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  • Articles  (62,554)
  • 1985-1989  (62,554)
  • 1987  (62,554)
  • Biology  (62,554)
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  • Articles  (62,554)
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  • 1985-1989  (62,554)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intestinal Mucus Protects Giardia lamblia from Killing by Human Milk (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have previously shown that nonimmune human milk kills Giardia lamblia trophozoites in vitro. Killing requires a bile salt and the activity of the milk bile salt-stimulated lipase. We now show that human small-intestinal mucus protects trophozoites from killing by milk. Parasite survival increased with mucus concentration, but protection was overcome during longer incubation times or with greater milk concentrations. Trophozoites preincubated with mucus and then washed were not protected. Protective activity was associated with non-mucin CsCl density gradient fractions. Moreover, it was heat-stable, non-dialyzable, and non-lipid. Whereas whole mucus inhibited milk lipolytic activity, protective mucus fractions did not inhibit the enzyme. Furthermore, mucus partially protected G. lamblia trophozoites against the toxicity of oleic acid, a fatty acid which is released from milk triglycerides by lipase. These studies show that mucus protects G. lamblia both by inhibiting lipase activity and by decreasing the toxicity of products of lipolysis. The ability of mucus to protect G. lamblia from toxic lipolytic products may help to promote intestinal colonization by this parasite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03124.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Species of Perezia (Microsporida: Pereziidae) from the Argentine Grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The new microsporidium (Microsporida: Pereziidae), Perezia dichroplusae n. sp., infects the epithelial cells of the Malpighian tubules of the Argentine grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus. Characteristics of the pathogen include the following: development in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm; bi-, tetra-, and sometimes multinucleate diplokaryotic meronts, rounded or elongate in shape; unikaryotic sporonts and sporogonial plasmodia, elongate in shape; sporoblasts and spores uninucleated; spores highly variable in size (1.6–6.7 by 1.0–2.7 μm, x̄= 3.5 ± 0.09 by 1.5 ± 0.02, n = 100) with eight or fewer polar tube coils and showing a posterior electron-dense inclusion body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03128.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion, Morphology, and Locomotion of Paramoeba pemaquidensis Page (Amoebida, Paramoebidae): Effects of Substrate Charge Density and External Cations (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Morphology and locomotive behavior in the marine amoeba, Paramoeba pemaquidensis Page, was examined under different environmental conditions. Paramoeba requires a minimum surface negative charge density for adhesion of amoebae to substrata. Once adhesion to the substratum has been attained, however, surface negative charge density has no effect on morphology or locomotive rate. Divalent cations are not required for adhesion, but external calcium is required for normal locomotion. In the presence of calcium, Paramoeba often assumes a locomotive form with a broad, well-developed anterior hyaline region and truncate posterior region. Locomotive forms vary from those with only a well-developed hyaline region (Flabellula-like) to forms with long digitiform sub-pseudopodia (Vexillifera-like), with intermediate morphotypes. Locomotive rates decrease and anteroposterior polarity disappears in the presence of living or heat-killed bacteria, indicating that phagocytosis temporarily interferes with locomotion and alters form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03188.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Factors Controlling the Distribution of Two Pond-Dwelling Ciliates with Algal Symbionts (Frontonia vernalis and Euplotes daidaleos) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The vertical distributions of two pond-dwelling zoochlorellae-bearing ciliates (Euplotes daidaleos Diller & Kounaris, 1966 and Frontonia vernalis Ehrenberg, 1838) were monitored over a 24-h period. Both species maintained peak abundance at a low O2 level (usually 〈 1 mg/liter). They did not migrate in response to the changing light level. Experiments with laboratory cultures indicated that the characteristic distribution in an O2 gradient in the dark was largely controlled by the oxygen tension. The increased motility in anoxia and high pO2 was independent of large changes in pCO2 and pH. Ciliates living in anoxia or a very low pO2 would migrate out of the dark and into the dimly lit (10 μE m-2 sec-1) part of a glass cell because there they could photosynthesize, produce O2, and create a suitable oxygenated microenvironment; a further increase in the light level caused a slow migration out of the light. Similar migrations were observed when the light level remained low but the pO2 was artificially raised. Ciliates suspended in 1 μM DCMU (an inhibitor of photosynthetic O2 evolution) took longer to migrate into the light and they did not avoid high light levels (〉 100, μE m-2 sec-1)- Frontonia suspended in water with a pO2 of 1% aggregated at a low light level (1 μE m-2 sec-1); peak daytime abundance in the pond occurred at about this light level. Frontonia vernalis tends to swim vertically upwards (anterior end up) when suspended in anoxic water. This apparent negative geotaxis compensates for the high sedimentation velocity (0.36 mm sec-1) of this large ciliate and facilitates its aggregation at the metalimnion. The O2 tension appears to be the principal factor controlling the vertical distributions of both species. Occasional, enhanced convection within the metalimnion has a secondary influence. Light influences the vertical profile only if it promotes photosynthesis and increases the intracellular pO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03189.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Populations of Leucocytozoon Gametocytes in Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) from Hardwicke Island, British Columbia (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Population dynamics of round and elongate gametocytes of Leucocytozoon in wild and captive blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus (Say)) from Hardwicke Island, British Columbia, were studied from 1980 to 1982. Blue grouse chicks were sampled weekly throughout each transmission season. Three patterns in the type of gametocyte produced during primary infection were observed in naturally-infected captive and wild blue grouse chicks. Such variation in the expression of the gametocyte stage within a single host population suggests a different interpretation than has been previously reported for species of Leucocytozoon. The data from the primary patterns and profiles coupled with reexposure data and the asynchronous appearance of round and elongate gametocytes can be best interpreted as infection with two concurrent species of Leucocytozoon in blue grouse. More detailed research on the life cycle is necessary to confirm if two species of Leucocytozoon exist in blue grouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03192.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trypanosoma cruzi: Analysis of the Population Dynamics of Heterogeneous Mixtures (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Utilizing the previously reported inter-clonal differences in total DNA/organism, flow cytometry was used to analyze the population dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi clone mixtures growing in liquid medium or vertebrate cells. The growth of clone mixtures in liquid medium can be described by unique parameters reflecting exponential growth rate (r), stationary phase population density (1/k), and the interaction between the clones (h). The relative numbers of each clone in the population change rapidly with time and the results arc in quantitative agreement with mathematical models of competitive population growth. The relationship between the parameters for T. cruzi is such that, in general, there is no dynamic equilibrium with coexistence of clones with different growth rates; under all culture protocols, the faster growing clone will prevail. A computer simulation of the vertebrate cell cycle of T. cruzi suggests that clone mixtures grow relatively independently; the basic attributes of the model were substantiated experimentally. Although wide fluctuations in the proportion of each clone released occurred, the faster growing clone again predominated. Finally, these results underline the importance of working with well-defined clones in the laboratory to avoid inconsistencies and paradoxical results and stress the importance of the rapid isolation of single cell clones from clinical specimens when studying the relationship of the parasite to human disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03202.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Biogenic Amines on Phagocytosis in Tetrahymena thermophila (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Stimulation of phagocytosis by serotonin and catecholamincs in Tetrahymena grown in proteose-peptone medium proved to be concentration dependent, the optimal concentrations being ∼0.1 to 1.0 μM. The serotonergic antagonists, spiperone, and metergoline, also stimulated the process, whereas the β- and α-adrenergic antagonists, propranolol, alprenolol, and ergocryptine, had no effect or inhibited phagocytosis. A wide variety of derivatives of the biogenic amines had no effect on phagocytosis, demonstrating the specificity of recognition mechanism for neurohormones in Tetrahymena. Such hormones act by at least two independent mechanisms, one for adrenergic agonists, another for dopamine. Presumably, recognition mechanisms for hormones in protozoa resemble in some respects those in multicellular organisms, therefore bespeaking a common origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03208.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcocystis in Muscles of Raccoons (Procyon lotor L.) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis sp. were found in 26 (50%) of 52 raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Ohio, Pennsylvania, Florida, and Maryland. Although only 4 (7.7%) of 52 cardiac muscle specimens were found to contain sarcocysts, 25% to 36.5% of tongue, diaphragm, masseter muscle, and esophagus specimens were found infected. By light microscopy, sarcocyst walls were 〈3 μm thick and had no conspicuous projections; interior septa were indistinct. By transmission electron microscopy, sarcocyst walls had short (mean = 2.7 μm), villus-like protrusions; thin septa were seen within the sarcocysts. The raccoon may be an intermediate host for a Sarcocystis sp. that completes its life cycle in an unidentified, wild carnivore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03211.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell Adhesion in Trypanosoma: In Vitro Studies of the Interaction of Trypanosoma vivax with Immobilized Organic Dyes (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Certain bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma vivax have been shown to attach to Amicon Matrex™ Gel Green A dye beads in a manner similar to the in vivo binding of T. vivax to the inner surface of the tsetse fly proboscis. We now report an in vitro assay for trypanosome-bead attachment and show that only the 9,10-anthraquinone portion of the dye molecule is involved in the binding of trypanosomes to beads and that bead-bound dyes with similar structures also support binding to differing degrees. The binding is dependent upon the amount of dye on the beads and this, and other evidence, suggests that an array of dye molecules, rather than individual molecules, may be the actual recognition site. Various external effectors, including temperature, soluble protein-dye complexes, and serum of mice with chronic T. vivax infections, reduce trypanosome binding, indicating that at least one immunogenic trypanosome macromolecule is involved. The trypanosome-bead interaction mimics the in vivo binding to tsetse proboscis and warrants closer examination as a model of trypanosome cell adhesion in the tsetse fly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03215.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redescription of Paralagenophrys singularis (Kellicott) n. comb. (Ciliophora: Peritricha: Lagenophryidae) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lagenophrys singularis is removed from Lagenophrys and designated the type species of Paralagenophrys n. g. Compared to members of Lagenophrys, the oral area of P. singularis is radically distorted. Paralagenophrys apparently also lacks second-type division, a special phase of sexual reproduction characteristic of Lagenophrys and associated with its adaptation to symbiotic life on crustaceans. Members of Lagenophrys are obligate ectocommensals of crustaceans. In contrast, P. singularis (Kellicott, 1887) n. comb. occurs most often on the leaves of aquatic vascular plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03168.x
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