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  • SPACE RADIATION
  • 1985-1989  (84)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1987  (84)
  • 1
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    The discovery of a source of repeated soft short gamma bursts in Sagittarius (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Twelve short cosmic gamma-ray bursts were observed during July-December, 1983. The results of the localization of this source on the basis of Prognoz-9 and ICE data are presented. The source is situated 10 deg away from the Galactic Center. These localizations indicate that the January 7, 1979 burst originated from the same source.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Pis'ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal (ISSN 0320-0108); 13; 987-994
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Measurements of background gamma radiation on Spacelab 2 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A nuclear radiation monitor (NRM) which was flown as part of the verification instrumentation on the Spacelab 2 mission (July 29 - August 6, 1985) recorded spectra every 20 seconds and counting rates in coarse energy bands on finer time scales. The gamma radiation environment on Spacelab is characterized by cosmic-ray and trapped proton secondary radiation in the Spacelab/Shuttle, earth albedo radiation, and delayed induced radioactivity in the detector and surrounding materials. It is found that passages through South Atlantic Anomaly protons produce a well-defined background enhancement.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 7; 5, 19
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  • 3
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    Solar cycle modulation of Galactic protons and electrons (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is demonstrated here, through a detailed application of the model of Perko and Fisk (1983), that the cyclic variation in the cosmic ray spectra, the gradient, and the hysteresis, all in the ecliptic plane, can be caused by the accumulated effect of strong scattering regions moving out from the sun. The proton data in the form of spectral ratios, considered to be signatures of drifts, can be simply explained in terms of hysteresis effects, although a charge-dependent effect cannot be ruled out. It is also shown that cosmic ray recovery in this model can occur immediately after a sudden intensity decrease without requiring the disturbance to weaken as it propagates away; however, it is an energy-dependent recovery, a result of diffusive propagation inward, which partially contradicts data gathered at 1 AU. The cosmic ray intensity profiles at 1 AU may result from mechanisms different from those that exist beyond several AU.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 8502-851
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  • 4
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    Fermi acceleration at shocks with arbitrary velocity profiles (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Diffusive particle acceleration in modified shock fronts is considered. A method by means of which to obtain the resulting particle spectrum for an arbitrary flow profile is outlined; this method is based on a reformulation of the transport equation as a nonlinear first-order equation. Besides the shape of the flow profile, the spectral index of particles depends on the Peclet number of the shock. Results are given for some sample profiles.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 323; L87-L90
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  • 5
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    Circumstellar radio molecular lines (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Radio molecular lines appear to be useful probes into the stellar environment. Silicon oxide masers provide information on the physical conditions in the immediate vicinity of the stellar photosphere. Valuable information on the physics operating in the envelope of IRC + 10216 was recently obtained by high sensitivity observations and detailed theoretical analyses. Infrared speckle interferometry in the molecular lines and in the continuum is helpful in the investigation of the inner region of the envelope. These techniques are discussed in terms of late-type star mass loss.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, The M-Type Stars; p 209-224
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  • 6
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    Observation of a neutrino burst in coincidence with supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A burst of eight neutrino events a preceding the optical detection of the supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud has been observed in a large underground water Cherenkov detector. The events span an interval of 6 s and have visible energies in the range 20-40 MeV.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters (ISSN 0031-9007); 58; 1494-149
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  • 7
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    Survey of the galactic disk from 1 = -150 deg to 1 = 82 deg in the submillimeter range (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The first almost complete survey of the galactic disk from 1 = -150 deg to 1 = 82 deg in the submillimeter range (effective wavelength = 380 microns), performed with the AGLAE balloon-borne instrument modified to include a submillimeter channel, is reported. The instrumentation and observational procedures are described, as are the signal processing and calibration. The results are presented as a profile of the submillimeter brightness of the galactic disk displayed as a function of the galactic longitude. This profile exhibits diffuse emission all along the disk with bright peaks associated with resolved sources. The averaged galactic spectrum is in agreement with a temperature distribution of the interstellar cold dust.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Star Formation in Galaxies; p 93-96
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  • 8
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    Infrared emission and excitation in LMC HII regions (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The infrared excess (IRE) of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) HII nebulae is found to correlate positively with the temperature of the ambient radiation field or with the He(+)/H(+) abundance ratio. This result is discussed in terms of a selective absorption of the photons in the range 504 to 912 A relative to the He ionizing photons. This interpretation may explain the paradox of finding highly excited nebulae with only relatively moderate equivalent width of their Balmer lines.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Star Formation in Galaxies; p 247-251
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  • 9
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    Origin and propagation of galactic cosmic rays (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The study of systematic trends in elemental abundances is important for unfolding the nuclear and/or atomic effects that should govern the shaping of source abundances and in constraining the parameters of cosmic ray acceleration models. In principle, much can be learned about the large-scale distributions of cosmic rays in the galaxy from all-sky gamma ray surveys such as COS-B and SAS-2. Because of the uncertainties in the matter distribution which come from the inability to measure the abundance of molecular hydrogen, the results are somewhat controversial. The leaky-box model accounts for a surprising amount of the data on heavy nuclei. However, a growing body of data indicates that the simple picture may have to be abandoned in favor of more complex models which contain additional parameters. Future experiments on the Spacelab and space station will hopefully be made of the spectra of individual nuclei at high energy. Antiprotons must be studied in the background free environment above the atmosphere with much higher reliability and presion to obtain spectral information.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Essays in Space Science; p 191-223
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  • 10
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    Antiprotons in cosmic rays (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Recent experimental observations and results are discussed. It was found that the approximately 50 antiprotons collected in balloon experiments to date have generated considerable theoretical interest. Clearly, confirmatory experiments and measurements over an extended energy range are required before definite conclusions are drawn. Antiproton measurements have a bearing on astrophysical problems ranging from cosmic ray propagation to issues of cosmological import. The next generation of balloon experiments and the Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility being discussed for operation on NASA's space station should provide data and insights of highest interest.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Essays in Space Science; p 155-172
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