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  • Metabolism
  • Springer  (11)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • PANGAEA
  • 1985-1989  (11)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1987  (11)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (11)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • PANGAEA
Years
  • 1985-1989  (11)
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nematode feeding and activity: the importance of development stages (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 3 (1987), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Trophic levels ; Nutrient cycles ; Metabolism ; Mononchida ; Nematoda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nematodes have four juvenile stages and there is significant growth during development. The stages may differ in their respiratory and metabolic rates, and one stage may have significantly greater resistance to environmental stress. The mode of life of successive stages may vary from migratory to sessile. In both the Diplogasterida and Mononchida initial stages may be bacterial-feeding and later stages predatory on protozoa or nematodes. If the role of nematode species in promoting mineralization of nutrients is to be fully understood it is necessary to determine the trophic and metabolic characters of each stage under field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260596
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation and metabolism of a fungicide, 2,4,5,6-tetra-chloroisophthalonitrile (TPN) in soil (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 3 (1987), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Organochlorine pesticides ; 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile ; TPN ; Metabolism ; Soil conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Degradation of a fungicide, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (TPN) in soil was studied under laboratory conditions. TPN degraded more rapidly under 60% WHC conditions than at 20%, 40% and 100% WHC, while its degradation was rapid at temperatures of 25°C-30°C, evidently due to the microbial degradation. TPN degraded mainly through dechlorination and partly a substitution reaction. The degradation products identified by gas chromatographic analyses were: 2,4,5-trichloroisophthalonitrile (abbreviated as 2,4,5-Cl3-IPN), 2,4,6-Cl3-IPN, 2,4-Cl2-lPN, 2,5-Cl2-IPN, 4-Cl-IPN, 5-Cl-IPN, IPN, 2,5,6-Cl34-(OH)-IPN and 2,5,6-Cl3-4-(OCH3)-IPN. Peaks with longer retention times than that of TPN were not identified. Tentative degradation pathways were proposed on the basis of the identified degradation products. About 90% of the bacterial strains isolated from the soil to which TPN had been added degraded TPN, suggesting enrichment of the soil with TPN-degrading bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640631
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segmental variations in the organization of the endoplasmic reticulum of the rat nephron (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Ultrastructure ; Membrane transport ; Metabolism ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The spatial organization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was examined in all segments of rat nephron. Tissues were fixed with glutaraldehyde, impregnated “en bloc” with osmium tetroxide, prepared for and examined by standard (80–100 kV) and high voltage (1 mEV) transmission electron microscopy. In all proximal tubule cells, ER forms a continuous and extensive network of canaliculi and abundant fenestrated saccules which surround mitochondria and cytoplasmic bodies; the cage-like structure of the fenestrated saccules was most evident around the spherical mitochondria of the S3 segment. In the cells of the distal straight and convoluted tubules, the network consists mostly of canaliculi with rare non-fenestrated saccules. The ER network of canaliculi is particularly rich in intercalated cells, in contrast with its rudimentary appearance in the adjacent principal cells of the collecting tubule. In fact, in these cells there are few isolated ER cisternae and they are rarely impregnated. The nuclear envelope is well impregnated in most cells throughout the various segments. Segmental variations in ER organization and its relative abundance are most likely related to the well, established functional heterogeneity of the nephron segments. Moreover, the extensive and unique organization among mitochondria, ER and the basolateral membrane suggests that these three organelles function as a unit which is related to active electrolyte transport. In addition, because of its transepithelial organization, ER may well constitute a transcellular pathway for molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216564
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deterioration of kidney function by high doses of co-trimoxazole in man (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Clearance, renal ; Crystalluria ; Kidney diseases ; Metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pneumocystis carinii ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Trimethoprim
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract High doses of co-trimoxazole in a patient withPneumocystis carinii and impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance 10 ml/min) resulted in a declining renal clearance of the drug but did not affect the average creatinine clearance. The renal clearance of sulfamethoxazole and its metabolites 5-hydroxy-, N4-acetyl-, N4-acetyl-5-hydroxysulfamethoxazole decreased 80%, while the renal clearance of trimethoprim decreased 60%. The renal clearance of all compounds was evidently dependent on urine flow. The observed phenomena may be explained by the assumption that crystalluria occurred, obstructing kidney tubules. The crystalluria effect can be reversed by cessation of the drug or by lowering its dosage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960746
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metabolic function of the lung (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Anoxemia ; Clearance ; Lung diseases ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Whereas the respiratory function of the lung has been studied extensively, there are only scarce data available concerning the lung's drug clearance capabilities in man. Its metabolic function in hormonally active agents has been documented in animals. To gain insight in this non-respiratory function of the lung knowledge of the architecture of the alveolar-capillary unit and the histochemistry of its different cell types is necessary. Some examples of studies with drugs are presented to illustrate the methods that have been used in metabolic and uptake studies of the lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960737
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of cefradine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and their metabolites in a patient with peritonitis undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 110-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Cefradine ; Clearance ; Kidney diseases ; Metabolism ; Peritoneal dialysis, continuous ambulatory ; Pharmacokinetics ; Protein binding ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Trimethoprim
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cefradine and co-trimoxazole pharmacokinetics were studied in a patient with peritonitis that complicated continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Concentrations in the plasma reached after oral administration of 500 mg cefradine four times daily and 400/80 mg co-trimoxazole four times daily were for cefradine 100μg/ml, for trimethoprim 15μg/ml, and for sulfamethoxazole 100μ/ml, respectively. In the dialysate concentrations were reached of 35–70μ/ml cefradine, 2–5μ/ml trimethoprim and 8–17μg/ml sulfamethoxazole. The values for sulfamethoxazole are regarded too low to be clinically effective. Half-lives protein binding values and CAPD clearances are presented. Low CAPD clearances were obtained during the night and high values during the day. The dosage yielded too high plasma trimethoprim concentrations, while sulfamethoxazole dialysate concentrations were too low. It seems questionable therefore whether co-trimoxazole can be used orally for the treatment of CAPD peritonitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960745
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tick-borne fever on metabolism and renal clearance of sulfadimidine in goats (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Clearance, renal ; Goats ; Kidney diseases ; Metabolism ; Sulfadimidine ; Tick-borne fever
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The tick-borne fever (TBF) model was used to study the effect of fever on the metabolism of sulfadimidine in goats. During TBF the elimination half-lives were prolonged, and the renal clearance values of sulfadimidine and the majority of its metabolites were markedly diminished compared with those in the uninfected state. During TBF the steady-state levels of the hydroxy metabolites were markedly increased. TBF reduced the extent of hydroxymethylation of the pyrimidine side chain; TBF did not affect acetylation of sulfadimidine. In one goat a progressive accumulation of the metabolites was noticed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960742
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of binding to albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein on the clearance of drugs by the liver (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Albumin ; Clearance, hepatic ; Drag transport ; Liver diseases ; Metabolism ; Orosomucoid ; Pharmacokinetics ; Protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The liver is a major site for synthesis and catabolism of plasma proteins. Albumin has various binding sites for anionic drugs,α 1acid glycoprotein possesses a single binding site for cationic drugs. In spite of extensive protein binding, the liver can efficiently remove drags from the circulation. Intrahepatic dissociation of the drag-protein complex may involve dissociation-limited debinding under non-equilibrium conditions or surface interaction-facilitated dissociation phenomena. During liver or renal disease and acute-phase conditions plasma protein binding of drugs may be affected. Changes in the unbound drag fraction do not always result in proportional changes in clearance or distribution volume. Potential changes in the unbound concentration in steady-state as well as the fluctuations in total plasma levels depend on the extent of protein binding of a drug, the relative change in the unbound drug fraction, type of clearance, the size of the distribution volume, route of administration as well as concomitant changes in intrinsic (cellular) clearance function. Optimization of dosage regimens for certain drags and interpretation of liver function tests with diagnostic dyes may largely benefit from determination of the unbound rather than the total concentration of the drags involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960738
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in drug metabolism: importance of genetic constitution (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Cytochrome P-450 ; Debrisoquine ; Isoenzymes ; Metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Polymorphism (genetics) ; Sparteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In man wide variability exists in the rate of metabolism of drugs and among factors which contribute to this phenomenon genetic constitution is of major importance. The metabolism of a number of drugs is subject to polymorphism and the frequency distribution of particular pharmacokinetic parameters shows bimodality, with poor (PM) and extensive metabolizers (EM). Acetylation of a number of drugs is known to be polymorphic and the incidence of poor metabolizers varies markedly among different populations. Debrisoquine and sparteine are frequently applied model substrates for the characterization of a polymorphism in oxidative metabolism. Polymorphic drug oxidation may have important clinical implications, because when standard dosage regimens are applied plasma concentrations will reach far above the maximum acceptable in poor metabolizers and consequently side effects may arise. Regarding the multiplicity of the drug oxidizing enzyme system (cytochrome P-450) it could be of interest to combine model substrates in a cocktail to be able to characterize human subjects simultaneously for a number of independent polymorphisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960741
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changed pharmacokinetics under the influence of age (1987)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 50-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Absorption ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Clearance ; Metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Age significantly affects therapeutics in both general and specific ways. In newborns and in infants various physiological processes are still developing, whereas in elderly there may be decreased efficiency or capacity of physiological processes. Unexpected or ‘idiosyncratic’ responses to drugs in the very old or in the very young often can be explained by age-related changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, end-organ responsiveness and excretion. Adolescence is often associated with rapid growth and changing body composition. Special problems with adolescents are poor compliance and drug abuse. Adults show a rather stable pharmacokinetic profile, although the cardiac output diminishes and the peripheral resistance increases about 1% annually. Exposure to enzyme-inducing agents (nicotine, cimetidine) influences the pharmacokinetic parameters of both adolescents and adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960735
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of cellobiose and cellulose byBacteroides cellulosolvens (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1987), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Early growth cessation ; Bacteroides cellulosolvens ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The metabolism ofBacteroides cellulosolvens was studied on cellobiose and cellulose as energy and carbon sources. The growth rate was faster on cellobiose; however, growth on cellulose resulted in consumption of 55% more hexose equivalents, and in production of 49% more biomass, and 30% more metabolites (ethanol, acetate, and lactate). On each substrateB. cellulosolvens exhibited two distinct ranges of molar growth yields (Y H g cells/mol hexose). At low substrate concentrations (less than 30 mmol) hexoseY H values were 25.5 for cellulose and 28.5 for cellobiose, while at hexose levels greater than 30 mmolY H values were 13.5 and 15, respectively. Shifts in metabolism towards greater lactic acid production resulted in decreased ATP production; however, this did not cause early growth cessation, as these shifts occurred after the drop inY H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569338
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