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  • Articles  (10)
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  • artificial intelligence
  • Springer  (10)
  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1995  (1)
  • 1988  (9)
  • Mathematics  (10)
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  • Articles  (10)
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  • Springer  (10)
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  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A prolog-based decision support system for computer capacity planning (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 337-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Decision support systems ; logic programming ; prolog ; artificial intelligence ; computer capacity planning ; planning for resource acquisition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a project to implement a decision support system for computer capacity planning. The system provides an intelligent interface to the various models needed for this type of planning by assisting the user in model formulation, data manipulation, model execution, interpretation and manipulation of results. The implementation strategy is based on the integration of relational model and database management with logic. A modified version of a Prolog interpreter is utilized as the vehicle for this integrated strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186375
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A knowledge-based approach to scheduling in an F.M.S. (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 109-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Flexible manufacturing system ; production scheduling ; artificial intelligence ; predicate calculus ; state-operator framework ; knowledge-based system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the development of a computer-based system for production scheduling in a dedicated FMS. The system is based on the state-operator framework commonly used in artificial intelligence. Such a system consists of three components: (i) a knowledge base of states, which describes both the current task domain situation and the goal to be achieved; (ii) a set of operators that are used to manipulate the knowledge base; and (iii) a control strategy to decide which operators to apply next and to resolve conflicts. Some of the interesting features of the scheduling system include: (i) the ability to detect resource conflicts; (ii) the ability to determine alternate routes for a given part in the event of a resource conflict; and (iii) the ability to amend plans if an alternate route is found. These features allow the system to take advantage of the flexible routing for parts that an FMS allows. The system has been implemented using the XLISP programming language. Implementation considerations are discussed. A small but comprehensive example is presented. Further research directions are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186363
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized resolution and cutting planes (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 217-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Propositional logic ; resolution ; integer programming ; theorem proving ; artificial intelligence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper illustrates how the application of integer programming to logic can reveal parallels between logic and mathematics and lead to new algorithms for inference in knowledge-based systems. If logical clauses (stating that at least one of a set of literals is true) are written as inequalities, then the resolvent of two clauses corresponds to a certain cutting plane in integer programming. By properly enlarging the class of cutting planes to cover clauses that state that at least a specified number of literals are true, we obtain a generalization of resolution that involves both cancellation-type and circulant-type sums. We show its completeness by proving that it generates all prime implications, generalizing an early result by Quine. This leads to a cutting-plane algorithm as well as a generalized resolution algorithm for checking whether a set of propositions, perhaps representing a knowledge base, logically implies a given proposition. The paper is intended to be readable by persons with either an operations research or an artificial intelligence background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186368
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A knowledge-based system for tactical situation assessment (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Situation assessment ; human-machine interface ; intelligent assistant ; intelligent interface ; human-machine system ; artificial intelligence ; operations research ; knowledge-based systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract To perform tactical situation assessment effectively, a system must be capable of performing tactical information integration, interpretation, and threat evaluation. This paper describes a prototype system for naval surface warfare which incorporates a human operator for integration, an artificial intelligence-based subsystem for interpretation, and an operations research-based system for evaluation. The system provides the operator with an interactive environment for displaying and managing tactical information and tools for interpreting and evaluating it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186371
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    User-model interaction in decision support systems for risk management (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 16 (1988), S. 185-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: risk management ; decision analysis ; expert systems ; artificial intelligence ; operations research
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes and evaluates three different approaches to building decision support systems: the Operations Research/Management Science approach, the Decision Analysis/Multiattribute Utility approach, and the Artificial Intelligence/Expert Systems approach. It evaluates the usefulness of the three approaches for risk management. In particular, it defines evaluation objectives of risk analysts, risk managers, and laypeople and provides a subjective assessment how the three approaches stack up against their objectives. The paper concludes that for most risk management applications a combination of the three approaches would be most desirable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283744
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative formulations of mixed integer programs (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 12 (1988), S. 241-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Mixed-integer programming ; logic ; representability ; artificial intelligence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We study the formation of mixed-integer programming (MIP) constraints through the development of constructions which syntactically parallel the set operations of union, intersection, Cartesian product, and linear affine transformation. In this manner, we are able to both modularize the work of constructing representations (as the representations for base sets of a composite construction need not be disjunctively derived) and to make connections to certain of the logic-based approaches to artificial intelligence which utilize the intersection (“and”) and union (“or”) operations. We provide results which allow one to “calculate” the linear relaxation of a composite construction, in terms of set operations on the relaxation of the base sets. We are also able to compare the size of the relaxations for different formulations of the same MIP set, when these different formulations arise from one another through distributive laws. Utilizing these results, we generalize the Davis-Putnam algorithm of propositional logic to an MIP form, and answer a question regarding the relative efficiency of two versions of this algorithm. In this context, the subroutines of the logic algorithm correspond to list processing subroutines for MIP to be used prior to running linear programs. They are similar in nature to preprocessing routines, wherein entire MIP constraint sets are manipulated as formal symbols of logic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186369
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knowledge-based geographic information systems (KBGIS): New analytic and data management tools (1988)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 20 (1988), S. 1021-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: geographic information system ; geography ; geology ; earth science data ; spatial data ; artificial intelligence ; data analysis ; data bases ; data management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In its simplest form, a geographic information system (GIS) may be viewed as a data base management system in which most of the data are spatially indexed, and upon which sets of procedures operate to answer queries about spatial entities represented in the data base. Utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can enhance greatly the capabilities of a GIS, particularly in handling very large, diverse data bases involved in the earth sciences. A KBGIS has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey which incorporates AI techniques such as learning, expert systems, new data representation, and more. The system, which will be developed further and applied, is a prototype of the next generation of GIS's, an intelligent GIS, as well as an example of a general-purpose intelligent data handling system. The paper provides a description of KBGIS and its application, as well as the AI techniques involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892977
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiments with microcomputer-based artificial intelligence environments (1988)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 20 (1988), S. 1037-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; data bases ; microcomputer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been experimenting with the use of relatively inexpensive microcomputers as artificial intelligence (AI) development environments. Several AI languages are available that perform fairly well on desk-top personal computers, as are low-to-medium cost expert system packages. Although performance of these systems is respectable, their speed and capacity limitations are questionable for serious earth science applications foreseen by the USGS. The most capable artificial intelligence applications currently are concentrated on what is known as the “artificial intelligence computer,” and include Xerox D-series, Tektronix 4400 series, Symbolics 3600, VAX, LMI, and Texas Instruments Explorer. The artificial intelligence computer runs expert system shells and Lisp, Prolog, and Smalltalk programming languages. However, these AI environments are expensive. Recently, inexpensive 32-bit hardware has become available for the IBM/AT microcomputer. USGS has acquired and recently completed Beta-testing of the Gold Hill Systems 80386 Hummingboard, which runs Common Lisp on an IBM/AT microcomputer. Hummingboard appears to have the potential to overcome many of the speed/capacity limitations observed with AI-applications on standard personal computers. USGS is a Beta-test site for the Gold Hill Systems GoldWorks expert system. GoldWorks combines some high-end expert system shell capabilities in a medium-cost package. This shell is developed in Common Lisp, runs on the 80386 Hummingboard, and provides some expert system features formerly available only on AI-computers including frame and rule-based reasoning, on-line tutorial, multiple inheritance, and object-programming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00892978
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear programming based decomposition approach in evaluating priorities from pairwise comparisons and error analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 84 (1995), S. 207-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Pairwise comparisons ; eigenvectors ; analytic hierarchy process ; linear programming ; fuzzy sets ; membership values ; artificial intelligence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract One of the most difficult issues in many real-life decisionmaking problems is how to estimate the pertinent data. An approach which uses pairwise comparisons was proposed by Saaty and is widely accepted as an effective way of determining these data. Suppose that two matrices with pairwise comparisons are available. Furthermore, suppose that there is an overlapping of the elements compared in these two matrices. The problem examined in this paper is how to combine the comparisons of the two matrices in order to derive the priorities of the elements considered in both matrices. A simple approach and a linear programming approach are formulated and analyzed in solving this problem. Computational results suggest that the LP approach, under certain conditions, is an effective way for dealing with this problem. The proposed approach is of critical importance because it can also result in a reduction of the total required number of comparisons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191743
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new sequential cluster algorithm for optical lens design (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 59 (1988), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Cluster theory ; artificial intelligence ; decision rules ; optical lens systems ; nonlinear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Optical lens design problems are solved by numerical optimization. If we describe an optical lens system by constructive parameters, we may identify such a system by a vectorx ∈ ℝ n . To find an adequate system for a given problem, we have to organize the optimization process in a parameter space with a fixed dimensionn. Often, such an optimization leads to inadequate results. For this reason, we have to alter the number of lenses contained in the system. Consequently, we have to change the dimension of the space for the parametric description of the lens system. This paper describes a special sequential cluster algorithm to realize the move from one parameter space to another by computation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00938306
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