content of stem bases over time was measured by means of the Nitrachek test in experiments carried out on sandy soils in Bremervörde, Germany (1985–7) and Helsinki, Finland (1987). There were good correlations between fertilizer use and nitrate content in the stem sap, and it was shown to be feasible to derive standard nitrate values which varied with growth stage. Splitting the application of N gave higher yields than applying all the N in the seedbed. The nitrate contents of tubers at harvest were correlated with the intensity of fertilizer use and was influenced by season. Soil N balances showed that splitting the N dressings reduced the soil N content more than applying all the nitrogen at the time of planting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358103
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  • 14
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    Differential resistance to tuber late blight in potato cultivars without R-genes (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Phytophthora infestans ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In 1983 and 1984 there were reports in Norway of more severe late blight infection than usual on tubers of cv. Pimpernel, a cultivar without R-genes known to be somewhat resistant to both haulm and tuber infection. Results from routine tests confirmed earlier experience that cv. Pimpernel shows stable resistance to tuber late blight, although the ranking of cultivars may vary between years. In experiments during three harvest seasons tubers of different cultivars were inoculated with isolates ofP. infestans obtained from stocks of cv. Pimpernel with severe tuber late blight and with other isolates. In these experiments the isolates from cv. Pimpernel caused more rot on tubers of Pimpernel than did other isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358089
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Influence of the duration of acquisition and inoculation feeding on the effectiveness of potato leafroll virus transmission byMyzus persicae Sulz (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: short feeding time ; aphids ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In laboratory experiments PLRV transmission byMyzus persicae Sulz was shown to be possible even during a very brief feeding period onPhysalis floridana Rydb, in both acquisition and inoculation feeding. When the acquisition feeding time (AFT) was varied between 30 sec and 48 h the inoculation feeding time (IFT) was constant (48h) and vice versa: when the AFT was constant (48 h), the IFT was variable. The rate of infection was 2.2% following 30 sec AFT and 1.1% after 30 sec IFT. After 1 min feeding these infection rates increased to 7.9% and 1.8% respectively. The capacity for virus transmission was closely correlated with the increase in feeding time for both acquisition and inoculation feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358093
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  • 16
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    Analysis of potato microtuber proteins by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Solanum bulbocastanum Dun ; Japanese cultivar ; polypeptide ; patatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Protein banding patterns of 119 lines (85 Japanese potato lines and introductions, 22 dihaploids, 1 wild source (Solanum bulbocastanum Dun.), 10 transformants and 1 somaclonal variant) were compared by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Microtubers formed in vitro were used as the source of plant materials. There were more than 15 bands in the 35–20 kDa molecular weight range and less than 10 bands in the 65–40 kDa range. The bands in the 65–40 kDa range which corresponded to the potato tuber storage protein patatin were focussed to about 40 kDa after heat treatment. The results indicate a distinct difference in the banding patterns among potato lines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360501
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Field performance of potato microtubers as propagation material (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 353-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; transplanting ; harvest index ; size distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In five field trials with the cultivars Gloria (early), Bintje (mid-early) Désirée (mid-late) and Morene (late), crops grown from conventional 28–35 or 35–45 mm seed were compared with crops grown from microtubers, of various sizes and from various sources, that had been producedin vitro. The following means to quicken initial crop development from the micropropagated material were tested: large microtubers, plastic soil cover, and transplanting of plantlets grown from microtubers pre-planted in a glasshouse. Crops grown from microtubers weighing less than half a gram yielded much less than crops grown from conventional seed crops but their yields were increased by each treatment. With the later-maturing cultivars, which generally produce few tubers per plant, the yields within seed grades from plants grown from transplanted microtuber plants were comparable with those of conventional crops. Reasons are given, why direct planting of microtubers, with or without plastic foil, is not a practical option.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360509
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  • 18
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    Sugar content and dry matter in potatoes stored under fluctuating temperatures in non-refrigerated stores in Greece (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; Fina ; Sebago ; Spunta ; total sugars ; reducing sugars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potatoes were stored in non-refrigerated stores in the Marmarini area (central Greece, altitude about 50 m) and in the Polymylos area (northern Greece, altitude about 900m). In Polymylos, the tubers (cvs Fina and Spunta) were harvested in October 1985 and stored until April 1986; the temperature in the store fluctuated between −1°C and 14°C (mostly between 3°C and 7°C). In Marmarini, the tubers (cvs Sebago and Spunta) were harvested in December 1985 and stored until April 1986; the temperature in the store fluctuated between 0°C and 18°C (mostly between 5°C and 10°C). Every 1–2 months tubers were analysed for dry matter (DM), total sugars (TS) and reducing sugars (RS). In Marmarini, a significant increase of TS and RS was found in both cultivars from December to January, followed thereafter by a significant decrease. In Polymylos, a continuous (from November to April) increase in TS and RS was observed in cv. Fina while in cv. Spunta the sugars increased only until January, followed thereafter until April by a significant decrease.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360575
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  • 19
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    Evaluation of treatments with hot water, chemicals and ventilated containers to reduce microbial spoilage in irradiated potatoes (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; hot water dip ; salicylic acid ; hypochlorite ; Erwinia spp. rotting ; sprouting ; cool storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potatoes irradiated to control sprouting were dipped in: hot water (56°C, 5 min; 52°C, 10, 15 and 20 min); cold (25°C, 5 min) or hot (56°C, 5 min) salicylic acid (1000 and 2000 ppm); or sodium hypochlorite (0.1 and 0.2%, 5 min); or dusted with salicylic acid (1 and 2%), to try to reduce the incidence of bacterial soft rot (Erwinia sp.) during controlled temperature (10°C, 15°C) and ambient temperature (20–34°C) storage. All treatments, particularly hot water and hot salicylic acid dip, increased microbial spoilage, possibly as a result of handling damage during the treatments combined with the inhibition of wound periderm formation as a result of irradiation. Storing irradiated tubers in well ventilated containers reduced soft rot compared to storing them in sacks and after 6 months storage at 10, 15 and 20–34°C, 95, 90 and 77% respectively were healthy and marketable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358046
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  • 20
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    Yield and tuber characteristics of 4x progeny from 2x×2x crosses (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: FDR 2n gametes ; SDR 2n gametes ; allelic diversity ; maximum heterozygosity ; bilateral sexual polyploidization ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Unrelated, unselected 2x haploid-species hybrids that produce 2n eggs, by second division restitution and 2n pollen due to first division restitution were intercrossed to generate 4x progeny. The 19, 4x families were compared with seven cultivars for tuber yield, tuber appearance and tuber set. The mean yield of the 4x families was 30% higher than the mean yield of the cultivars. The best five 4x families outyielded the best five cultivars by 57% and 69% at two locations. Cultivars were superior for tuber appearance and tuber set. The high yields of the 4x families are due to genetic diversity of the 2x parents and their ability to transmit that diversity to the 4x progeny utilizing 2n gametes. The potential of the 2x×2x breeding method is dependent on developing 2x hybrid clones that form 2n eggs and possess desirable tuber types; clones producing 2n pollen and good tuber quality are available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360499
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  • 21
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    Manipulation of tuber-size distribution of a potato crop (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 417-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: stolonization ; tuberization ; tuber bulking ; size grade ; stem number ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Tuber-size distribution is regulated by many diverse, interacting mechanisms and is therefore difficult to understand and manipulate. It is determined by plant density, number of stems per plant, number of tubers per stem, and yield. Seed size and plant number per unit area are easy to control, but stem number is affected by less controllable factors. Interactions between stems of different types are important for tuber-size distribution. The hormonal regulation of stolonization and tuberization is still unknown, but under the conditions of north-west Europe the process of tuber set (which is also poorly understood) makes a greater contribution to the final number of tubers than tuberization. The total yield is also relevant, because it affects both the average tuber size and its variation. Tubers on the same stem differ in timing, rate and duration of growth. The resulting hierarchy in sink strength is not consistent over time. Several mechanisms are suggested for this hierarchy.
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    Detection of potato spindle tuber viroid by molecular hybridization and bioassay. A large-scale comparison (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 497-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: DNA probe ; nick-translation ; diagnosis ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To assess the reliability of dot-spot hybridization assay for the Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid, more than 1000 potato samples were cross-tested by biological and hybridization methods. Both methods gave similar results with a range of cultivars. The dot-spot hybridization test was reproducible with formaldehyde-denaturated cell-sap samples stored at room temperature for over 6 months. This finding means that samples can be transported from field stations to a diagnostic laboratory and allows for cross-checking of results between laboratories. The data suggest that dot-spot hybridization is suitable for breeding and quarantine purposes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358028
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    Influence of cultivar and prewarming on texture retention of thermally processed potatoes (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: calcium ; boiling ; microwave ; fracturability ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato cubes (2.5 cm) of six cultivars were soaked in CaCl2 solution (0.004% calcium) at 4°C for 21 h, prewarmed at 75°C for 30 min, and boiled (20 min) or microwaved (2 min, 15 sec). Prewarming treatment significantly retained fracturability (g force at first break point) of boiled samples over non-treated controls. Thirty min prewarming at 75°C gave maximum fracturability retention for boiled samples; prewarming time had no effect on texture of microwaved samples. Cultivar differences in fracturability correlated with inherent tuber calcium content.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358092
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    Relationships between ground cover, intercepted solar radiation, leaf area index and infrared reflectance of potato crops (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In field trials with potato several methods determining the proportion of intercepted solar radiation by the crop were compared. Non-destructive measurement of the proportion of ground cover with the aid of a grid correlated well with the proportion of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation as measured with a tube solarimeter and with the leaf area index. Measurement of the infrared reflectance of the crop proved to be an efficient and objective method to show differences between treatments. Moreover, it showed a good correlation with ground cover and radiation interception until full closure of the canopy. Percentage ground cover is useful for assessing intercepted solar radiation and leads to fewer errors in calculation of efficiency of conversion into dry matter than the other methods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358105
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    Sugar and dry matter changes in potatoes stored in a clamp in a mountainous region of Northern Greece (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; total sugars ; reducing sugars ; cvs Fina ; Marfona ; Spunta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato tubers (cvs Fina, Marfona and Spunta) were stored in a clamp in the region of Mount Vermion in Northern Greece (altitude about 1400 m) from October 1985 to April 1986. No sprout inhibitor was applied. Tubers were analysed for dry matter and sugar content at 2–4 month intervals. Cultivar and date of sampling had a no significant effect on dry matter but had a significant effect on the total and reducing sugar contents. A significant interaction between cultivar and date of sampling was observed for dry matter and sugars. A continuous increase of total and reducing sugars from October to April was found in tubers of cv. Marfona. In tubers of cvs Fina and Spunta the total and reducing sugars increased, significantly only until March, and thereafter decreased.
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    Blackspot injury of film-wrapped potatoes in relation to bruising and respiratory gases (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: endogenous gases ; shrink wrapping ; storage ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Film-wrapped potatoes were compared with non-wrapped potatoes for blackspot susceptibility. Individual ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes wrapped in Cryovac D-955 shrink film were less susceptible than non-wrapped potatoes to internal blackspot injuries when stored at 24°C. The film wrap reduced potato weight loss (water loss) but it did not alter the rate of respiration or the endogenous oxygen or carbon dioxide levels. Thus the reduced susceptibility to blackspot could not be related to reduced oxygen levels much as would inhibit the activity of polyphenol oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the development of internal blackspot. In addition to high suscetibility to internal blackspot, the non-wrapped potatoes shrivelled at 24°C and lost their marketable appearance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360498
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  • 27
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    Sporulation ofPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary on the surface of diseased potatoes and tuber to tuber spread of infection during handling (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 295-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: inoculation experiments ; in-store spread of infection ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Laboratory experiments and observations in commercial stores showed that viable sporangia ofPhytophthora infestans can be produced on infected potato tubers of different cultivars. Infection was also found to spread from diseased to healthy tubers during handling.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360502
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  • 28
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    Loss of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) during long-term cold storage of Dutch table potatoes (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: dehydroascorbic acid ; HPLC ; Dutch Food Composition Table ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Loss of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) from Dutch table potatoes during storage at 5–6°C over 8 months from November to July, was studied in two seasons. L-Ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid were analysed by HPLC. The amount of dehydroascorbic acid was negligible. Total loss of L-ascorbic acid varied between 21 and 60%. Some potato lots lost L-ascorbic acid rapidly in the first four months, others more gradually over the whole storage period. The L-ascorbic acid levels detected were 75–150% higher in the period March–June, but 35% lower in the period December–February than those indicated by the step-wise decreases in the Dutch Food Composition Table.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358137
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    An investigation into the factors influencing sugar levels in UK grown potatoes (cv. Record) (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: processing quality ; glucose ; fructose ; sucrose ; storage ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Reducing sugar and sucrose content of potato tubers (cv. Record) grown in Tayside (northern United Kingdom (UK)) and Lincolnshire (southern UK) were monitored during the 1984 growing season and after two months storage at 10°C. Neither latitude nor agronomic factors were shown to affect sugar content. Significant correlations were found between the post storage reducing sugar content and the sugar contents measured at harvest. Regression analyses indicated that in immature tubers sucrose breakdown was responsible for reducing sugar accumulation during storage.
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    Intercellular spaces enhance potato tuber elasticity (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: water saturation ; tuber injury ; lenticel perforation ; tuber maturity ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The intercellular volume within tuber tissue increases with tuber maturation. At the same time, both tuber injury after mechanical load and lentical perforation after water uptake by tubers in wet peat decreases. The degree of tuber injury is correlated with intercellular space (r=−0.667,n=16) and with water saturation of tissue (r=0.697,n=16). The tubers lose water during storage. In wet soil wilted tubers take up significantly higher amounts of water than turgid tubers, and lenticel perforation is much more frequent. Tuber maturation in autumn and low water loss during storage enhance the cushioning effect of the intercellular gas volume of tuber tissue against outside mechanical load and internal tension after water uptake.
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    Utilisation d'anticorps spécifiques d'une fraction obtenue par chromatographie d'exclusion pour une amélioration de la caractérisation sérologique deRhizoctonia solani Kühn AG3 (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: immunodiffusion ; électrotransfert ; marquage immunoenzymatique ; groupes d'anastomose ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A soluble mycelial extract ofR. solani AG3 was purified by size exclusion chromatography. Five peaks were present in the elution profile: the first was well defined and of large volume. It was retained to immunise a female rabbit by intradermic injection. The titre of the antiserum determined by double immuno-diffusion in agarose was 0.125. The antiserum was tested on isolates ofR. solani AG1, AG2, AG3, AG4, AG5, AG6, AG7, AGB1 and ofCeratobasidium CAG1, CAG2, CAG3, CAG4 and CAG5 (Table 1) using three different methods: - immunodiffusion with the test material adjusted to 3 mg/ml of proteins. Only AG3 isolates formed a single precipitation line (Fig. 1). - electrotransfer and immuno-blotting. Test samples containing 8 mg/ml of proteins were electrophoresed under natural conditions in a discontinuous system. The proteins were then electrotransferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Immunoenzymatic staining showed that only one band was present in AG3 isolates (Fig. 2). - immunoenzymatic labelling of the mycelium demonstrated the presence of dark granules on the cell wall of only AG3 isolates (Fig. 3).
    Notes: Résumé La purification d'un extrait mycélien soluble d'une souche deR. solani AG3 par chromatographie d'exclusion permet de recueillir une fraction antigénique. Une lapine est immunisée par voie intradermique. L'immunsérum titre 0,125 par la technique de double-diffusion en agarose. Différentes techniques sérologiques (immunodiffusion, électrotransfert suivi de révélation des fractions antigéniques, coloration immunoenzymatique du mycélium) sont appliquées à des souches deR. solani AG1, AG2, AG3, AG4, AG5, AG6, AG7, AGBI et deCeratobasidium CAG1, CAG2, CAG3, CAG4 et CAG5. Le sérum se révèle spécifique des souches AG3.
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    The development of mature plant resistance in four potato cultivars against aphid-inoculated potato virus YO and YN in four potato cultivars (1991)
    Springer
    Potato research 34 (1991), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: epidemiology ; forecasting ; control ; Myzuspersicae ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field-grown potato plants of cvs King Edward, Record, Maris Piper and Désirée were inoculated on seven different dates during the growing season of 1987 and 1988 with either potato virus YO (PVYO) or PVYN, using three viruliferous peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae) per plant. In each cultivar, the proportion of progeny tubers infected with PVYO or PVYN was high in plants inoculated during the four weeks following emergence, the proportion declining to zero or close to zero in the subsequent 4–6 wks.
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    Source: sink relationships in potato (Solanum tuberosum) as influenced by potassium chloride or potassium sulphate nutrition (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 124 (1990), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cell sap ; chloride ; fertilizer ; potassium ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; solute potential ; source: sink ; sulphate ; tuber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In pot experiments with Solanum tuberosum L. (cv Saturna) the application of KCl as compared to K2SO4 delayed tuber development. The solute composition of leaves of the KCl treated plants was significantly lower in K+ and NO3 -, but higher in Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl-. Since the solute potential in the KCl treated plants was more negative and associated with a higher water content, a higher turgor pressure can be assumed. This could explain the enhanced shoot growth observed with KCl. Application of K2SO4, on the other hand, accelerated the development of tubers. This might result from a less competitive shoot sink in K2SO4 treated plants and a stimulated phloem loading and translocation of assimilates by higher concentrations of leaf-K.
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    Starch synthesis in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers: Activity of selected enzymes in dependence of potassium content in storage tissue (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 124 (1990), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: enzyme activity ; potassium nutrition ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; starch synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Starch synthesis in potato tubers grown at varied K nutrition 0.1 (K1), 0.25 (K2) and 1.0 mmol K L- nutrient solution (K3) was investigated with particular regard to the activity of selected enzymes (sucrose synthase, UDP-D-glucose pyrophosphatase, starch phosphorylase, amylases) in dependence on tuber K content. Allocation of K to the tubers was nearly the same in all treatments. The activity of enzymes related to tuber K content did not differ significantly. Starch and K content of tubers increased with progressing age, whereas a decrease was observed in growth rate, starch synthesis per day and K uptake per day. Positive correlations between the rates of K uptake, starch production and growth indicate that the dynamic phase of K supply to the tubers is of greater importance for starch synthesizing processes than the influence of total K content.
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    Simulation of fertilizer influence on yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers by nonlinear optimization method (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 124 (1990), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: chemical compounds ; field and pot trials ; mathematical optimization model ; mineral nutrients ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; threshold values ; tuber yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Data of yield characteristics and the main chemical compounds of potato tubers, received from special NPK-fertilized pot and field trials, were individually evaluated by multiple regression analysis. The best suited mathematical functions, including linear, quadratic and interactive terms of N-, P- and K-concentrations in tuber dry matter, were integrated as independent variables into the models and the SUMT-method was applied for the nonlinear programming. Particular nutrient requirements could be derived from different NPK-ratios which were obtained by optimization. These ratios led to maximum tuber yield (=objective function) while at the same time observing special threshold values (e.g. nitrate) or limiting indices (=constraints) of tuber quality. By means of simulation it was possible to demonstrate characteristic differences between the effect of N-fertilization and varied N-concentrations on tuber yield and composition. Calculation of dependent variables by fixed NPK-ratios of the tubers resulted in excellent correspondence of the values for several parameters with the predictions made by both models, which were based on pot or field experiments.
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    The influence of Verticillium dahliae and drought on potato crop growth. 1. effects on gas exchange and stomatal behaviour of individual leaves and crop canopies (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 96 (1990), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Canopy enclosure ; stomatal conductance ; light response curve ; light use efficiency ; photosynthesis ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; transpiration ; water use efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Aardappelplanten (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv.Saturna werden onderworpen aan stress als gevolg vanVerticillium dahliae en droogte. In vroege stadia van de groei werden stomataire geleiding, transpiratie en netto fotosynthese bij lichtverzadiging (PAR〉300 W m−2) gemeten aan individuele bladeren en met een mobiel instrumentarium met behulp van gewaskappen. Er werden geen significante verschillen gevonden in de waarden van de stomataire geleiding en de gasuitwisslingskarakteristieken als gevolg vanV. dahliae-besmetting tot een maand na opkomst. Daarna leidde infectie metV. dahliae tot een afname van de stomataire geleiding, transpiratie en netto fotosynthese, speciaal bij oudere bladeren en bij planten die meer aan zonlicht waren blootgesteld. Soms vertoondeV. dahliae interactie met droogte en bleken beide effecten minder dan optelbaar. De hoge waarden van de variatiecoëfficiënten maakten een groot aantal metingen per behandeling noodzakelijk; dit was vooral het geval bij metV. dahliae geïnfecteerde planten hetgeen aantoont datV. dahliae vooral in het begin van de groei niet alle bladeren in gelijke mate aantast. Door de matigende invloed van de integratie van alle bladlagen en mogelijk doordat de bovenste bladeren werden gestimuleerd, werd de totale gewasfotosynthese in mindere mate beïnvloed doorV. dahliae dan de individuele bladfotosynthese. De bovenste niet geïnfecteerde bladeren bleken verantwoordelijk voor het grootste gedeelte van de gewas-fotosynthese. De resultaten tonen aan, dat volgend op een infectie metV. dahliae, de fotosynthese reeds in een vroeg stadium van de groei wordt verminderd als een gevolg van droogtestress in de bladeren.
    Notes: Abstract Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants cv.Saturna were subjected to infection withVerticillium dahliae and drought stress. At the early stages of growth, stomatal conductance, transpiration and net photosynthesis were measured at light saturation (PAR〉300 m−2) on individual leaves and with mobile field equipment with the aid of field enclosures. No significant changes in stomatal conductance and gas exchange characteristics occurred as a result ofV. dahliae instomatal conductance, transpiration and and photosynthetic rates, especially on older leaves and on plants exposed to direct sunlight for a longer period of time. In combination with drought,V. dahliae only occasionally showed interaction; their effects being less than additive. High values of coefficients of variatoon necessitated a high number of measurements per treatment; the more so in the inoculated plants which shows thatV. dahliae seems to affect certain leaves while not affecting others early in growth. Crop photosynthesis was less reduced byV. dahliae than individual leaf photosynthesis due to the levelling effect of integration over the whole canopy and possibly through a stimulation of the top leaves. The upper non-affected leaves are responsible for the bulk of photosynthetic crop activity. The results indicate that following an infection withV. dahliae photosynthesis is reduced early in growth as a result of drought stress in the leaves.
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    Photosynthesis, transpiration and plant growth characters of different potato cultivars at various densities of Globodera pallida (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 97 (1991), S. 297-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: potato cyst nematodes ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; host-parasite interaction ; damage mechanism ; tolerance ; gas exchange ; stomata ; water use efficiency ; total dry weight ; leaf area ; stem length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plants of four potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were grown in pots in a greenhouse at five densities ofGlobodera pallida between 0 and 300 eggs per gram of soil. Photosynthesis and transpiration of selected leaves were measured at 30, 37, 49 and 60 days after planting. Stem length was recorded at weekly intervals. Plants were harvested 70 days afteer planting and various plant variables were determined. At 30 days after planting, when second and third stage juveniles were present in roots, both photosynthesis and transpiration rates were severely reduced byG. pallida. In the course of time these effects became less pronounced. Water use efficiency was reduced byG. pallida between 30 and 49 days, but not at 60 days after planting. The results suggest independent effects ofG. pallida on stomatal opening and on photosynthesis reactions. There were no consistent differences among cultivars in the response of leaf gas exchange rates and water use efficiency to nematode infection. Reduction of photosynthesis byG. pallida appeared additive to photosynthesis reduction due to leaf senescence. Total dry weight was reduced by 60% at the highestG. pallida density. Weights of all plant organs were about proportionally affected. Shoot/root ratio was not affected and dry matter content was reduced. Stem length and leaf area were most strongly reduced during early stages of plant-nematode interaction. The number of leaves formed was only slightly reduced byG. pallida, but flowering was delayed or inhibited. Reduction of total dry weight correlated with reduction of both leaf area and photosynthesis rate. Leaf area reduction seems the main cause of reduction of dry matter production. Tolerance differences among cultivars were evident at 100 eggs per gram of soil only, where total dry weight of the intolerant partially resistant cv. Darwina was lower than that of the tolerant partially resistant cv. Elles and of the tolerant susceptible cv. Multa. The tolerance differences were not correlated with leaf photosynthesis and transpiration. Apparently these processes are not part of tolerance of plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974225
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    The influence of cyst nematodes and drought on potato growth. 2. Effects on plant water relations under semi-controlled conditions (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 97 (1991), S. 162-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: dry matter content ; Globodera pallida ; leaf water potential ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; stomatal resistance ; water use efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Potatoes were grown under a permanent rain shelter in mobile containers in soil with and without potato cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida). The plants were either subjected to an early drought stress period from planting until 43 days after planting, to a late drought stress period during tuber bulking or to a drought control. Leaf water potentials, stomatal diffusion resistances for water vapour, transpiration rates, dry matter accumulation and water use efficiencies of the plants were determined periodically. Both drought and nematodes decreased leaf water potential and increased stomatal resistance. Drought led to a higher water use efficiency, cyst nematode infection, however, reduced the water use efficiency at early stages of growth, and increased it at later stages. It is concluded that at least two main growth reducing mechanisms exist of which the relative importance varies with time. Firstly, reduced apparent assimilation rates, which are unrelated to a change in the water balance caused by the initial attack by the cyst nematodes. Secondly, a reduced dry matter accumulation resulting from a decrease of water uptake. Effects of drought and cyst nematode infection on plant growth and water relations were not always additive mainly because infected plants used up less water leading to less drought stress.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995965
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